77 research outputs found
Physical activity assessment in the general population; validated self-report methods.
Los cuestionarios auto-administrados han sido comúnmente utilizados en los estudios con grandes cohortes con el fin de evaluar la actividad física de sus
participantes. Como consecuencia de ello, existe una
considerable cantidad de evidencias científicas sobre el
efecto protector de la actividad física sobre la salud. Sin
embargo, los estudios de validación que utilizan métodos
objetivos para la cuantificación de la actividad física o el
gasto energético (el agua doblemente marcada, los acelerómetros, los podómetros, etc.) indican que la precisión de los cuestionarios es limitada. Los cuestionarios de actividad física pueden fallar especialmente al estimar la actividad física no vigorosa, y suelen centrarse de forma desproporcionada en los tipos de ejercicios planificados (ir en bicicleta, correr, andar,…), mientras que no suelen recoger las actividades de la vida diaria y movimientos de intensidad más moderada no planificada. La estimación del gasto energético a partir de estos datos no es recomendable. Por otro lado, y a pesar de que los métodos objetivos deberían de ser la primera elección a la hora de evaluar la actividad física, los cuestionarios se mantienen como herramientas válidas y con muchas ventajas, una de ellas, el bajo coste. Este tipo de instrumentos están específicamente diseñados y validados para diferentes grupos de edad y proporcionan información valiosa e importante, sobre todo, del patrón de actividad física. Los futuros estudios requieren de más precisión a la hora de medir la actividad física respecto a la que proporcionan los cuestionarios. Podemos concluir que probablemente un método mixto que combine los métodos objetivos y subjetivos y que incluya nuevos sistemas y registros electrónicos sería lo recomendable
Effects of Impulsivity on Competitive Anxiety in Female Athletes: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness Trait
It has been demonstrated that athletes in competitive sports suffer from high levels of competitive anxiety, especially in the case of females. In this sense, it is necessary to identify possible risk and protective factors of those athletes in this collective who suffer from this type of anxiety. However, few studies analyze the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and anxiety, identifying the possible mediation effect of trait variables such as impulsivity and mindfulness in female athletes. Hence, the aims of this study were: to determine differences between PA levels with anxiety, mindfulness, and impulsiveness; to identify the predictive value of sociodemographic factors and physical activity, impulsivity, and mindfulness on anxiety factors; and to analyze the possible mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between impulsivity and anxiety. A total of 242 female athletes underwent an assessment of physical activity, anxiety, mindfulness traits, and impulsivity using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed according to (1) individual or collective sport, and (2) PA levels according to energy expended (METs min/day). Participants were grouped by light, moderate, and vigorous PA levels. There were 30.5% elite athletes and 73.2% collective sports athletes. Mean age was 22.1 years and mean light, moderate, and vigorous PA were 86.1 ± 136.2, 114.4 ± 159.8, and 370.1 ± 336.3 METs min/day, respectively. Those athletes performing vigorous PA exhibited lower levels of impulsiveness and higher mindfulness traits. As expected, the mindfulness trait was a mediating factor in the relationship between impulsiveness and each factor of competitive anxiety (cognitive, somatic, and self-efficacy). Female athletes could suffer competitive anxiety, especially those who present higher levels of impulsivity. However, higher levels of mindfulness traits seem to be a protective factor in the effects of impulsivity on anxiety in this population and have demonstrated to be significant mediators in this association. Further studies are needed with other female athletes to replicate these results and to determine the specific protective mechanisms of mindfulness traits in preventing competitive anxiety
Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study
Active commuting (AC) has been proposed as a great opportunity to increase physical
activity level (PA) in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study is to determine the
associations between AC (walk and cycle commuting) and non-AC (motor vehicle commuting) with
PA levels, and with AC and sedentarism in Spanish children and adolescents. A representative Spanish
sample of 424 children and adolescents (38% females) was involved in the ANIBES (Anthropometry,
Dietary Intake and Lifestyle in Spain) Study in 2013. Data on the levels of AC, non-AC, PA,
and sedentarism were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents.
Stepwise backward univariate generalized linear and linear regression models were performed.
In girls, walking was associated with playground PA, moderate PA, and moderate to vigorous PA
(MVPA) (beta = 0.007, p < 0.05; both beta = 0.007, p < 0.01), respectively. In boys, walking was associated
with all PA levels (p < 0.05); while cycling was related to moderate PA and MVPA (both beta = 0.007,
p < 0.05). A negative significant association was observed between AC and time spent studying
without Internet use in boys ( beta = -0.184, p < 0.05). Commuting by walking contributes to increased
daily PA in both sexes, whereas cycling was only related to moderate PA and MVPA in boys. Sedentary
behaviors are not related to AC, but studying without Internet use was negatively associated with
AC in boys.The ANIBES study was financially supported by a grant from Coca-Cola Iberia through an agreement
with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)
Are Physical Activity and Sedentary Screen Time Levels Associated With Food Consumption in European Adolescents? The HELENA Study
Objective: One of the current main public health problems is the prevalence of obesity in children. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as poor dietary habits, high sedentary screen time (SST), and low levels of physical activity (PA) have a strong tendency to track from childhood into adulthood. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the association between meeting or not meeting the PA and SST recommendations and the consumption of different food groups.
Method: Data were obtained from a sample of European adolescents from the multicenter cross-sectional HELENA study. In all, 1448 adolescents from 8 cities were included. PA was objectively measured by accelerometry and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary records. Adolescents were grouped according to PA and SST recommendations.
Results: In both sexes, intake of savory snacks was higher in those groups who did not meet any of the recommendations (p < 0.05). For males, those who met both recommendations were more likely to drink/eat milk, yogurt, and water (p < 0.05). Those not meeting recommendations were more likely to drink sugar-sweetened beverages (p < 0.05). For females, those not meeting recommendations were less likely to eat fruits and vegetables and more likely to have a higher intake of fats and oils (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Those adolescents meeting PA and SST recommendations had a higher intake of healthy foods, like fruit and vegetables and dairy products. However, the negative relationship unhealthier food and SST is stronger in males independently of PA. More studies assessing the combined effect of both PA and SST regarding dietary habits in children and adolescents are needed
Is Energy Expenditure or Physical Activity Considered When Energy Intake Is Measured? A Scoping Review 1975-2015
Support from the Spanish Nutrition Society (SEN) is highly acknowledged.The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10
.3390/nu13093262/s1, Excel data review results.The health-transitions humans have delivered during the 20th Century associated with the nutrition is that from undernutrition to obesity, which perseveres in the current years of the 21st Century. Energy intake (EI) is a contributing factor and therefore a fascination in nutritional sciences. However, energy expenditure (EE) has not been usually considered as a conjoint factor. Thus, this study aimed to review if studies on adults consider data on dietary intake, specifically EI, and included data on EE and physical activity (PA). A search of MEDLINE from 1975 to December 2015 was managed. Our scoping review consisted of keywords related to EI, dietary allowances, and nutritional requirements. From 2229 acknowledged articles, 698 articles were finally taken fulfilling inclusion and quality criteria. A total of 2,081,824 adults (53.7% females) were involved, and most studies had been conducted in EEUU (241), Canada (42), Australia (30), Japan (32), and Brazil (14). In Europe, apart from UK (64), the Netherlands (31) and France (26) led the classification, followed by Sweden (18), Denmark (17), and France (26). Mediterranean countries are represented with 27 studies. A total of 76.4% did not include EE and 93.1% did not include PA. Only 23.6% of the studies contained both EI and EE. A large methodological diversity was perceived, with more than 14 different methods regarding EI, and more than 10 for EE. PA was only analyzed in scarce articles, and scarcely considered for interpretation of data and conclusions. Moreover, PA was often measured by subjective questionnaires. Dietary surveys show a large diversity regarding methodology, which makes comparability of studies difficult. EE and PA are missing in around 80% of studies or are not included in the interpretation of results. Conclusions regarding EI or diet adequacy in adults should not be taken without analyzing EE and PA.Spanish Nutrition Society (SEN
Relative validation of the adapted Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents by comparison with nutritional biomarkers and nutrient and food intakes: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
Objective: To investigate whether adherence to the adapted Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents (MDS_A) and the adapted Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (KIDMED_A) is associated with better food/nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers.
Design: The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study is a cross-sectional study aiming to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in European adolescents aged 12 center dot 5-17 center dot 5 years.
Setting: Nine European countries. Participants: European adolescents (n 2330) recruited to the HELENA study. Dietary intake was obtained with 24 h dietary recalls, an FFQ and a Food Choices and Preferences questionnaire. MDS_A was calculated as a categorical variable using cut-offs (MDS_A), as a continuous variable (zMDS_A) and with energy adjustments (zEnMDS_A). The KIDMED_A score was also calculated.
Results: Multilevel linear regression analysis showed positive associations for zMDS_A and KIDMED_A with serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, plasma folate, holo-transcobalamin, beta-carotene and n-3 fatty acids, while negative associations were observed with trans-fatty acid serum levels. For categorical indices, blood biomarkers showed few significant results. zMDS_A and KIDMED_A showed positive associations with vegetables and fruits intake, and negative associations with energy-dense and low-nutritious foods. zMDS_A and KIDMED_A were positively associated with all macronutrients, vitamins and minerals (all P < 0 center dot 0001), except with monosaccharides and PUFA for KIDMED_A and cholesterol for both indices (P < 0 center dot 05).
Conclusions: zMDS_A and KIDMED_A have shown the strongest associations with the dietary indicators and biomarkers that have been associated with the Mediterranean diet before, and are therefore considered the most appropriate and valid Mediterranean diet scores for European adolescents
Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin and Vitamin B6 in a Representative Sample of the Spanish Population. The ANIBES Study
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6 are essential micronutrients that are mainly
involved in energy metabolism; they may prevent the occurrence of developmental abnormalities
and chronic degenerative and neoplastic diseases. The aim was to analyze dietary intake and
food sources of those four nutrients in subjects (n = 2009) aged 9–75 years old from the Spanish
ANIBES (Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity,
socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain) study. Dietary data were collected by means of a validated,
photo-based three-day dietary food record. Underreporting was analysed according to the European
Food and Safety Authority (EFSA, Parma, Italy) protocol. Mean (max–min) reported intake for the
whole population of thiamin was 1.17 0.02 mg/day, (0.30–3.44 mg/day), riboflavin 1.44 0.02
mg/day, (0.37–3.54 mg/day), niacin 29.1 0.2 mg/day (6.7–109 mg/day), and vitamin B6 1.54 0.01
mg/day (0.28–9.30 mg/day). The main sources of intake for thiamin, niacin, and vitamin B6 were
meat and meat products, and for riboflavin were milk and dairy products. An elevated percentage of
the Spanish ANIBES population meets the EFSA recommended intakes for thiamin (71.2%), riboflavin
(72.0%), niacin (99.0%), and vitamin B6 (77.2%).The ANIBES study was financially supported by a grant from Coca-Cola Iberia through an agreement
with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)
Association between physical fitness and b-vitamin status in spanish elderly people.
Comunicación oral en el congreso "Nutrition at Key life stages: new findings, new approaches conferences"
Physical Activity Patterns of the Spanish Population Are Mostly Determined by Sex and Age: Findings in the ANIBES Study
Background
Representative data for the Spanish population regarding physical activity (PA) behaviors
are scarce and seldom comparable due to methodological inconsistencies.
Aim
Our objectives were to describe the PA behavior by means of the standardized self-reported
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and to know the proportion of the Spanish
population meeting and not meeting international PA recommendations.
Material and Methods
PA was assessed using the IPAQ in a representative sample of 2285 individuals (males,
50.4%) aged 9–75 years and living in municipalities of at least 2,000 inhabitants. Data were
analyzed according to: age groups 9–12, 13–17, 18–64, and 65–75 years; sex; geographical
distribution; locality size and educational levels.
Results
Mean total PA was 868.8±660.9 min/wk, mean vigorous PA 146.4±254.1 min/wk, and mean
moderate PA 398.1±408.0 min/wk, showing significant differences between sexes
(p<0.05). Children performed higher moderate-vigorous PA than adolescents and seniors
(p<0.05), and adults than adolescents and seniors (p<0.05). Compared to recommendations,
36.2%of adults performed <150 min/week of moderate PA, 65.4% <75 min/week of vigorous PA and 27.0%did not perform any PA at all, presenting significant differences
between sexes (p<0.05). A total of 55.4%of children and adolescents performed less than
420 min/week of MVPA, being higher in the later (62.6%) than in the former (48.4%). Highest
non-compliance was observed in adolescent females (86.5%).
Conclusion
Sex and age are the main influencing factors on PA in the Spanish population. Males
engage in more vigorous and light PA overall, whereas females perform more moderate
PA. PA behavior differs between age groups and no clear lineal increase with age could be
observed. Twenty-seven percent of adults and 55.4% of children and adolescents do not
meet international PA recommendations. Identified target groups should be addressed to
increase PA in the Spanish populationCoca-Cola Iberia through Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)Coca-Cola Iberi
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