History of endemic Hawaiian birds. Introduction

Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in. In order to view these files properly you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher.The history of endemic Hawaiian birds is developed in three major parts. Narrative accounts of 69 taxa, based on records since 1778, are detailed in Part I. Major ecological factors of population changes, such as depletion of food by foreign organisms, predation, disease, and habitat alteration, are treated in Part II. Chronological, geographical, and ecological elements of avian depopulation are synthesized and offered with conclusions in Part III. The Introduction states the objectives, lists the endemic avifauna, defines the historical scope, and outlines the complete work.Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; National Park Service Contract No. CX 8000 8 001

The Invention of Palestinian Citizenship, 1918-1947

Explores the colonial, social and political history of the creation of citizenship in mandate Palestine In the two decades after the First World War, nationality and citizenship in Palestine became less like abstract concepts for the Arab population and more like meaningful statuses integrated into political, social and civil life and as markers of civic identity in a changing society. This book situates the evolution of citizenship at the centre of state formation under the quasi-colonial mandate administration in Palestine. It emphasises the ways in which British officials crafted citizenship to be separate from nationality based on prior colonial legislation elsewhere, a view of the territory as divided communally, and the need to offer Jewish immigrants the easiest path to acquisition of Palestinian citizenship in order to uphold the mandate’s policy. In parallel, the book examines the reactions of the Arab population to their new status. It argues that the Arabs relied heavily on their pre-war experience as nationals of the Ottoman Empire to negotiate the definitions and meanings of mandate citizenship. Key features Covers the overlapping social, administrative and political eras in the creation of Palestinian citizenship, from the final decades of the Ottoman imperial age through the first two decades of the mandate Explores a transitional period in Palestine’s history that has seen little nuanced historical research Places the development of the changing status of citizenship in mandate Palestine in its historical context Approaches the ‘invention’ of citizenship in Palestine through a number of frameworks: the wider British imperial project, the development of Arab populist politics and civil society, and the circulation of ideas to and from the Palestinian Arab diaspora Incorporates a number of under-used and un-used Arabic press and other documentary source

A homozygous genome‐edited Sept2‐EGFP fibroblast cell line

Septins are a conserved, essential family of GTPases that interact with actin, microtubules, and membranes and form scaffolds and diffusion barriers in cells. Several of the 13 known mammalian septins assemble into nonpolar, multimeric complexes that can further polymerize into filamentous structures. While some GFP‐coupled septins have been described, overexpression of GFP‐tagged septins often leads to artifacts in localization and function. To overcome this ubiquitous problem, we have here generated a genome‐edited rat fibroblast cell line expressing Septin 2 (Sept2) coupled to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from both chromosomal loci. We characterize these cells by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genomic integration, by western blot and reverse transcriptase‐PCR for expression, by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation for the colocalization of septins with one another and cellular structures and for complex formation of different septins. By live cell imaging, proliferation and migration assays we investigate proper function of septins in these cells. We find that EGFP is incorporated into both chromosomal loci and only EGFP‐coupled Sept2 is expressed in homozygous cells. We find that endogenous Sept2‐EGFP exhibits expression levels, localization and incorporation into cellular septin complexes similar to the wt in these cells. The expression level of other septins is not perturbed and cell division and cell migration proceed normally. We expect our cell line to be a useful tool for the cell biology of septins, especially for quantitative biology