DIDÁCTICA DEL ESPAÑOL CON FINES ESPECÍFICOS: LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA TERMINOLOGÍA EN UNA CLASE DE ESPAÑOL MÉDICO SOBRE ENFERMEDADES RARAS

Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivos el análisis de las principales estrategias y mecanismos utilizados en la enseñanza de un curso de español médico centrado en las enfermedades raras, así como el papel que desempeña el léxico especializado en este ámbito profesional mediante la elaboración de un banco de datos terminológico. Para ello, se estudia la relación entre la terminología y la enseñanza de Lenguas para Fines Específicos (LFE), pues se trata de cubrir un conjunto de necesidades de carácter lingüístico dentro de este contexto de especialidad. La elaboración de una propuesta didáctica de un curso de Español con Fines Específicos (EFE) se centra en el aprendizaje de la terminología de las enfermedades raras y el desarrollo de la competencia léxica mediante la aplicación del enfoque por tareas y diferentes estrategias que contribuyen a la adquisición del vocabulario mediante los bancos de datos y análisis de formación de palabras.This research project aims to analyze some of the main strategies and mechanisms used in the didactics of a medical Spanish course focused on rare diseases, as well as the role played by the specialized vocabulary in this professional field. To do so, the relationship between the terminology and the teaching of Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) will be studied, as the main goal is to cover linguistic needs within a particular context of specialty, such as the medical field. The development of a didactic proposal for a Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) course focuses on learning the terminology of rare diseases and the development of lexical competence through the application of the task approach and different strategies that contribute to the vocabulary acquisition through data banks and word formation analysis.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corpora

A non-persistently transmitted-virus induces a pull?push strategy inits aphid vector to optimize transmission and spread

Plant viruses are known to modify the behaviour of their insect vectors, both directly and indirectly,generally adapting to each type of virus?vector relationship in a way that enhances transmissionefficiency. Here, we report results of three different studies showing how a virus transmitted in a non-persistent (NP) manner (Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV, Cucumovirus) can induce changes in its host plant,cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Marumba) that modifies the behaviour of its aphid vector (Aphis gossypiiGlover; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a way that enhances virus transmission and spread non-viruliferousaphids changed their alighting, settling and probing behaviour activities over time when exposed toCMV-infected and mock-inoculated cucumber plants. Aphids exhibited no preference to migrate fromCMV-infected to mock-inoculated plants at short time intervals (1, 10 and 30 min after release), butshowed a clear shift in preference to migrate from CMV-infected to mock-inoculated plants 60 min afterrelease. Our free-choice preference assays showed that A. gossypii alates preferred CMV-infected overmock-inoculated plants at an early stage (30 min), but this behaviour was reverted at a later stage andaphids preferred to settle and reproduce on mock-inoculated plants. The electrical penetration graph(EPG) technique revealed a sharp change in aphid probing behaviour over time when exposed to CMV-infected plants. At the beginning (first 15 min) aphid vectors dramatically increased the number of shortsuperficial probes and intracellular punctures when exposed to CMV-infected plants. At a later stage (sec-ond hour of recording) aphids diminished their feeding on CMV-infected plants as indicated by much lesstime spent in phloem salivation and ingestion (E1 and E2). This particular probing behaviour includingan early increase in the number of short superficial probes and intracellular punctures followed by aphloem feeding deterrence is known to enhance the transmission efficiency of viruses transmitted in aNP manner. We conclude that CMV induces specific changes in a plant host that modify the alighting,settling and probing behaviour of its main vector A. gossypii, leading to optimum transmission and spreadof the virus. Our findings should be considered when modelling the spread of viruses transmitted in a NPmanner

Survey on the state of the art of wireless sensor networks

Este artículo presenta un estudio del estado del arte de las redes de sensores inalámbricas, las cuales siguen un desarrollo creciente y presentan una gran variedad de aplicaciones. Estas redes constituyen un campo actual y emergente de estudio donde se combina el desarrollo de computadores, comunicaciones inalámbricas y dispositivos móviles e integración con otras disciplinas como agricultura, biología, medicina, etc. Se presenta el concepto principal, los componentes, topologías, estándares, aplicaciones, problemas y desafíos, luego se profundiza en soluciones de seguridad y se concluye con herramientas básicas de simulación.This article presents a survey of the state of the art of wireless sensor networks, which follows a growing development and a wide variety of applications. These networks provide a current and emerging field of study where combines the development of computers, wireless communications and mobile devices and integration with other disciplines such as agriculture, biology, medicine, etc. Presents the main concept, components, topologies, standards,  applications,  problems  and  challenges,  deepens  security  solutions  and conclude with basic tools of simulation

Assessing the impact on virus transmission and insect vector behavior of a viral mixed infection in melon

Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA ProgrammeMixed viral infections in plants are common, and can result in synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Except in complex diseases with severe symptoms, mixed infections frequently remain unnoticed, and their impact on insect vector transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we considered mixed infections of two unrelated viruses commonly found in melon plants, the crinivirus cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and the potyvirus watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and evaluated their vector transmission by whiteflies and aphids, respectively. Their dynamics of accumulation was analyzed until 60 days postinoculation (dpi) in mixed-infected plants, documenting reduced titers of WMV and much higher titers of CYSDV compared with single infections. At 24 dpi, corresponding to the peak of CYSDV accumulation, similar whitefly transmission rates were obtained when comparing either individual or mixed-infected plants as CYSDV sources, although its secondary dissemination was slightly biased toward plants previously infected with WMV, regardless of the source plant. However, at later time points, mixed-infected plants partially recovered from the initially severe symptoms, and CYSDV transmission became significantly higher. Interestingly, aphid transmission rates both at early and late time points were unaltered when WMV was acquired from mixed-infected plants despite its reduced accumulation. This lack of correlation between WMV accumulation and transmission could result from compensatory effects observed in the analysis of the aphid feeding behavior by electrical penetration graphs. Thus, our results showed that mixed-infected plants could provide advantages for both viruses, directly favoring CYSDV dissemination while maintaining WMV transmission

Transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ by Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson to vegetable hosts

The bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is a recent plant pathogen of several crops in Solanaceae and Apiaceae and is associated with economically important diseases. The bacterium is a carrot seed borne pathogen that can also be transmitted from potato mother tubers and by psyllid vectors. The psyllid Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson was described carrying CaLso associated with vegetative disorders in carrot and celery crops in Spain and its competence to transmit this phloem-limited bacterium among vegetables is currently being investigated. Here electrical penetration graphs showed that B. trigonica fed in the phloem of carrot and celery and probed the phloem in potato, but not in tomato plants. The bacterium was efficiently transmitted to carrot and celery plants when either single B. trigonica or groups of ten fed on these species. An inoculation access period of 24 hours was sufficient for a single B. trigonica to transmit the bacterium to carrot (67.8%), celery (21.1%) and eventually to potato and tomato (6.0%). Higher transmission rates were obtained with 10 individuals on celery (100%), carrot (80%), potato (10%) and tomato (10%). Bactericera trigonica laid eggs, and the hatched nymphs develop into adult on carrot and celery, but not on potato and tomato. CaLso was detected in 20% of the eggs laid by females carrying the bacterium. The results confirmed that B. trigonica is a vector of the bacterium to carrot and celery, and it is discussed the potential role of this psyllid in the transmission of the pathogen to potato and tomato plants

Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose spheres biosynthesized from winery by-products as natural carriers for fertilizers

[EN]Soil contamination, sustainable management of water resources and controlled release of agrochemicals are the main challenges of modern agriculture. In this work, the synthesis of sphere-like bacterial cellulose (BC) using agitated culture conditions and Komagateibacter medellinensis bacterial strain ID13488 was optimized and characterized from grape pomace (GP). First, a comparative study was carried out between agitated and static cultures using different nitrogen sources and applying alternative GP treatments. Agitation of the cultures resulted in higher BC production yield compared to static culture conditions. Additionally, Water holding capacity (WHC) assays evidenced the superabsorbent nature of the BC biopolymer, being positively influenced by the spherical shape as it was observed an increase of 60% in contrast to the results obtained for the BC membranes under static culture conditions. Moreover, it was found that sphere-like BCs were capable of retaining urea up to 375% of their dry weight, rapidly releasing the fertilizer in the presence of water. According to our findings, sphere-like BCs represent suitable systems with great potential for actual agricultural hazards and grape pomace valorisation.Financial support from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (GIU18/216 Research Group), from the Basque Government in the frame of Elkartek KK-2020/00053 and PIBA2020-1-0041 and from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Union (MICINN/EU/FEDER) in the frame of MAT2016-76294-R and PID2019-105090RB-I00 projects, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the technical support and personnel provided by the Servicio de Lipidómica y Metabolomica of the SGIKER (UPV/EHU,MICINN, GV/E.G., ESF) and the Phytotron Service of UPV/EHU. Moreover, are grateful to the Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker unit of the UPV/EHU. Díaz-Ramírez J wishes to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food policy of the Basque Government for the PhD grant (00020-PIT2019-22)

Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose spheres biosynthesized from winery by-products as natural carriers for fertilizers

[EN]Soil contamination, sustainable management of water resources and controlled release of agrochemicals are the main challenges of modern agriculture. In this work, the synthesis of sphere-like bacterial cellulose (BC) using agitated culture conditions and Komagateibacter medellinensis bacterial strain ID13488 was optimized and characterized from grape pomace (GP). First, a comparative study was carried out between agitated and static cultures using different nitrogen sources and applying alternative GP treatments. Agitation of the cultures resulted in higher BC production yield compared to static culture conditions. Additionally, Water holding capacity (WHC) assays evidenced the superabsorbent nature of the BC biopolymer, being positively influenced by the spherical shape as it was observed an increase of 60% in contrast to the results obtained for the BC membranes under static culture conditions. Moreover, it was found that sphere-like BCs were capable of retaining urea up to 375% of their dry weight, rapidly releasing the fertilizer in the presence of water. According to our findings, sphere-like BCs represent suitable systems with great potential for actual agricultural hazards and grape pomace valorisation.Financial support from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (GIU18/216 Research Group), from the Basque Government in the frame of Elkartek KK-2020/00053 and PIBA2020-1-0041 and from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Union (MICINN/EU/FEDER) in the frame of MAT2016-76294-R and PID2019-105090RB-I00 projects, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the technical support and personnel provided by the Servicio de Lipidómica y Metabolomica of the SGIKER (UPV/EHU,MICINN, GV/E.G., ESF) and the Phytotron Service of UPV/EHU. Moreover, are grateful to the Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker unit of the UPV/EHU. Díaz-Ramírez J wishes to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food policy of the Basque Government for the PhD grant (00020-PIT2019-22)

Eficacia del derecho a la salud en la población afrocolombiana: Estudio socio-jurídico en el distrito de Buenaventura. 2012 -2016

Esta investigación abordó el tema del derecho a la salud, entendido como el derecho humano a disfrutar del más alto nivel posible de salud, que permite a cada persona desarrollar su vida con plena dignidad, sin ninguna distinción o trato diferente. La precaria situación de salud que padecen las personas que habitan en el territorio, refleja las inequidades y ausencia de garantías por parte del Estado colombiano. Por ello, el propósito principal de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia del derecho fundamental a la salud en la población Afrocolombiana del distrito de Buenaventura entre los años 2012 y 2016. Se planteó un estudio sociojurídico con enfoque mixto, utilizando herramientas de los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. Adicionalmente, se usaron variables propias de los estudios explicativos que integradas con los elementos teóricos, generaron un conocimiento práctico. La información de fuente primaria que da validez a la investigación se obtuvo de diferentes indicadores estandarizados disponibles en las bases de datos oficiales, DANE y SISPRO. En el análisis comparativo se encontró un elevado índice de mortalidad en el distrito de Buenaventura frente al promedio nacional. Una mujer en edad fértil nacida en Buenaventura tiene cinco veces mayor probabilidad de morir por causas relacionadas con la maternidad. Asimismo, la Mortalidad Infantil se incrementa en un 60%, demostrándose, más allá de duda razonable, que el Estado colombiano no garantizó el derecho fundamental de la salud al más alto nivel posible a los habitantes en el distrito de Buenaventura durante el periodo analizado.<br /

Adoption and rights. Access to origins in Argentina, Chile and Spain

Este trabajo es el resultado del diálogo entre las normas vigentes en Argentina, Chile y España sobre el acceso a los orígenes de las personas adoptadas y la posibilidad de contacto como garantía de su derecho a la identidad. El mismo ofrece un análisis teórico comparativo con un enfoque histórico jurídico y psicosocial a través del cual se señalan convergencias y divergencias entre los tres países.This paper is the result of the dialogue among current legislation in Argentina, Chile and Spain regarding the adoptees’ access to their origin and the chance of contact as a guarantee of their right to identity. It offers a comparative and theoretical analysis focused on historical, legal and psychosocial aspects in order to find convergences and divergences between these countries