Diseño conceptual de un sistema de infraestructuras de transporte multimodal orientado a la mejora de la productividad nacional

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en la elaboración de un “Diseño Conceptual de un Sistema de Infraestructuras de Transportes Multimodal”, con la finalidad de superar el problema identificado, respecto a que existe una importante brecha en infraestructura de transportes que origina que el Perú se encuentre retrasado en relación a sus pares regionales y OCDE, así como una baja productividad comparado con otros países de la región. En tal sentido, de acuerdo a lo analizado en el presente trabajo, nuestra hipótesis de investigación propone que para que el Perú sea competitivo en los mercados nacionales y mundiales, se deberá diseñar un eficiente sistema de infraestructuras de transporte, con un enfoque multimodal, orientado a mejorar la productividad nacional

Altering the Coordination of Iron Porphyrins by Ionic Liquid Nanodomains in Mixed Solvent Systems

The solvent environment around iron porphyrin complexes was examined using mixed molecular/RTIL (room temperature ionic liquid) solutions. The formation of nanodomains in these solutions provides different solvation environments for substrates that could have significant impact on their chemical reactivity. Iron porphyrins (Fe(P)), whose properties are sensitive to solvent and ligation changes, were used to probe the molecular/RTIL environment. The addition of RTILs to molecular solvents shifted the redox potentials to more positive values. When there was no ligation change upon reduction, the shift in the E° values were correlated to the Gutmann acceptor number, as was observed for other porphyrins with similar charge changes. As %RTIL approached 100 %, there was insufficient THF to maintain coordination and the E° values were much more dependent upon the %RTIL. In the case of FeIII(P)(Cl), the shifts in the E° values were driven by the release of the chloride ion and its strong attraction to the ionic liquid environment. The spectroscopic properties and distribution of the FeII and FeI species into the RTIL nanodomains were monitored with visible spectroelectrochemistry, 19F NMR and EPR spectroscopy. This investigation shows that coordination and charge delocalization (metal versus ligand) in the metalloporphyrins redox products can be altered by the RTIL fraction in the solvent system, allowing an easy tuning of their chemical reactivity

Plan estratégico del organismo de evaluación y fiscalización ambiental para la industria cervecera del Perú con enfoque en economía circular

El sector cervecero en el Perú, se caracteriza por tener pocos participantes, un diversificado portafolio de marcas, altas barreras de entrada entre otros, pero además no está exenta de generar residuos y desperdicios que generan algún grado de contaminación. Por otro lado, el Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA), es la entidad pública especializada que busca la protección del medio ambiente en las diferentes actividades económicas. En razón a que el presente plan estratégico está enfocado en la Industria Cervecera Peruana, la visión que se plantea, es que El OEFA velará para que las actividades económicas de la Industria Cervecera en el 2025, sean un referente en el Perú en el uso de la economía circular, asegurando el derecho de las personas a gozar de un ambiente sano. Este plan estratégico plantea objetivos a largo plazo que están orientadas al cuidado del medio ambiente pero además, a reducir los desperdicios generados, logrando la creación de nuevos productos derivados, como ya se hace en otros países, mediante la utilización de los residuos de la producción de la cerveza, que en algunos casos pueden ser incorporados en el proceso productivo. Esto representa una gran oportunidad de generar nuevos negocios y para ello se requiere un marco regulatorio del OEFA. A partir de estos objetivos se plantean estrategias específicas, las cuales con la debida implementación y seguimiento, por parte de todos los actores que forman parte del sector así como del OEFA en su labor promotora y reguladora, permitirán armonizar el ejercicio de las actividades económicas y la protección del ambiente.Beer industry in Peru is known for having a reduce amount of participants, a diverse assortment of brands and high requirements in order to participate in. However, the industry is not blameless with regard to industrial waste and pollution. Agency for Environmental Assessment and Enforcement (OEFA) is the public entity that specializes in the evaluation, supervision, and regulations that oversee environmental protection within the various economic enterprises. A proposal by the OEFA outlines the close supervision of the business practices of the Beer Industry in 2025. One of the strategies OEFA asserts in this proposal is the use of the circular economy thereby further guaranteeing the right of the people to enjoy a healthy environment. This strategic plan proposes long-term environmental protection objectives and an optimization of waste management, creating new products by recycling the waste from beer production. With this new window of opportunities for business, a regulatory outline is required from the OEFA. If the specific strategies proposed are properly implemented and each participant follows ethical business practices, then a true balance between the economy and environment will be found.Tesi

Teaching old compounds new tricks: efficient N2 fixation by simple Fe(N2)(diphosphine)2 complexes

The Fe(0) species Fe(N2)(dmpe)2 exists in equilibrium with the previously unreported dimer, [Fe(dmpe2)2(μ-N2)]. For the first time these complexes, alongside Fe(N2)(depe)2, are shown unambiguously to produce N2H4 and/or NH3 upon addition of triflic acid; for Fe(N2)(depe)2 this represents one of the highest electron conversion efficiencies for Fe complexes to date

Neutral organic super electron donors made catalytic

Neutral organic super electron donors (SEDs) display impressive reducing power but, until now, it has not been possible to use them catalytically in radical chain reactions. This is because, following electron transfer, these donors form persistent radical cations that trap substrate-derived radicals. This paper unlocks a conceptually new approach to super electron donors that overcomes this issue, leading to the first catalytic neutral organic super electron donor

Tetrabenzoporphyrin and -mono-, - Cis -di- and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin derivatives: Electrochemical and spectroscopic implications of meso CH Group replacement with nitrogen

Nonperipherally hexyl-substituted metal-free tetrabenzoporphyrin (2H-TBP, 1a) tetrabenzomonoazaporphyrin (2H-TBMAP, 2a), tetrabenzo-cis-diazaporphyrin (2H-TBDAP, 3a), tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (2H-TBTAP, 4a), and phthalocyanine (2H-Pc, 5a), as well as their copper complexes (1b-5b), were synthesized. As the number of meso nitrogen atoms increases from zero to four, Îmax of the Q-band absorption peak becomes red-shifted by almost 100 nm, and extinction coefficients increased at least threefold. Simultaneously the blue-shifted Soret (UV) band substantially decreased in intensity. These changes were related to the relative electron-density of each macrocycle expressed as the group electronegativity sum of all meso N and CH atom groups, âχR. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy differentiated between the three different types of macrocyclic nitrogen atoms (the Ninner, (NH)inner, and Nmeso) in the metal-free complexes. Binding energies of the Nmeso and Ninner,Cu atoms in copper chelates could not be resolved. Copper insertion lowered especially the cathodic redox potentials, while all four observed redox processes occurred at larger potentials as the number of meso nitrogens increased. Computational chemical methods using density functional theory confirmed 1b to exhibit a Cu(II) reduction prior to ring-based reductions, while for 2b, Cu(II) reduction is the first reductive step only if the nonperipheral substituents are hydrogen. When they are methyl groups, it is the second reduction process; when they are ethyl, propyl, or hexyl, it becomes the third reductive process. Spectro-electrochemical measurements showed redox processes were associated with a substantial change in intensity of at least two main absorbances (the Q and Soret bands) in the UV spectra of these compounds

Diccionario histórico [biográfico] del Departamento de La Paz

813 páginas. Incluye imágenes de algunos de los personajes biografiados.Diccionario biográfico que abarca el período histórico desde el comienzo del período colonial hasta el siglo XIX. El original que se ha digitalizado no disponía de portada. El título que aparece citado en la bibliografía es "Diccionario histórico del Departamento de La Paz" (1915). Se ha mantenido el término "biográfico" que aparece en el prólogo de José L. Calderón, promotor de la edición. El reverendo N. Aranzaes nació en 1849 y autor de obras de carácter histórico como "Las revoluciones de Bolivia" editado por "La Prensa" en 1918. Esta obra fue donada por Juan E. Jáuregui Cordero y Alfonso Bilbao Liseca

A influência da marca coca cola na atratividade e manutenção dos funcionários em uma afiliada no rio grande do sul

O estudo analisou a influência da marca Coca-Cola na atratividade e manutenção de funcionários em uma empresa afiliada de uma franqueada da The Coca-Cola Company, denominada CVI Refrigerantes Ltda., identificando o nível de conhecimento prévio dos colaboradores da empresa sobre a mesma, verificando os atributos relacionados à marca na visão destes e diagnosticando fatores considerados decisivos no momento da escolha da empresa como empregadora. Foi realizada análise documental e de entrevistas  semiestruturadas com funcionários. Constata-se que a imagem e o nome da marca Coca-Cola constituem, para os funcionários, fortes atrativos, além dos benefícios e oportunidades de crescimento oferecidos