An Application of Voice Mail: Email Services for the Visually Challenged Individual

Communication plays a crucial role in every field in one’s life. It is an integration of the communicating technologies with the help of internet. But this facility is not for blind people. Hence, we aimed to develop an Android based email application that can facilitate visually challenged people to use email services for communication. The application will work solely on voice commands spoken by the user which will enable them to communicate with the world. They can send and receive any mails whether it is a text document, picture, audio, video, etc. using this system using the internet. By providing the platform in which they can speak the operation and can able to send and receive the messages. The system will be build using Google Text-to-Speech and Speech-to-Text APIs, which will make it efficient, accurate to a certain limit and user friendly

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and other Non-Communicable Diseases: Time for an Integrated Approach

Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad term covering a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. NAFLD is highly prevalent across all regions of the world with its global prevalence of 25.2%(95%CI:22.1-28.7). It is commonly referred as the ‘hepatic manifestation’ of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, it is strongly associated with the individual components as well as MetS as a whole. NAFLD has been independently associated with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like chronic kidney disease (CKD), Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Stroke and Cancers. This strong association of NCDs with NAFLD not only affects the prevalence but also the progression and management of the disease. Thus, this review aims at highlighting the association of NAFLD with other NCDs. A literature search was undertaken in the MEDLINE database using the necessary MeSH terms. The review concludes NAFLD is a systemic disease, not just confined to liver-specific morbidity and mortality, but also associated with numerous extra-hepatic manifestations, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal diseases, and malignancy. With co-existence of NAFLD with various NCDs it is expected to become the most overwhelming liver disease in the world in coming years. Hence, to reduce medical and economic impact associated with these comorbidities, it is recommended that all countries should estimate and predict the burden on comorbidities associated with NAFLD and galvanize its health resources in providing integrated therapeutic approaches for management of NAFLD and related comorbidities at an early stage

Association of colposcopy with pap smear in evaluation of unhealthy cervix- a prospective study

Background: Unhealthy cervix is a very common finding in our country due to poor genital hygiene, malnutrition and multiparity. The cervix is the commonest site for female genital cancer. Gynaecologists who work in tertiary care institutes in the developing countries to get referrals from practitioners and peripheral health centres for patients with a clinical diagnosis of an “unhealthy cervix. An “unhealthy cervix” or grossly abnormal cervix can harbour premalignant cervical lesions or invasive carcinoma. That’s why present study was planned to evaluate colposcopy role in relation to PAP smear in symptomatic patients. Methods: The present study was a prospective, analytical study. After institutional committee approval this study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022 in department of obstetrics and gynecology at RNT Medical college, Udaipur. Total 140 women were assessed for this study. Results: Our study results based on combined cytology and colposcopy with histopathology- sensitivity =100%, specificity =87.03%, PPV=84.09%, NPV=100%, accuracy =92.30%. The result of current study supports that, PAP smear demonstrates premalignant and malignant lesions, whereas colposcopy shows the exact site for biopsy for histopathological diagnosis and for further management. Conclusions: Colposcopy and cytology are complementary to each other. Best result in early detection of pre-invasive carcinomas could be obtained by combined use of cytology, colposcopy and colposcopy guided biopsy. So, use of ‘single visit approach’ in which cytology, colposcopy and guided biopsy all are done in one setting and treated accordingly in resource poor countries will enable maximum utilization of scarce medical resources

Community based cross sectional study: to assess the prevalence of arthritic symptoms in an army garrison in large city of North India

Background: Arthritis affects almost 350 million people globally and is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. The prevalence in India is like that in developed countries. Symptoms of arthritis have been found to be influenced by alcohol intake, smoking, obesity and type of diet which lead to aggravation in pain, exacerbation in disease activity and deterioration in general health.Methods: Present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a large military station in North India over a period of one month. Armed Forces personnel and their family members aged 18 yrs and above residing in military station and consenting to the study were included. A sample of 1475 was studied.Results: The age of participants ranged from 18 to 70 yrs (median 32±7.4 yrs) with 20.54% females and 79.46% males. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of Gout, RA, OA and Spondyloarthritis was 8.95% (95% CI, 7.54, 10.52), 3.25% (2.41, 4.29), 11.32% (9.75, 13.05) and 14.17% (12.43, 16.05), respectively. Symptoms suggestive of RA were found to be significantly associated with female gender, those of Gout and Spondyloarthritis with male gender, while OA did not have any gender predisposition.Conclusions: The population with symptoms of arthritis needs to be identified early by early symptomatic diagnosis and measures instituted for appropriate management to prevent future complications and associated morbidity

Correlation of non-stress test with fetal outcome in term of apgar score: a prospective observation study

Background: The objectives of antepartum fetal surveillance are to prevent fetal death and avoidance of unnecessary intervention. This study using NST as a tool for routine antepartum fetal surveillance is we will be trying to catch up those fetuses who might be at risk in womb and provide prompt intervention in otherwise considered normal pregnancies without any obvious high-risk factor thus giving the best outcome in mothers.Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the non-stress test with fetal outcome in pregnancies from 37-42 weeks of gestation.  This was a prospective observational study at RNT Medical college Udaipur (Rajasthan) from November 2021 to March 2022. This study included 100 normal pregnant mothers from 37 weeks to 42 weeks who were subjected to NST.Results: The parameters of poor fetal outcome like apgar score <7 at 5 minutes had increased incidences in the non-reactive group.Conclusions: This study suggests that the NST was found to be a good predictor of the healthy foetus even in normal pregnancies between 37-42 weeks of gestation and the probability of an adverse outcome such as poor Apgar score increases with a non-reactive strip

Unusual presentation of fibrolamellar carcinoma: A rare case report

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (fHCC) is a distinct type of first time used hence- hepatocellular carcinoma affecting particularly young patient with no gender predilection. However, there is increasing evidence of occurrence of this tumor in elderly patients also. Abdominal imaging with pre-operative biopsy provides accurate diagnosis. However, in difficult situations, CD68, cytokeratin 7, HepPar1, etc., immunohistochemical stains provide accurate diagnosis to differentiate this condition from other malignancies. Hereby, we present a case of fHCC in a 55-year-old female with equivocal imaging features and diagnosis was made by histopathology aided by immunohistochemistry

Hepatitis update program: need of the situation to co-manage viral hepatitis and COVID-19

Background: Government of India has taken several initiatives towards combating viral hepatitis but due to sudden surge in COVID-19 cases resulted in suspension of viral hepatitis program related activities. Moreover, COVID-19 has several liver related complications hence more special precautions are required to manage patients with known liver diseases. Nurses play an important role in management of any disease. However, there is limited knowledge among nurses on co-management of COVID-19 and viral hepatitis. With this background, two-day training program for nursing professionals was conceptualized under the project PRAKASH to educate and train the nurses about co-management of COVID-19 and viral hepatitis.        Methods: A pre-post study was undertaken among nurses who have registered for hepatitis update program. The online link to 25-knowledge related questions along with demographic variables was shared with the registered participants. Paired t test and other statistical analyses were done using SPSS v-21. Level of significance was taken at p<0.05Results: A total of 1151 responses were received out of 1477 trained participants. The mean age of the nursing participants was 32.5±6.95 years. The overall mean knowledge score in the pre-assessment was found to be 15.47±4.13 out of 25, which further increased to 20.72±3.81 in the post-assessment. Gender, type of facility, education, willingness to get trained and prior training related to viral hepatitis were found to be independently associated with pre-knowledge score.Conclusions: Training programs should be encouraged for diseases which are of public health importance and can’t be ignored with respect to increasing burden of COVID-19 cases

Using the new ICD-MM classification system for attribution of cause of maternal death: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan

Background: Sustainable development goal 3 includes an ambitious target of reducing the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 births by 2030. Understanding the causes of and factors contributing to maternal deaths is critically important for development of interventions that reduce the global burden of maternal mortality and morbidity. The International classification of diseases-maternal mortality has proven to be easily applicable and helps clarify the cause of maternal death. Methods: Retrospective study of 100 maternal death cases was done in a tertiary medical centre of Rajasthan from December 2020 to November 2021 for determining the causes of maternal death and their classification according to ICD-MM. Results: A total of 100 maternal mortality cases were analyzed in this study for causes of death. Classification of causes of death according to WHO ICD-MM is represented in study results. Direct causes of maternal deaths were observed in 82 % cases whereas indirect causes were present in remaining 18%. Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) constituted the major groups of direct cause of maternal deaths whereas systemic infections were the most common indirect cause (15%). During the study period, COVID-19 was attributable to 12 cases of maternal death.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) were the major causes of direct obstetric death and systemic infections (15%) was the most common cause of indirect obstetric death. All of these causes are preventable with targeted interventions

99mTc-DMSA (V) in Evaluation of Osteosarcoma: Comparative Studies with 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detection of Primary and Malignant Lesions

To evaluate the role of 99mTc-DMSA (V) and [18F]FDG PET-CT in management of patients with osteosarcoma, 22 patients were included in our study. All patients underwent both 99mTc-DMSA (V) and whole-body [18F]FDG PET-CT scans within an interval of 1 week. 555–740 MBq of 99mTc-DMSA (V) was injected i.v. the whole-body planar, SPECT images of primary site and chest were performed after 3-4 hours. [18F]FDG PET-CT images were obtained 60 minutes after i.v. injection of 370 MBq of F-18 FDG. Both FDG PET-CT (mean SUVmax = 7.1) and DMSA (V) scans showed abnormal uptake at primary site in all the 22 patients (100% sensitivity for both). Whole-body PET-CT detected metastasis in 11 pts (lung mets in 10 and lung + bone mets in 1 patient). Whole-body planar DMSA (V) and SPECT detected bone metastasis in one patient, lung mets in 7 patients and LN in 1 patient. HRCT of chest confirmed lung mets in 10 patients and inflammatory lesion in one patient. 7 patients positive for mets on DMSA (V) scan had higher uptake in lung lesions as compared to FDG uptake on PET-CT. Three patients who did not show any DMSA uptake had subcentimeter lung nodule. Resuts of both 99mTc-DMSA (V) (whole-body planar and SPECT imaging) and [18F]FDG PET-CT were comparable in evaluation of primary site lesions and metastatic lesions greater than 1 cm. Though 99mTc-DMSA (V) had higher uptake in the lesions as compared to [18F]FDG PET-CT, the only advantage [18F]FDG PET-CT had was that it could also detect subcentimeter lesions

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.