Qualidade microbiológica da carne moída comercializada em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Beef is an excellent source of nutrients, being constantly used in meals. Among its derivatives, ground beef is highlighted as being a low-cost product, however, that food is a great culture medium due to factors that favor the multiplication of microorganisms that can cause infections. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of ground beef sold in the city of Natal-RN. Four commercial establishments were chosen, two supermarkets and two public markets in the region. At each site five samples were collected, weighing 200g each. Counts of total and fecal coliforms were made; Count standard plates coagulase-positive staphylococci and Salmonella spp. The results indicated that the average contamination of the samples by coliforms at 35 ° C were 80%, followed by 50% of ECP, 40% thermo tolerant coliforms and absence of Salmonella spp. in the samples. Based on current microbiological standards (RDC nº. 12 of January 12, 2001, ANvIsA) ground beef needs better hygienic-sanitary control, making it necessary to use good handling practices in the establishments in order to prevent risks to the health of consumers.A carne bovina é uma excelente fonte de nutrientes, sendo utilizada constantemente na alimentação. Entre seus derivados, a carne moída tem destaque por ser um produto de baixo custo, contudo, esse alimento constitui um ótimo meio de cultura devido a fatores que favorecem a multiplicação de microrganismos que podem causar infecções. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade microbiológica da carne moída comercializada na cidade de Natal-RN. Foram escolhidos quatro estabelecimentos comerciais, sendo dois supermercados e dois mercados públicos da região. Em cada local foram coletadas cinco amostras do produto pesando 200g cada. Foram realizadas as contagens de coliformes totais e termotolerantes; contagem padrão em placas de estafilococos coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a média de contaminação das amostras por coliformes a 35°C foi de 80%, seguida por 50% de ECP, 40% de coliformes termotolerantes e ausência de Salmonella spp. nas análises realizadas. Com base nos padrões microbiológicos vigentes (RDC nº12, de 12 de janeiro de 2001, ANvIsA), o produto necessita de melhor controle higiênico-sanitário, fazendo-se necessário o uso de boas práticas de manipulação nos estabelecimentos, a fim de evitar riscos à saúde do consumidor

Salada de frutas no conceito street food: avaliação da qualidade microbiológica

Eating out has become a necessity for a large portion of the population. The acquisition of fruit salad represents a supposedly healthy, affordable and practical option in the street food segment. However, the hygienic conditions are unknown to the consumers who buy them in the streets. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and sanitary-hygienic quality of fruit salads sold in street trades of three districts of downtown Natal/RN. Determination of coliforms at 35°C, coliforms at 45°C, detection of Salmonella sp. and Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus count in 25 samples. Microbiological parameters determined by the RDC nº 12, of 02/01/01 of aNVISA were adopted. The methodology used was based on the techniques described by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 2001). All samples presented coliforms at 35°C and 76% coliform at 45°C, (within the limit established by the current legislation); however 26% of these samples were positive for Escherichia coli. All presented absence of Salmonella sp. and 84% significant counts for Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus in the samples. Based on current microbiological standards the product needs better control at cleaning and manipulation, doing it is necessary to use best practices in stores, to avoid risks to consumers’ health.A alimentação fora de casa tornou-se uma necessidade para grande parcela da população. Nesse contexto, a aquisição de salada de frutas representa uma opção supostamente saudável, acessível e prática no segmento street food. Não obstante, as condições de higiene são desconhecidas pelos consumidores que as adquirem nas ruas. O presente trabalho objetivou, então, avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de saladas de frutas vendidas em comércios ambulantes de três bairros da grande Natal/RN. A determinação de coliformes a 35°C, coliformes a 45°C, pesquisa de Salmonella sp. e contagem de Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva foi realizada a partir de 25 amostras. Foram adotados os parâmetros microbiológicos determinados pela RDC Nº 12, de 02/01/01, da aNVISA. A metodologia utilizada foi fundamentada nas técnicas descritas pela American Public Health Association (APHA, 2001). Todas as amostras apresentaram coliformes a 35°C e 76% coliformes a 45°C (dentro do limite estabelecido pela legislação vigente); entretanto, 26% delas revelaram-se positivas para Escherichia coli. Todas apresentaram ausência de Salmonella sp. e 84% contagens significativas de Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva. Com base nos padrões microbiológicos vigentes, o produto necessita de melhor controle na higienização e na manipulação, fazendo-se necessário o uso de boas práticas nos estabelecimentos, a fim de evitar riscos à saúde do consumidor

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DO CALDO DE CANA COMERCIALIZADO POR AMBULANTES NA CIDADE DE NATAL-RN /MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CANE JUICE MARKETED ON NATAL-RN CITY

O caldo de cana é uma bebida comercializada por ambulantes e consumida como suco de forma in natura encontrado em lanchonetes ou feiras livres. A extração do caldo vem da cana-de-açúcar de forma artesanal pelo equipamento chamado moenda. Muitas vezes os locais que comercializam esse produto não possuem condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas durante o processo de manipulação, dos utensílios e equipamentos utilizados na fabricação do caldo, podendo desta forma, causar doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA’s) à população que consome esse tipo de produto. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade microbiológica das amostras do caldo de cana comercializado por ambulantes na cidade de Natal-RN, por meio da técnica do número mais provável, onde foram realizadas pesquisas de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e de Salmonella spp. Foram analisados 5 locais em regiões diferenciadas da cidade (zona leste, centro e zona sul) e coletados um total de 25 amostras, no qual em cada local foram colhidos 5 amostras de 200ml do produto pesquisado. Verificou-se que as amostras analisadas apresentaram contagens acima dos padrões da Resolução vigente – RDC 12/2001 – para coliformes totais (100%) e termotolerantes (40%). Em relação a Salmonella spp todas as amostras apresentaram resultados ausentes. Estes resultados mostram a necessidade de treinamentos referentes a manipulação segura e práticas higiênico-sanitárias adequadas com os manipuladores desse tipo de comércio

Análise centesimal e comparativa de suplementos de proteínas do soro do leite bovino: Whey Protein

Comparative and centesimal analysis of Whey Protein supplementsIntroduction: It is common to buy protein supplements for fitness enthusiasts. Whey proteins are extracted from the aqueous portion of milk during the cheese making process. Athletes, fitness enthusiasts and even carry diseases seek the benefits of this protein. Aims: To evaluate the nutritional composition of the formulation and accurate labeling. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Food Science of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte University. 5 diverse proteins were analyzed. We carried out the physical and chemical determinations of moisture, ash, crude fiber, total lipids, proteins (conversion factor of 6.38) according to the methodology specified by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and the fraction NIFEXT (carbohydrate) was obtained by difference. Results and discussion: Amounts of proteins were in the approximate composition: A 18.80 % B 67.42 % C 58.58 % D 62.10% and 27.62% in sample E. Have similarities caloric values of A, C and E, as well as proteins B, C and D, carbohydrates only the sample A showed similar values when compared to the label as well as lipid values of sample D. Analyzing fibers, the brand C showed compliance with labeling and sample D similar values. Conclusion: There was disagreement between the values shown on the labels and those found in laboratory analysis.Introdução: É comum a compra de suplementos proteicos por praticantes de atividades físicas. As proteínas do soro são extraídas da porção aquosa do leite, durante o processo de fabricação do queijo. Atletas, praticantes de atividades físicas e até portadores de doenças buscam os benefícios dessa proteína. Objetivos: Avaliar a composição nutricional da formulação e a fidedignidade da rotulagem. Metodologia: O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Foram analisadas 5 proteínas diversificadas. Efetuaram-se as determinações físico-químicas de umidade, cinzas, fibra bruta, lipídios totais, proteínas (fator de conversão de 6,38), de acordo com a metodologia indicada pela Association Of Official Analytical Chemists e a fração NIFEXT (carboidrato) foi obtida por diferença. Resultados e discussão: Valores de proteínas na composição química centesimal foram: A 18,80%, B 67,42%, C 58,58%, D 62,10% e na amostra E 27,62%. Apresentam semelhanças os valores calóricos de A, C e E, assim como proteínas de B, C e D, carboidratos apenas a amostra A apresentou semelhança de valores quando comparado ao rótulo, bem como os valores de lipídios da amostra D. Analisando fibras, a marca C evidenciou conformidade com a rotulagem e a amostra D valores similares. Conclusão: Houve divergência entre os valores apresentados nos rótulos e os encontrados na análise laboratorial.

Atlantic flower–invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits

Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower–invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower–invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.Fil: Boscolo, Danilo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Nobrega Rodrigues, Bárbara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Patrícia Alves. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Lopes, Luciano Elsinor. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Tonetti, Vinicius Rodrigues. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Reis dos Santos, Isabela Cristhina. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Hiruma Lima, Juliana Akemi. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nery, Laura. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Baptista de Lima, Karoline. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Perozi, Jéssica. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Freitas, André Victor Lucci. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Felipe Viana, Blandina. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Antunes Carvalho, Caio. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Amorim, Dalton de Souza. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Freitas de Oliveira, Favízia. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Groppo, Milton. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Absy, Maria Lúcia. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Almeida Scabbia, Renata Jimenez. Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes; BrasilFil: Alves Araújo, Anderson. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: de Amorim, Felipe Wanderley. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Antiqueira, Pablo Augusto Poleto. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Antonini, Yasmine. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; BrasilFil: Aoki, Camila. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: dos Santos Aragão, Daniele. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: Balbino, Tais Cristina Teixeira. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: da Silva Ferreira Bandeira, Michele. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Bruno Corrêa. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: de Vasconcellos Barbosa, Maria Regina. Universidade Federal Da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Machado de Souza, Tatiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Galetto, Leonardo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin