Asociación "La claqueta"

La Claqueta lleva desarrollando talleres y diversas actividades desde 2004 se trata de un colectivo de personas interesadas en educar a través de la creación audiovisual y en fomentar una educación para la imagen. Está formada por un colectivo que agrupa a una variedad de pedagogos, educadores, profesionales del cine, especializados en la formación cinematográfica… con el objetivo realizar talleres y cursos de formación audiovisual; en este objetivo se persigue el trabajo en grupo, la experiencia, dejando en un segundo plano la obtención de resultados técnicamente satisfactorios. A través de esta asociación los niños/as y jóvenes aprenden y usan como herramientas los conocimientos para comunicarse, ser críticos, acercarse a la realidad y por lo tanto desarrollando su persona“La Claqueta” has been developing workshops and diverse activities since 2004. It is composed by a collective of people interested in education through audiovisual creation and also in promoting an education for the image. It is conformed by pedagogues, teachers, film industry’s professionals and people specialized in film training with the purpose of carrying out workshops and audiovisual training courses. Within its main objectives they pursue group work and getting experience, relieving the obtainment of technically satisfactory results to a second plane. Via this association, children and youth can learn and use as tools the contents of the course in order to communicate, have a critical thinking, getting closer to reality and as a result developing as individuals

Vitamin D Represses Retinoic Acid-Dependent Transactivation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-ß2 Promoter: The AF-2 Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Transrepression

10 pages, 8 figures.Retinoic acid (RA)-dependent activation of the RA receptor ß2 (RARß2) gene in embryonal carcinoma cells is mediated by binding of retinoid receptor heterodimers (RAR/RXR) to a RA response element (RARE) located closely to the TATA box. We have analyzed the effect of vitamin D on the response of the RARß2 promoter to RA in pituitary GH4C1 cells that coexpress receptors for retinoids and vitamin D. Incubation with vitamin D markedly reduced the response to RA caused by transcriptional interference of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the RARE. This DNA element binds VDR/RXR heterodimers with high affinity, and these inactive heterodimers can displace active RAR/RXR from the RARE. Overexpression of RXR in GH4C1 cells, as well as incubation with BMS649 (a RXR-specific ligand), increased the inhibitory effect of vitamin D, suggesting that the VDR/RXR heterodimer is the repressive species and that titration of RXR is not responsible for this inhibition. Although DNA binding could be required for full potency of the inhibitory activity of VDR, it is not absolutely required because a truncated receptor (VDR {Delta}1–111), lacking the DNA binding domain, also displays repressor activity. Furthermore, the ability to mediate transrepression by vitamin D was strongly decreased when a mutant VDR in which the last 12 C-terminal aminoacids have been deleted (VDR {Delta}AF-2) was used. Because this region contains the domain responsible for ligand-dependent recruitment of coactivators, titration of common coactivators for VDR and RAR could be involved in the inhibitory effect of vitamin D. In agreement with this hypothesis, overexpression of E1A, which can act as a RARß2 promoter-specific coactivator, significantly reversed repression by vitamin D.This work was supported by Grants PM94–0094 and PM97–0135 from the Direccion General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica.Peer reviewe

El maternal imperio. Afectos, poder y patrimonio a través de la expresión testamentaria (siglos XV-XVI)

«Maternal rule» is the expression used by a Spanish noblewoman from the kingdom of Seville in her last will and testament, written in the 16th century, to justify the authority she holds over her children. Based on the hypothesis that this is not merely her own individual perception, but rather that it corresponds to her experiences living within a specific emotional community, this paper carries out a comparative analysis with the testaments of two other women from the same territory and social group, with a view to understanding their maternal affective experiences. The documentation examined spans almost a century and includes information and instructions that characterise the lives and lifestyles of three women: María de Mendoza (+1493), Catalina de Ribera (+1505), and María Andrea Coronel de Guzmán y Sotomayor (+1589). However, they are written from the subjective perspective of a woman facing death, who wishes to retain her influence and at times control over her children even after she has disappeared from their lives, reflecting on her own soul. The main conclusions reached would indicate that they belonged to the same emotional community: Christian, aristocratic, with a gender role assignation that did not prevent them from exercising rule in certain areas, especially when they became widowed and gained authority over their children. However, they experience motherhood differently depending on whether their children are adults or still minors as the mothers face death. But above all, the way in which they exercise their motherhood is influenced by their personalities and predisposition. In any case, they use their last will and testament to give orders and advice to their descendants through a language that shows their motherly affections and disaffections. These are documents through which they can settle emotional scores through their legacies with a view to expressly leaving their children on the same or different footings. And, finally, beyond biological motherhood, we see how the caregiving role taken on by these women extends through affection or responsibility to other members of the social group.«Con maternal imperio» es la expresión que utiliza en su testamento una mujer de la élite castellana, más concretamente del reino de Sevilla en el siglo XVI, para justificar la autoridad que ejerce sobre sus hijos. Desde la hipótesis de que no se trata de una percepción individual, sino que responde a la vivencia de su comunidad emocional, en este texto se realiza un análisis comparativo con los testamentos de otras dos mujeres del mismo territorio y grupo social, con la finalidad de aproximarnos a sus vivencias afectivas maternales. La documentación abarca casi un siglo e incluye información e instrucciones que caracterizan los modos de vida de estas tres mujeres: María de Mendoza (+1493), Catalina de Ribera (+1505) y María Andrea Coronel de Guzmán y Sotomayor (+1589). Pero están redactadas desde la subjetividad de la madre que se enfrenta a la muerte, desea mantener la influencia –y a veces control– sobre sus hijos cuando haya desaparecido de sus vidas, y reflexiona sobre su propia alma. Las conclusiones principales determinan que pertenecen a la misma comunidad emocional: cristiana, aristocrática, con una asignación de roles de género que no les impide ejercer el gobierno en ciertos ámbitos, especialmente durante la viudez, y que desarrollan autoridad sobre sus hijos. Sin embargo, viven la maternidad de manera diferente, dependiendo de si los hijos son adultos o aún menores cuando las madres se enfrentan a la muerte. Pero, sobre todo, influyen sus personalidades y predisposición en la manera de ejercer la maternidad. En todo caso, utilizan sus testamentos para dar órdenes y consejos a sus descendientes a través de un lenguaje que muestra los afectos y desafectos maternales. Son documentos en los que pueden permitirse ajustar cuentas emocionales con ellos a través de legados que pretenden igualarlos o diferenciarlos expresamente. Y, por último, se observa cómo, más allá de la maternidad biológica, el papel asumido de cuidadoras se extiende a través del afecto o de la responsabilidad a otros miembros del grupo social.R&D Project: Vestir la casa. Espacios, objetos y emociones en los siglos XV y XVI (VESCASEM). PGC2018-093835-B-100, financiado por FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación–Agencia Estatal de Investigación. IP: María Elena Díez Jorge

The thyroid hormone response element is required for activation of the growth hormone gene promoter by nicotinamide analogs

AbstractN′-Methylnicotinamide and nicotinamide, which decreased in vitro ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins and/or cellular NAD+ content, selectively increased the basal expression of the rat growth hormone (GH) gene promoter and its response to triiodothyronine (T3). This increase was not found when the thyroid hormone response element (TRE) was deleted from the promoter. Transfection with an expression vector for the T3 receptor inhibited basal activity of the TRE-containing promoter and repressed the stimulatory effect of N′-methylnicotinamide. The addition of hormone relieved this inhibition and enhanced transcription above levels found in the absence of the transfected receptors. These results suggest a modulatory role of ADP-ribosylation in hormonal regulation of gene expression

Retinoic acid protects human breast cancer cells against etoposide-induced apoptosis by NF-kappaB-dependent but cIAP2-independent mechanisms

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Retinoids, through their cognate nuclear receptors, exert potent effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and have significant promise for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. These ligands can determine the ultimate fate of target cells by stimulating or repressing gene expression directly, or indirectly through crosstalking with other signal transducers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using different breast cancer cell models, we show here that depending on the cellular context retinoids can signal either towards cell death or cell survival. Indeed, retinoids can induce the expression of pro-apoptotic (i.e. TRAIL, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Apo2L/TNFSF10) and anti-apoptotic (i.e. cIAP2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2) genes. Promoter mapping, gel retardation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that retinoids induce the expression of this gene mainly through crosstalk with NF-kappaB. Supporting this crosstalk, the activation of NF-kappaB by retinoids in T47D cells antagonizes the apoptosis triggered by the chemotherapeutic drugs etoposide, camptothecin or doxorubicin. Notably apoptosis induced by death ligands (i.e. TRAIL or antiFAS) is not antagonized by retinoids. That knockdown of cIAP2 expression by small interfering RNA does not alter the inhibition of etoposide-induced apoptosis by retinoids in T47D cells reveals that stimulation of cIAP2 expression is not the cause of their anti-apoptotic action. However, ectopic overexpression of a NF-kappaB repressor increases apoptosis by retinoids moderately and abrogates almost completely the retinoid-dependent inhibition of etoposide-induced apoptosis. Our data exclude cIAP2 and suggest that retinoids target other regulator(s) of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway to induce resistance to etoposide on certain breast cancer cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study shows an important role for the NF-kappaB pathway in retinoic acid signaling and retinoic acid-mediated resistance to cancer therapy-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells, independently of cIAP2. Our data support the use of NF-kappaB pathway activation as a marker for screening that will help to develop novel retinoids, or retinoid-based combination therapies with improved efficacy.</p

Attention to the people with substance-related disorders at spanish prisons

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaIntroducción: El consumo de drogas genera alteraciones a nivel biopsicosocial y puede dar lugar al ingreso en penitenciarías. La entrada en prisión supone un proceso de adaptación complejo, cuyas consecuencias aparecen durante la estancia en la penitenciaría y después de la misma, además de agravarse debido a la drogodependencia. Objetivo: Conocer la evidencia científica disponible referente al consumo de drogas en los centros penitenciarios españoles y las competencias que desarrolla enfermería relacionadas con esta problemática. Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión narrativa mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Cuiden, ScieLo España, Cinahl, Google Académico y Dialnet Plus. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 270 artículos cuyo título estaba relacionado con la temática. Finalmente fueron seleccionados 24 para la realización de la revisión. Se establecieron 3 grupos de contenidos: Características de la población drogadicta y/o penitenciaria, Intervenciones sanitarias y Competencias de Enfermería, contextualizados en España y Europa, buscando responder a los objetivos propuestos. Conclusiones: El abordaje de las drogodependencias en las cárceles debe ser multidisciplinar, asumiendo el carácter dinámico de nuestra sociedad. Es necesaria la visibilización de la profesión enfermera, definiendo sus funciones. Se busca el respeto de todos los derechos humanos, salvo el de libertad, y, asimismo, la reeducación y la reinserción social. Todo ello mediante la combinación de intervenciones que mejoren la excelencia en el cuidado.Introduction: Drug use can cause alterations at the biopsychosocial level and the entry into penitentiaries. This income involves a complex adaptative process, whose consequences are shown both during and after it, in addition to being aggravated by drug addiction. Objective: To know the scientific evidence that exists regarding to drug use in Spanish prisons and nursing competences related to the care in this field. Methodology: A narrative review was performed through a search on different electronic databases: PubMed, Cuiden, ScieLo España, Cinahl, Google Scholar and Dialnet Plus. Results: A total of 270 articles whose titles was related to the topic, were identified. Finally, 24 were selected for the review, and their content was classified into three categories: Characteristics of the drug and/or penitentiary population, Health interventions and Nursing apability, contextualized in Spain and Europe, seeking to respond to the proposed objectives. Conclusions: The approach to drug dependency in prisons should be a multidisciplinary task, being aware of the dynanism of our society. It is necessary the visibilization of the nursing profession, defining its competences. Respect for all human rights is required, except for freedom, and also social reinsertion and re-education. All through the combination of actions in order to reach for care excellence

A comparative study of experimental configurations in synchrotron pair distribution function

The identification and quantification of amorphous components and nanocrystalline phases with very small crystal sizes, smaller than ~3 nm, within samples containing crystalline phases is very challenging. However, this is important as there are several types of systems that contain these matrices: building materials, glass-ceramics, some alloys, etc. The total scattering synchrotron pair distribution function (PDF) can be used to characterize the local atomic order of the nanocrystalline components and to carry out quantitative analyses in complex mixtures. Although the resolution in momentum transfer space has been widely discussed, the resolution in the interatomic distance space has not been discussed to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report synchrotron PDF data collected at three beamlines in different experimental configurations and X-ray detectors. We not only discuss the effect of the resolution in Q-space, Qmax ins of the recorded data and Qmax of the processed data, but we also discuss the resolution in the interatomic distance (real) space. A thorough study of single-phase crystalline nickel used as standard was carried out. Then, selected cement-related samples including anhydrous tricalcium and dicalcium silicates, and pastes derived from the hydration of tricalcium silicate and ye’elimite with bassanite were analyzed.This work is part of the PhD of Mr. Jesus D. Zea-Garcia. This work was supported by Spanish MINECO and FEDER [BIA2017-82391-R research project and I3 [IEDI-2016-0079] program]

Combined effects of retinoic acid and histone deacetylase inhibitors on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

8 pages, 7 figures.-- El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.All-trans retinoic acid (RA) causes differentiation of neuroblastoma cells, and retinoids have been used in clinical trials in children with advanced neuroblastoma. Combination of RA with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) could result in improved antitumorigenic activity. We have examined the effect of the HDACi trichostatin A (TSA), sodium butyrate, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), alone and in combination with RA in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. At concentrations that cause sustained increase of histone H3 acetylation, HDACi produced extensive apoptotic cell death as shown by flow cytometry analysis and induction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis. HDACi inhibited SH-SY5Y cell growth at a much larger extent than RA. This compound did not cause apoptosis and did not further increase HDACi-mediated cell death. In contrast, both types of drugs cooperated to inhibit cell growth, although synergistic effects were not found. In surviving cells, HDACi repressed cyclin D1 expression and increased the cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKI) p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1). Cyclin D1 was not affected by RA, but this retinoid also increased CKI levels. Induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) by HDACi was further enhanced in the presence of RA. This effect seems to be at least partially due to transcriptional stimulation of CKI gene expression because both types of drugs cooperated to increase CKI mRNA levels and to activate the CKI promoters in transient transfection assays. These results show the strong antitumorigenic effects of HDACi in neuroblastoma cells and reinforce the idea that combination therapy could be useful to inhibit tumor growth.BFU2004 03465 from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, RD06/0020/0036 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, and by Fundación La Caixa. Maxy De los Santos is a fellow of Fundación Carolina.Peer reviewe

Synergy between RA and TLR3 promotes type I IFN-dependent apoptosis through upregulation of TRAIL pathway in breast cancer cells

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License.Due to its ability to regulate the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells, retinoic acid (RA) is considered a signaling molecule with promising therapeutic potential in oncology. In this study, we show that RA is able to induce the intrinsic ability of breast cancer cells to recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) through the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression. RA, co-administered with the dsRNA mimicker polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), synergizes to mount a specific response program able to sense dsRNA through the concurrent upregulation of TLR3, the dsRNA helicases melanoma differentiation-associated antigen-5 (MDA-5) and RA-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), and the dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) expression, leading breast cancer cells to specifically express downstream transcriptional targets of dsRNA sensors, such as interferon-β (IFNβ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and C-X-C motif Chemokine 10 (CXCL10). A TLR3-dependent apoptotic program is also induced by RA and poly(I:C) co-treatment that correlates with the induction of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and contributes to block breast cancer cell proliferation. The mechanisms of apoptosis induced by RA/poly(I:C) in breast cancer cells involve type I IFN autocrine signaling, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, as well as TRAIL signaling. Our results reveal important links among RA, TLR3 and TRAIL and highlight the combined use of RA and poly(I:C) as a potential effective tumor therapy by improving the apoptotic response of cancer cells with low sensitivity to the action of synthetic dsRNA.This work was supported by funds from the MICINN (SAF2007-63634 and SAF2010-21195), CSIC (201120E105), and Fundación Médica Mutua Madrileña (2005 0584). ARBV was supported by funds from the MICINN. AMJ-L is a recipient of a grant from the Spanish MICINN (Ramón y Cajal Program).Peer reviewe

Thyroid hormone antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in pituitary cells through the induction of dual specificity phosphatase 1

Pituitary function has been shown to be regulated by an increasing number of factors, including cytokines and hormones, such as TNF alpha and T-3. Both the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha and T-3 have been suggested to be involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the anterior pituitary gland. In this report we show that T-3 negatively interferes with MAPK p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation by TNF alpha in GH4C1 cells. Our data demonstrate that MAPK p38 is specifically activated upon exposure to TNF alpha and that T-3 abolishes this activation in a time-dependent manner by a mechanism that involves the induction of the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1. Our data show that the pool of up-regulated DUSP1 by T-3 is mainly localized to the cytosol, and that TNF alpha does not affect this localization. On the other hand, we show that T-3 impairs the activation of the NF-kappa B pathway induced by TNF alpha, producing a significant decrease in NF-kappa B-dependent transcription, phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha, translocation of p65/NF-kappa B to the nucleus, and p65/NF-kappa B transactivation potential. Interestingly, the overexpression of DUSP1 inhibits the NF-kappa B activation achieved by either TNF alpha or ectopic expression of the upstream inducer of MAPK p38. Conversely, DUSP1 depletion abrogates the inhibitory effect of T-3 on the induction of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription by TNF alpha. Overall, our results indicate that T-3 antagonizes TNF alpha signaling in rat pituitary tumor cells through the induction of DUSP1.This work was supported by grants from the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (2005X0615), from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI070832), from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (BFU2007-62402), from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (RD06/0020/0036) and the European grant CRESCENDO (FP-018652). M.L. is recipient of a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (“Ramón y Cajal” Program).Peer reviewe