Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health

Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health

3D phase contrast MRI in models of human airways: Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady inspiratory flow

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of airflow patterns in the large airways is of interest in obstructive airways disease and in the development of inhaled therapies. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to study airflow in realistic airway models but usually need experimental validation. PURPOSE: To develop MRI-based methods to study airway flow in realistic 3D-printed models. STUDY TYPE: Case control. PHANTOM: Two 3D-printed lung models. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5-3T, flow MRI. ASSESSMENT: Two human airway models, respectively including and excluding the oral cavity and upper airways derived from MR and CT imaging, were 3D-printed. 3D flow MRI was performed at different flow conditions corresponding to slow and steady airflow inhalation rates. Water was used as the working fluid to mimic airflow. Dynamic acquisition of 1D velocity profiles was also performed at different locations in the trachea to observe variability during nonsteady conditions. STATISTICAL TESTS: Linear regression analysis to compare both flow velocity fields and local flow rates from CFD simulations and experimental measurement with flow MRI. RESULTS: A good agreement was obtained between 3D velocity maps measured with flow MRI and predicted by CFD simulations, with linear regression R-squared values ranging from 0.39 to 0.94 when performing a pixel-by-pixel comparison of each velocity component. The flow distribution inside the lung models was also similar, with average slope and R-squared values of 0.96 and 0.99, respectively, when comparing local flow rates assessed at different branching locations. In the model including the upper airways, a turbulent laryngeal jet flow was observed with both methods and affected remarkably the velocity profiles in the trachea. DATA CONCLUSION: We propose flow MRI using water as a surrogate fluid to air, as a validation tool for CFD simulations of airflow in geometrically realistic models of the human airways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018

Identification and Classification of Conserved RNA Secondary Structures in the Human Genome

The discoveries of microRNAs and riboswitches, among others, have shown functional RNAs to be biologically more important and genomically more prevalent than previously anticipated. We have developed a general comparative genomics method based on phylogenetic stochastic context-free grammars for identifying functional RNAs encoded in the human genome and used it to survey an eight-way genome-wide alignment of the human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, dog, chicken, zebra-fish, and puffer-fish genomes for deeply conserved functional RNAs. At a loose threshold for acceptance, this search resulted in a set of 48,479 candidate RNA structures. This screen finds a large number of known functional RNAs, including 195 miRNAs, 62 histone 3′UTR stem loops, and various types of known genetic recoding elements. Among the highest-scoring new predictions are 169 new miRNA candidates, as well as new candidate selenocysteine insertion sites, RNA editing hairpins, RNAs involved in transcript auto regulation, and many folds that form singletons or small functional RNA families of completely unknown function. While the rate of false positives in the overall set is difficult to estimate and is likely to be substantial, the results nevertheless provide evidence for many new human functional RNAs and present specific predictions to facilitate their further characterization

L'adaptation du traitement des entreprises en difficulté par la loi "J21", enjeux théoriques et pratiques J21 : une piqûre de rappel sur la prévention ?

National audienc

L’adaptation du traitement des entreprises en difficulté par la loi « J21 » : enjeux théoriques

La loi du 18 novembre 2016 dite de modernisation de la justice du XXe siècle a entrepris de modifier le droit des entreprises en difficulté. Vaste programme qui doit s’adapter aux mouvances d’une matière plusieurs fois réformée. Si la loi J21 n 'approche qu ’en surface ce domaine du Code de commerce Livre VI, il convient d’analyser sa réception par les différents acteurs du droit, universitaires et praticiens. Parmi les nombreuses réformes des procédures collectives, une donnée reste constante, la santé du débiteur principal est mise à rude épreuve. Ainsi, travailler sur la réforme de ce point de vue amène à la conclusion que les évolutions législatives restent évasives sur l’aspect humain de la procédure judiciaire.Apiou Sarah. L’adaptation du traitement des entreprises en difficulté par la loi « J21 » : enjeux théoriques. In: Revue juridique de l'Ouest, 2018-1. pp. 75-85

Etude in-vitro de l'internalisation de Porphyromonas gingivalis dans la cellule pariétale gingivale

RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF