STRATEGI TAMAN BUDAYA JAWA TIMUR DALAM MENANAMKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME (CINTA SENI DAN BUDAYA DAERAH) PADA MASYARAKAT KOTA SURABAYA

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh deskripsi tentang strategi yang dilakukan Taman Budaya Jawa Timur dalam menanamkan karakter cinta seni dan budaya daerah. Lokasi penelitian di Taman Budaya Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data diperoleh dari pengelola TBJT, pelatih sanggar, salah seorang penjual yang cukup lama di TBJT, dan salah seorang wali murid sanggar “Irgan”. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi-strategi yang dilakukan Taman Budaya Jawa Timur dalam menanamkan karakter cinta seni dan budaya daerah berperan cukup aktif, diantaranya: (1) gelar seni budaya daerah(GSBD); (2) kegiatan umum (kegiatan diluar pergelaran yang terjadwal) seperti thalia music club; kemudian (3) pelatihan sanggar; (4) temu seniman, workshop, lokakarya, seminar; (5) kunjungan bus “sampoerna”; (6) spanduk; dan (7) kalender acara.  Kata Kunci: strategi Taman Budaya Jawa Timur, mencintai seni dan budaya daerah.   Abstract The purpose of this research is have a description about the strategy took by Taman Budaya Jawa Timur in infuse character love of the fine arts and local culture. Research sites at Taman Budaya Jawa Timur. This research used a qualitative approach, data were collected by using observation, deep interview, and documentation. Informants the research is TBJT management, coach studios, one seller that a long day at TBJT, and one of the students “Irgan” studios. Data were collected by using observation, interview, and documentation. The result of the research indicate that the strategies TBJT to infuse character love of the fine arts and local culture with had a role quite active, including degree (1) the art of local culture (GSBD); (2) the general activity (activity out who a schedule) like a thalia music club; (3) then training studio; (4) common ground artist, workshop, seminars; (5) visits bus of “sampoerna”; (6) banners; and (7) event of calendar. Keywords: strategy of Taman Budaya Jawa Timur, love of art and local culture

Separation of soil organic phosphorus compounds using reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography

Methods were developed for the extraction and separation of soil organic phosphorus compounds using reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography (RP-ICP). Nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) were separated using a mobile phase of 15 mM TBAHS, 15 mM KH2PO4, and 7% acetonitrile. Inositol hexakisphosphate was separated using a mobile phase composition of 0.05 M formic acid:methanol (49:51 v/v) and 1.5 mL/100 mL of TBAOH. Extraction procedures were developed for the nucleotides which would be compatible with the RP-ICP system developed for their separation

Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants in Idaho Soils

Soil P testing is critical to ensure the accuracy of fertilizer recommendations and to optimize crop yield while minimizing negative environmental consequences. Olsen-P is the most commonly used soil P test for alkaline calcareous soils found in Idaho and the western United States. The Bray- 1 test is commonly used in the Pacific Northwest on neutral to acidic soils but underestimates P in alkaline calcareous soils. Mehlich-3 has been evaluated throughout various regions in the United States. Few data evaluating Mehlich-3 exist for soils in the western United States. Additionally, the comparatively newly developed Haney–Haney–Hossner–Arnold (H3A) test, a component of the soil health tool, has not been widely evaluated on alkaline calcareous soils. Soil samples from the 0- to 30-cm depth were collected from agricultural fields throughout Idaho and analyzed with Bray-1, H3A, Mehlich-3, and Olsen-P extractants. The results indicate that Olsen-P was correlated with Mehlich-3, whereas Bray-1 and H3A were not correlated with Olsen-P. Both Bray-1 and H3A resulted in lower values of extractable P than the Olsen-P test, whereas Mehlich-3 resulted in greater values. A threshold point in CaCO3 (i.e., inorganic C) of 6.7 and 5.1 mg kg-1 for the Bray-1 and H3A was obtained, respectively, which indicated that inorganic C concentrations at or above these levels resulted in a reduction in extractable soil P. Thus Mehlich-3 could be evaluated for use in alkaline calcareous soils, whereas Bray-1 and H3A have notable issues that would limit their applicability

Using soil texture to guide variable-rate nitrogen fertilization

Variable-rate fertilization is becoming a common practice in the US. Many producers are applying phosphorus and potassium at site-specific rates that take into account local factors that affect nutrient availability, crop growth and yield potential. Phosphorus and potassium are relatively immobile in the soil and soil testing can be effectively used to map the plant available concentration in the soil. Fertilizer spread maps are created from interpolations of these samples. Nitrogen, however, is very mobile in the soil. Sampling is only meaningful until the next rain or irrigation. Nitrogen is highly affected by soil moisture and rainfall. It is more difficult to create fertilizer spread maps based on soil N test values. Nitrogen availability for crop growth is related to many soil factors. These factors include organic matter, soil texture, topography, aspect, residues and previous crop. Of these, soil texture has a large effect on N availability because it effects water holding capacity. Nitrogen movement in the soil is highly related to water movement. Coarse textured soils have higher infiltration rates and lower water holding capacity. Fine textured soils have lower infiltration rates but high water holding capacity. The combination of irrigation management and soil texture greatly affects the N availability to a crop. In a site-specific management study by Machado et al. (2002), it was pointed out that although the spatial variability of crop yields depends on the interaction between many physical and biological factors, the effects of soil physical properties on crop yield is predictable and therefore useful in variable rate technology. Nitrogen is an important factor in the growth of most crops, especially in sugar beets where it directly affects yield, sugar content and quality. With many crops the cost of applying too much nitrogen is the cost of the excess fertilizer and application as well as the environmental impact that is not a direct cost to the grower. However, applying too much nitrogen to sugar beets will reduce sugar content and quality, which is a direct cost to the grower. (Humburg and Stange, 1999). This paper will present the results of a variable rate N study and the importance of texture in determining the N rate and yield and yield quality

Cycling Phosphorus and Nitrogen through Cropping Systems in an Intensive Dairy Production Region

As pressure on the dairy industry to reduce its environmental impact increases, efficient recycling of manure nutrients through local cropping systems becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to calculate annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) budgets in six counties located in the Magic Valley, Idaho and estimate what distance manure would need to be transported to be in balance with crop nutrient demand given current dairy cattle populations and cropping systems. Our analysis suggests that crop N needs will not be met solely by manure, and synthetic fertilizer will need to be applied. However, to balance P with crop production, manure would need to be transported a minimum of 12.9 km from dairies and would have to replace synthetic fertilizer P on 91% of regional cropland. Education of producers and technical specialists would be necessary to improve the management of manure use in regional cropping systems. Technical solutions such as alternative diets for cattle and nutrient capture from manure streams will also likely be necessary to bring regional P into balance to protect environmental quality and improve the sustainability of the regional dairy industry

Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and non-ferrous foundries

Waste molding and core sands from the foundry industry have been successfully used around the world as byproducts in geotechnical and agricultural applications. Although waste foundry sands (WFSs) are generally not considered hazardous in nature, relevant data are not available in Argentina. This study aimed to quantify metals in waste molding and core sands from foundries using a variety of metal-binder combinations. Metal concentrations in WFSs were compared to those in virgin silica sands (VSSs), surface soil and soil guidance levels according to hazardous waste law 24.051 from the Argentinean Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development. A total analysis for Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Te, Tl, V, and Zn was conducted on 96 WFSs and 14 VSSs collected from 17 small and medium-sized foundries. The majority of WFSs analyzed, regardless of metal cast and binder type, contained elemental concentrations similar to those found in virgin sands and native soils. In several cases where alkyd urethane binder was used, Co and Pb concentrations were elevated in the waste sands. Elevated Cr, Mo, Ni, and Tl concentrations associated with the virgin sands should not be an issue since these elements are bound within the silica sand matrix. Because of the naturally low elemental concentrations found in most WFSs examined in this study, they should not be considered hazardous waste, thus making them available for encapsulated and unencapsulated beneficial use applications.Facultad de Ingenierí

Ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure

Manure application to land and deposition of urine and dung by grazing animals are major sources of ammonia (NH3 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions. Using data on NH3 and N2 O emissions following land-applied manures and excreta deposited during grazing, emission factors (EFs) disaggregated by climate zone were developed, and the effects of mitigation strategies were evaluated. The NH3 data represent emissions from cattle and swine manures in temperate wet climates, and the N2 O data include cattle, sheep, and swine manure emissions in temperate wet/dry and tropical wet/dry climates. The NH3 EFs for broadcast cattle solid manure and slurry were 0.03 and 0.24 kg NH3 -N kg-1 total N (TN), respectively, whereas the NH3 EF of broadcast swine slurry was 0.29. Emissions from both cattle and swine slurry were reduced between 46 and 62% with low-emissions application methods. Land application of cattle and swine manure in wet climates had EFs of 0.005 and 0.011 kg N2 O-N kg-1 TN, respectively, whereas in dry climates the EF for cattle manure was 0.0031. The N2 O EFs for cattle urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0095 and 0.002 kg N2 O-N kg-1 TN, respectively, which were three times greater than for dry climates. The N2 O EFs for sheep urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0043 and 0.0005, respectively. The use of nitrification inhibitors reduced emissions in swine manure, cattle urine/dung, and sheep urine by 45-63%. These enhanced EFs can improve national inventories; however, more data from poorly represented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) are needed

DATAMAN: A global database of nitrous oxide and ammonia emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure

Nitrous oxide (N2 O), ammonia (NH3 ), and methane (CH4 ) emissions from the manure management chain of livestock production systems are important contributors to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and NH3 emitted by human activities. Several studies have evaluated manure-related emissions and associated key variables at regional, national, or continental scales. However, there have been few studies focusing on the drivers of these emissions using a global dataset. An international project was created (DATAMAN) to develop a global database on GHG and NH3 emissions from the manure management chain (housing, storage, and field) to identify key variables influencing emissions and ultimately to refine emission factors (EFs) for future national GHG inventories and NH3 emission reporting. This paper describes the "field" database that focuses on N2 O and NH3 EFs from land-applied manure and excreta deposited by grazing livestock. We collated relevant information (EFs, manure characteristics, soil properties, and climatic conditions) from published peer-reviewed research, conference papers, and existing databases. The database, containing 5,632 observations compiled from 184 studies, was relatively evenly split between N2 O and NH3 (56 and 44% of the EF values, respectively). The N2 O data were derived from studies conducted in 21 countries on five continents, with New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Brazil representing 86% of the data. The NH3 data originated from studies conducted in 17 countries on four continents, with the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, and The Netherlands representing 79% of the data. Wet temperate climates represented 90% of the total database. The DATAMAN field database is available at http://www.dataman.co.nz

Nutritional and environmental effects on ammonia emissions from dairy cattle housing: A meta-analysis

Nitrogen (N) excreted in urine by dairy cows can be potentially transformed to ammonia (NH3) and emitted to the atmosphere. Dairy production contributes to NH3 emission, which can create human respiratory problems and odor issues, reduces manure quality, and is an indirect source of nitrous oxide (N2O). The objective of this study was to (i) investigate environmental factors and measurement method that influence NH3 from dairy housing, and (ii) identify key explanatory variables in the prediction of NH3 emissions from dairy barns using a meta-analytical approach. Data from 25 studies were used for the preliminary analysis and data from 10 studies reporting 87 treatment means were used for the meta-analysis. Season, flooring type, manure handling and housing type and system significantly affected NH3 emission rates as well as the measurement method used to quantify the NH3 emission. Ammonia emissions rates from open-lot and scrape systems were considerably greater and those from deep pit systems lower compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimates used in national inventory calculations. For nutritional effect analysis, the between-study variability (heterogeneity) of the mean emission was estimated using random-effect models and had a significant effect (P < 0.01). Therefore, random-effect models were extended to mixed-effect models to explain heterogeneity. Available dietary and animal variables were included as fixed effects in the mixed-effect models. The final mixed-effect model included dietary crude protein, milk yield and dry matter intake, explaining 45.5% of the heterogeneity in NH3 emissions. A unit increase in milk yield (kg/d) resulted in 4.9 g cow/d reduction in NH3 emissions, and a unit increase in diet crude protein content (%) and dry matter intake (kg/d) resulted in 10.2 and 16.3 g cow/d increase in NH3 emissions, respectively. Ammonia emissions from dairy barns are driven by several factors including housing system, season and diet. Crude protein content of the diet, dry matter intake and milk production are important animal related factors that significantly affect ammonia emission from dairy facilities