Hybrid technique of root canal instrumentation

Cilj endodontskog liječenja zuba je uklanjanje intrakanalne infekcije kemo-mehaničkom obradom korijenskog kanala i prevencija reinfekcije što se postiţe punjenjem kanala i koronarnom restauracijom zuba. Danas su na trţištu dostupni brojni endodontski instrumenti i tehnike instrumentacije. Upotreba prvih nikal-titanskih instrumenata u obradi korijenskih kanala krajem 20. stoljeća rezultirala je ubrzanim razvojem novih instrumenata različitih konstrukcija, karakteristika i načina rada. Prednosti nikal-titanskih instrumenata su povećana fleksibilnost i superelastičnost zahvaljujući kojoj je moguće očuvati izvorni oblik korijenskog kanala s minimalnom mogućnošću ijatrogenih pogrešaka. Najnovije recipročne tehnike instrumentacije kanala primjenom samo jednog instrumenta omogućile su brzu instrumentaciju uz minimalne proceduralne greške. Nedavno se pojavila i ideja o hibridnoj instrumentaciji koja uključuje primjenu različitih tehnika i sustava. Kao rezultat toga pojavio se Twisted File Adaptive sustav obrade kanala koji tijekom instrumentacije prepoznaje izloţenost instrumenta stresu te, ovisno o tome, mijenja kretnju iz rotacijske u recipročnu. Twisted File Adaptive instrumenti izrađeni su od Ni-Ti legure u R-fazi što im daje svojstvo superelastičnosti i memorije oblika. Dosad su u znanstvenoj literaturi objavljeni brojni znanstveni radovi. Twisted File Adaptive instrumenti odlikuju se visokom reznom učinkovitošću, malom incidencijom loma instrumenta, smanjenim apikalnim potiskivanjem debrisa, a posljedično manjom incidencijom postoperativne boli.The aim of endodontic treatment is the elimination of intracanal infection by using chemomechanical root canal treatment as well as prevention of reinfection, which is achieved by filling a root canal and placing appropriate coronal restauration. Nowadays, numerous endodontic instruments and instrumentation techniques are available on the market. The use of the first nickel-titanium instruments for root canal treatment at the end of the 20th century has resulted in rapid development of new instruments of different constructions, characteristics and modes of operation. The advantages of nickel-titanium instruments are increased flexibility and superelasticity thanks to which it is possible to preserve the original root canal shape with the minimum possibility of iatrogenic errors. The latest reciprocating canal instrumentation techniques which use only one instrument enabled rapid instrumentation with minimal procedural errors. Recently, the idea of hybrid instrumentation has also appeared, which involves the application of different techniques and systems. As a result, Twisted File Adaptive instrumentation system emerged which recognizes the exposure of the instrument to stress during instrumentation, and according to this, changes its motion from rotary to reciprocating. Twisted File Adaptive instruments are made of NiTi alloy in R-phase which gives them superelasticity and shape memory effect. So far, in scientific literature numerous scientific works have been published. Twisted File Adaptive instruments are characterized by high cutting efficiency, low incidence of instrument fractures, reduced apical debris extrusion, and consequently less frequent postoperative pain

About the Language of the Liturgical Readingbook in Croatian Old Church Slavic from 2012Misleading Manual Language of the Order of the Order of the Year in Old Slavic Language 2012

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EFFECT OF CULTIVAR AND TYPE OF CUTTINGS ON ROOTING OF NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR (Thuja occidentalis L.)

U radu je istraživan utjecaj kultivara i tipa reznice na postotak ukorjenjivanja i duljinu korijena reznica američke tuje (Thuja occidentalis). U pokus su bili uključeni kultivari \u27Columna\u27 i \u27Smaragd\u27 u kombinaciji s tri tipa reznice tj. jednostavne reznice, reznice s petom te reznice s dijelom grane. Postotak ukorjenjivanja reznica bio je pod značajnim utjecajem kultivara i tipa reznice, dok je duljina korijena bila pod značajnim utjecajem tipa reznice. Kod kultivara \u27Smaragd\u27 zabilježen je veći prosječni postotak ukorjenjivanja nego kod kultivara \u27Columna\u27. Veći postotak ukorjenjivanja zabilježen je kod oba kultivara uz upotrebu reznica s dijelom grane i jednostavnih reznica, u usporedbi s reznicama s petom. Prosječna duljina korijena reznica s dijelom grane bila je signifikantno veća i od prosječne duljine korijena jednostavnih, i reznica s petom, neovisno o kultivaru. Kako bi se postiglo bolje ukorjenjivanje, u rasadničarskoj proizvodnji oba kultivara preporučuje se upotreba reznica s dijelom grane.Influence of cultivar and type of cuttings on rooting percentage and root length in northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) was investigated. Two cultivars (\u27Columna\u27 and \u27Smaragd\u27) with three types of cuttings (simple, heel and mallet cuttings) were included in the trial. Rooting percentage was significantly influenced by the cultivar and type of cuttings while the root length was significantly influenced by the type of cuttings. Higher average percentage of rooted cuttings was recorded in cultivar \u27Smaragd\u27 compared to \u27Columna\u27 cultivar. Average percentage of rooted cuttings was higher in both cultivars with the use of mallet and simple cuttings, compared to heel cuttings. Average root length of mallet cuttings was significantly longer than average root length of both simple and heel cuttings, independently of cultivar. In order to achieve better rooting, in the nursery production of both cultivars, use of mallet cuttings is recommended

Prognostic significance of HPV16 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background/Aim: Many studies confirmed strong association between oncogenic genotypes of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) and some oropharyngeal and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of HPV16 infection in OSCC in population of Montenegro i.e. correlation between HPV16 infection and disease free interval (DFI), disease recurrence and metastasis occurrence. Material and Methods: We examined surgically obtained specimens from 60 patients with OSCC (localized on the lower lip, tongue or/and floor of the mouth) in six years period. Tumor tissue samples were used for histological analysis and HPV16 genome PCR detection (primers for detection of E6 gene). Patients were followed up for the 3 years. Results: HPV16 infection was more commonly detected in females with OSCC (p=0.038), while no correlation between this infection and disease recurrence (p= 0.122) and/or metastasis occurrence (p= 0.934) was found. DFI was not significantly different between patients with or without HPV16 infection (p= 0.427), but DFI was significantly shorter (p= 0.003) in females with oral HPV16 infection compared to male patients with this infection. Conclusions: Counting that HPV16 infection has a negative prognostic significance in OSCC, the HPV immunization program against genital HPV infection, would also have a positive impact on the frequency of HPV-mediated OSCC in Montenegrin population

Metastaza malignog ameloblastoma na vratu - radiološka i patohistološka dilema

Introduction. Ameloblastomas are odontogenic epithelial, locally invasive tumors of slow growth and mostly of benign behavior. Their frequency is low (they account for 1% of all head and neck tumors and about 11% of tumors of dental origin). Malignant variations of ameloblastoma are malignant ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. They constitute less than 1% of all ameloblastomas. We presented a case of malignant ameloblastoma of the mandible with neck metastasis. Case report. A patient, aged 72, presented with the following symptoms: pain in the lower jaw, swelling in the left submandibular area and difficult mouth opening. The patient was admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center of Montenegro, two months after he had noticed the symptoms. Panoramic radiography (OPG) showed that both jaws were partially toothless with terminal stage of periodontitis of the remaining teeth. Also, OPG showed sharply limited semicircular defect in the retromolar region and along the front edge of the mandible rami. Conventional histopathologic examination of the neck masses showed malignant ameloblastoma which contained central fields of squamous differentiation. Immunoreactivity of several markers was determined using immunohistochemical analyses. After these diagnostic methods a definite histopathology diagnosis was made: Ameloblastoma metastaticum in textus fibroadiposus regio colli (typus acanthomatosus). Conclusion. It is not possible to distinguish conventional, ie intraosseous, ameloblastoma from malignant ameloblastoma according to histopathologic features. It is necessary to pay special attention, especially in elderly patients, and to carry out further clinical, radiological and pathohistological diagnostic procedures, such as immunohistochemical analysis. A timely and correct diagnosis and treatment of malignant ameloblastoma require a multidisciplinary approach.Uvod. Ameloblastomi su odontogeni epitelni tumori, lokalno invazivni, sporog rasta, i u većini slučajeva pokazuju benigno ponašanje. Veoma su rijetki. Njihova učestalost je 1% u grupi tumora glave i vrata, kao i 11% kod tumora koji potiču od zubnih tkiva. Maligne varijante ameloblastoma su maligni ameloblastom i ameloblastički karcinom. Oni čine manje od 1% svih ameloblastoma. U radu je prikazan bolesnik sa malignim ameloblastomom donje vilice sa metastazom na vratu. Prikaz bolesnika. Prve subjektivne tegobe bolesnika, starog 72 godine, manifestovale su se kao bolovi u predelu donje vilice, otok u podviličnom predelu sa leve strane i otežano otvaranje usta. Bolesnik je primljen u Odeljenje oralne i maksilofacijalne hirurgije Kliničkog centra Crne Gore dva meseca nakon što je primetio prve tegobe. Ortopantomografski snimak pokazao je suptotalnu bezubost obeju vilica sa terminalnim stadijumom parodontopatije na preostalim zubima. U retromolarnoj regiji i duž prednje ivice ramusa donje vilice, uočen je jasno ograničen polukružni defekt. Biopsija promene na vratu pokazala je metastazu malignog ameloblastoma, sa prisutnim centralnim poljima skvamozne diferencijacije. Imunohistohemijskom analizom određivana je imunoreaktivnost više markera. Nakon ovih dijagnostičkih metoda postavljena je definitivna patohistološka dijagnoza: Ameloblastoma metastaticum in textus fibroadiposus regio colli (typus acanthomatosus). Zaključak. Na osnovu histopatološkog nalaza nije moguće razlikovati konvencionalni, tj. intraosealni, ameloblastom od malignog ameloblastoma. Zbog toga je potrebno obratiti posebnu pažnju, naro čito kod bolesnika starijeg životnog doba, i sprovesti sve dodatne kliničke, radiološke i histopatološke, ali i imunohistohemijske dijagnostičke procedure. Za postavljanje blagovremene i tačne dijagnoze, kao i sprovođenje adekvatnog terapijskog tretmana malignog ameloblastoma, neophodan je multidisciplinarni pristup

Uticaj etanola na lateralnu raspodelu zračenja i sastav plazme u vertikalnom argonom stabilizovanom luku

The plasma of a vertical argon stabilized DC arc at atmospheric pressure is applied as a spectrochemical source. The lateral distributions of relative spectral line intensities of some trace elements (Zn, Pt, Cd, Mg, Ca and Al) introduced into the plasma in the form of aqueous and ethanol–aqueous solutions were experimentally determined. These distributions were correlated with the calculated equilibrium plasma composition of the arc plasma. On the basis of the obtained results, an explanation of the influence of ethanol addition on the radiation densities from an arc plasma is given.Plazma argonom stabilizovanog vertikalnog jednosmernog luka na atmosferskom pritisku korišćena je kao spektrohemijski izvor. Eksperimentalno su određene lateralne raspodele intenziteta emisije nekoliko elemenata prisutnih u tragu (Zn, Pt,Cd, Mg,Ca i Al) u vodenim i etanol–vodenim rastvorima. Ove raspodele su dovedene u vezu sa izračunatim ravnotežnim sastavom lučne plazme i objavšnjen je uticaj etanola na gustinu zračenja iz lučne plazme

Povezanost histopatoloških karakteristika karcinoma usne sa progresijom bolesti

The most common malignancy of the lip is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In our population, according to epidemiological data, almost a half of all (45%) SCC of oral mucous tissue spreads over the lower and upper lip. The aim of this study was to estimate prognostic importance of histopathologic characteristics - histologic grade, nuclear grade and tumor size in relation to the appearance of lymph node metastases and relapse in SCC of the lip. Methods. In the retrospective- prospective study 70 cases of lower and upper lip SCC were analyzed. They were diagnosed from 2002 to 2006 in the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center of Montenegro. The data about localization of the carcinomas, histopathologic characteristics and lymph node status were taken from medical files of the patients. The patients were followed up in a 3-year period and the disease relapse or/and metastatic disease appearance were registereds. Results. There was statistically significant difference in tumor size among the patients with and without disease relapse (p = 0.027). Logistic regression analysis showed that the tumor size is a statistically significant factor (R = 0.186; p = 0.011) for the appearance of regional lymph node metastases. Relative risk [exp (B)] for the appearance of regional lymph node metastases in relation to tumor size was 2.807. Conclusion. Histologic and nuclear grade of lip SCC are not prognostic factors for the appearance of the disease relapse and regional lymph node metastases. Tumor size is a predictive factor of the relapse appearance, as well as for lymph node metastases appearance. In clinical practice, tumor size is a factor that classifies patients with lip SCC into the groups of higher and smaller risk of relapse appearance and for lymph node metastases appearance. Our results suggest that, risk for lymph node metastases appearance increases 2.8 times with increasing of the tumor size over 2 cm in diameter.Uvod/Cilj. Planocelularni karcinom (PCC) je najčešće maligno oboljenje usne. Prema epidemiološkim podacima, u našoj populaciji skoro polovina (45%) PCC sluzokože usne duplje zahvata i donju i gornju usnu. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrđivanje prognostičkog značaja histopatoloških karakteristika PCC usne: histološkog gradusa, nuklearnog gradusa i veličine tumora za pojavu recidiva bolesti i metastaza u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima. Metode. U retrospektivno-prospektivnoj studiji analizirano je 70 bolesnika sa PCC donje i gornje usne, dijagnostikovanim u periodu od 2002. do 2006. godine u Klinici za maksilofacijalnu hirurgiju Kliničkog centra Crne Gore. Podaci o lokalizaciji neoplazmi, životnom dobu i polu bolesnika, kao i o histopatološkim karakteristikama neoplazmi uzeti su iz uputnika za histopatološki pregled. Tokom tri godine, na redovnim postoperativnim kliničkim kontrolama, registrovana je eventualna pojava recidiva i/ili metastatske bolesti. Rezultati. Veličina tumora se statistički značajno razlikovala između ispitanika sa i bez recidiva bolesti (p = 0,027). Logističkom regresionom analizom utvrđeno je da je veličina tumora bila statistički značajan faktor (p = 0,011, R = 0,186) za pojavu metastaza u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima. Relativni rizik [exp (B)] od pojave metastaze u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima u odnosu na veličinu tumora iznosio je 2,807. Zaključak. Histološki i nuklearni gradusi tumora nisu prognostički faktori pojave recidiva i metastatske bolesti PCC usne. Veličina tumora predstavlja prognostički faktor za pojavu recidiva i regionalnih metastaza PCC usne, tj. faktor koji omogućava podelu bolesnika sa karcinomom usne u grupu sa većim, odnosno manjim rizikom od pojave recidiva i/ili metastatske bolesti. Prema našim rezultatima, sa povećanjem veličine PCC usne iznad 2 cm rizik od pojave regionalnih metastaza povećava se 2,8 puta

Synthesis and Characterization of MnCo2O4 Porous Spinel Oxide

This work presents an investigation on spinel structured material that consist of Mn(II) and Co(II) combined in the formula MnCo2O4, where Mn(II) occupies tetrahedral and Co(II) octahedral sites of crystal structure. Such spinel structured material, MnCo2O4 was synthesized by citrate-gel combustion (CGC) technique, carefully chosen as the method of synthesis is very important for producing a material with desirable physico-chemical characteristics

The environmental impact of sheep wool production and processing

Vuna je u prošlosti bila jedan od najvažnijih i najcjenjenijih ovčjih proizvoda. Zbog svoje je važnosti nerijetko nazivana „bijelim zlatom“. Većinu proizvedene vune (oko 56 %) prerađuje tekstilna industrija čija je sirovina uglavnom vuna vrhunske kvalitete. U posljednjim je desetljećima, zbog izrazite konkurencije sintetičkih vlakana, znatno smanjen interes za vunom, osobito onom grubom, loše kvalitete (koje je u Europi i Hrvatskoj najviše). Osim toga velik je problem vuneni otpad koji nastaje tijekom striže ovaca i procesa prerade vune. U kategoriju otpadne (neželjene) vune pripada i trbušna vuna finorunih pasmina ovaca koje je u runu oko 20 %. Tijekom procesa prerade (grebanje, češljanje, predenje, tkanje i dr.) otpadne od 10 do 15 % vune. Pranjem vune troši se mnogo energije, rada, vremena te vode koja najčešće završava u okolišu. Sve naglašenija svijest o važnosti očuvanja okoliša i veća potreba za sigurnim i održivim biološkim materijalima pokretač su traženja novih metoda recikliranja vunenog otpada i stvaranja novih proizvoda. Stoga je velik izazov u budućnosti pronaći gospodarski korisna, tržišno isplativa i ekološki prihvatljiva rješenja za nekvalitetnu vunu i vunski otpad, što će izravno pripomoći uzgajivačima i pridonijeti očuvanju okoliša.In the past, wool was one of the most important and valued sheep products. Because of its importance, it was often called „white gold“. Most of the wool produced (about 56%) is processed by the textile industry, whose raw material is mostly high quality wool. In recent decades, interest in wool, especially coarse, low-quality wool (which is most common in Europe and Croatia), has declined significantly due to strong competition from man-made fibers. In addition, the wool waste generated during sheep shearing and wool processing is a significant problem. The category of waste wool (unwanted wool) also includes the belly wool of fine wool sheep breeds, which makes up about 20% of the fleece. During the processing (scratching, combing, spinning, weaving, etc.) 10-15% of the wool is wasted. Washing wool consumes a lot of energy, labour, time and water, which in most cases ends up in the environment. Increasing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the growing need for safe and sustainable biological materials are driving the search for new methods to recycle wool waste and create new products. So the big challenge for the future is to find economically viable, market-oriented and ecologically sound solutions for low-quality wool and wool waste that directly help producers and protect the environment