Dietary legumes, intestinal microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a worldwide disease with major clinical and economic impact, and its occurrence is determined by a variety of factors. In addition to its hereditary component, it is also known to be associated with various inflammatory processes, epigenetic alterations or modifications of the intestinal microbiota. The alimentary habits are crucial in the conformation of gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized for its health benefits and has been associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. On the other hand, inflammation is a process commonly associated with cancer, and the intestinal microbiota interacts with the host to maintain normal function and health, particularly in processes of immunity and defense. Here, we are focusing in particular on two groups of substances (fibre, protein fractions) present in legumes whose mechanisms of action to prevent colon cancer or inflammation are likely to be mediated by the intestinal microbiota functional composition.This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish “Plan Estatal de I+D+I of MICIIN” (PET2008-0311, SAF2011-29648 and AGL2017-83772-R), and has been also partially supported by the FEDER and FSE funds from the European Union

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Control catabólico y factores genéticos implicados en la respuesta de Pseudomonas putida KT2440 a situaciones ambientales

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Genética. Leída el 13 de julio de 200

Inclusion of Limited Amounts of Extruded Legumes Plus Cereal Mixes in Normocaloric or Obesogenic Diets for Rats: Effects on Lipid Profile

© 2020 by the authors.Overweight and obesity are regarded as world epidemics and are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Two new highly palatable extruded mixes based on rice and pea (Pisum sativum) or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated into normocaloric or obesogenic diets for rats at a low inclusion level (25%). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary incorporation of this new food ingredient on lipid profile. Organs (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum) and visceral fat relative weights were different (p < 0.01) from controls for animals fed the obesogenic diets and in rats fed extruded diets with respect to controls. Faecal excretion of bile acids was higher (p < 0.01) for rats fed extruded mixes compared with controls. The inclusion of extruded mixes replacing part of the casein in the control diet lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.01) values, although plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was unaltered. Both the inclusion of extruded mixes and the use of obesogenic diets resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) different long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in liver and visceral fat. Incorporating extruded legume plus cereal mixes beneficially influenced lipid metabolism, and would therefore deserve closer attention in human intervention studies, particularly with adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the nutritional and physiological effects of extruded legume plus cereal mixes.This research was supported by Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects RTA2012-00042-C02-01, CSIC201540E083, and AGL 2017-83772-R. The work was also partially supported by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and Fondo Social Europeo (FSE) funds from the European UnionPeer reviewe

Integration of Signals through Crc and PtsN in Catabolite Repression of Pseudomonas putida TOL Plasmid pWW0

Toluene degradation in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 pWW0 plasmid is subjected to catabolite repression. Pu and P(S1) promoters of the pWW0 TOL plasmid are down-regulated in vivo during exponential growth in rich medium. In cells growing on minimal medium, yeast extract (YE) addition mimics exponential-phase rich medium repression of these promoters. We have constructed and tested mutants in a series of global regulators described in Pseudomonas. We describe that a mutant in crc (catabolite repression control) partially relieves YE repression. Macroarray experiments show that crc transcription is strongly increased in the presence of YE, inversely correlated with TOL pathway expression. On the other hand, we have found that induced levels of expression from Pu and P(S) in the presence of YE are partially derepressed in a ptsN mutant of P. putida. PtsN but not Crc seems to directly interfere with XylR activation at target promoters. The effect of the double mutation in ptsN and crc is not the sum of the effects of each independent mutation and suggests that both regulators are elements of a common regulatory pathway. Basal expression levels from these promoters in the absence of inducer are still XylR dependent and are also repressed in the presence of yeast extract. Neither crc nor ptsN could relieve this repression

Characterization of pea (Pisum sativum) seed protein fractions

BACKGROUND: Legume seed proteins have to be chemically characterized in order to properly link their nutritional effects with their chemical structure. RESULTS: Vicilin and albumin fractions devoid of cross-contamination, as assessed by mass peptide fingerprinting analysis, were obtained from defatted pea (Pisum sativum cv. Bilbo) meal. The extracted protein fractions contained 56.7-67.7 g of non-starch polysaccharides kg-1. The vicilin fraction was higher than legumin in arginine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. The most abundant amino acids in the albumin fraction were aspartic and glutamic acids, lysine and arginine, and the amounts of methionine were more than double than those in legumins and vicilins. The pea albumin fraction showed a clear enrichment of protease inhibitory activity when compared to the seed meal. In vitro digestibility values for pea proteins were 0.63 ± 0.04, 0.88 ± 0.04 and 0.41 ± 0.23 for legumins, vicilins and albumins, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vicilin and albumin fractions devoid of cross-contamination with other proteins were obtained from pea seed meal. The vicilin fraction also contained low amounts of soluble non-starch polysaccharides and was enriched in isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. In vitro digestibility values for pea proteins were similar or even numerically higher than those for control proteins.Peer reviewe

Expression of the Pseudomonas putida OCT Plasmid Alkane Degradation Pathway Is Modulated by Two Different Global Control Signals: Evidence from Continuous Cultures

Expression of the genes of the alkane degradation pathway encoded in the Pseudomonas putida OCT plasmid are subject to negative and dominant global control depending on the carbon source used and on the physiological status of the cell. We investigated the signals responsible for this control in chemostat cultures under conditions of nutrient or oxygen limitation. Our results show that this global control is not related to the growth rate and responds to two different signals. One signal is the concentration of the carbon source that generates the repressing effect (true catabolite repression control). The second signal is influenced by the level of expression of the cytochome o ubiquinol oxidase, which in turn depends on factors such as oxygen availability or the carbon source used. Since under carbon limitation conditions the first signal is relieved but the second signal is not, we propose that modulation mediated by the cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase is not classical catabolite repression control but rather a more general physiological control mechanism. The two signals have an additive, but independent, effect, inhibiting induction of the alkane degradation pathway

Role of the ptsN Gene Product in Catabolite Repression of the Pseudomonas putida TOL Toluene Degradation Pathway in Chemostat Cultures

The Pseudomonas putida KT2440 TOL upper pathway is repressed under nonlimiting conditions in cells growing in chemostat with succinate as a carbon source. We show that the ptsN gene product IIANtr participates in this repression. Crc, involved in yeast extract-dependent repression in batch cultures, did not influence expression when cells were growing in a chemostat with succinate at maximum rate.This work was supported by European Communities grant QLK3- CT-2002-01923, grant BCM 2001-0515 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education, and grant VEM2004-08560 from Spanish Ministry of the Environment.Peer reviewe

A pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed albumin extract prevents colonic DSS induced dysbiosis in mice

This study investigates the effects of a pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extract (PSE) on the colonic microbiota in a model of experimental dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three groups: one non-colitic and two colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.5%) in the drinking water for four days, after which DSS was removed. The pre-treated group received orally PSE (15 g/kg·day) starting two weeks before colitis induction, and was maintained for nine days after. Mice pre-treated with PSE showed a recovery in colon length compared with non-treated DSS group. Both RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing analysis showed that DSS induced significant modifications in the microbiota composition of colonic contents and tissue. In conclusion, PSE modulated colonic microbiota in a model of experimental dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, and prevented colonic DSS induced dysbiosis in mice.Authors are grateful to Prof. J. Galvez and his group for their help with the animal trial. I. Aranda-Olmedo is a recipient of a JAEDoc grant from the CSIC. This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICIIN (PET2008-0311 and SAF2011-29648), and has been also partially supported by the FEDER and FSE funds from the European Union. Pea seeds (cv. Bilbo) were a gift from Limagrain UK Ltd. (Rothwell, UK)