Weaning age effects on some growth and development characteristics of Nelore calves at pasture

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de acompanhar o desenvolvimento de bezerros, em regime exclusivo de pasto, submetidos a desmama precoce. Assim, bezerros e bezerras Nelore foram desmamados nas idades de três, cinco e sete meses. Nos bezerros, o desenvolvimento foi acompanhado até os doze meses, tendo a esta idade apresentado os pesos de 146 (D3), 155 (D5) e 172kg (D7), respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os pesos aos três e cinco meses e entre cinco e sete meses. No entanto, a elevada mortalidade, decorrente do estresse da desmama aos três meses desaconselha essa prática em condições semelhantes às do experimento. As fêmeas desmamadas nas mesmas idades, três, cinco e sete meses, não mostraram diferenças nos pesos aos 12 e 24 meses, peso à fecundação e idade ao primeiro parto, que foram, em media, de 152 kg, 252 kg, 318 kg e 1.279 dias, respectivamente. No entanto, as novilhas com segunda recria em campo limpo tiveram a primeira parição 2,8 meses mais tarde que as de segunda recria em Jaraguá, e isto, possivelmente por terem atingido o peso ideal pra a fecundação mais tardiamente. A idade ao primeiro parto pra novilhas que foram desmamadas aos três, cinco e sete meses foi de 1.274, 1.289 e 1.275 dias, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a desmama aos cinco meses pode ser adotada sem afetar o crescimento e o bom desenvolvimento do bezerro.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate some growth characteristics of Nelore calves, raised at pastures and weaned at two early ages (three, five and seven months). Male yearling weights were 146 (W3), 155 (E5) and 172 kg (W7), for weaning at the, five and 7 months, respectively. There was no difference between W3 and W5 or between W5 and W7. A high mortality was observed in the first group. Female weights at 12 and 24 months and at conception, and the age at first parturition were not affected (P < 0.05) by weaning age. The mean squares for these characteristics were 152 kg, 252 kg, 318 kg and 1,279 days, respectively. Based on the results it is concluded that weaning at five months may be practiced without interfering with calf growth, and development

Desempenho reprodutivo de um rebanho Nelore criado no planalto sul-mato-grossense

Reproductive performance data analyzed were those collected over an 18-year period (1955 through 1972) on a Nelore herd raised under natural conditions in file plateau of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Like by all herds raised under natural conditions, a marked breeding season was found, with 86.8% of conceptions occurring during the rainy season. Age at first calving (FC), number of parturitions (NP) and calving interval were, respectively. 1407 days, four parturitions, and 514 days, with the interval between the first and the second parturition being the longest. The most important source of variation for the first two traits was year of birth of cow (P < .01). For the last trait studied significant effects (P < .01) of year of birth and age of cow were found. The correlations between FC and NP (- .28) and between FC and the first calving interval (- .20) show the necessity of determining the ideal time for breeding in order to maximize the reproductive efficiency of the cows.Foram analisados dados coletados durante um período de 18 anos (1955-1972), referentes ao desempenho reprodutivo de um rebanho Nelore criado extensivamente no planalto sul-mato-grossense. Como em todos os rebanhos criados naturalmente, encontrou-se uma marcada estação de reprodução, com 86,8% das fecundações ocorrendo no período setembro/outubro a março/abril, correspondente à estação chuvosa. A idade ao primeiro parto (IP), o número de partos (NP) e o intervalo entre partos foram de 1.407 dias, quatro partos e 514 dias, respectivamente, sendo o intervalo entre o primeiro e o segundo parto o de maior duração dentre os demais. A principal causa de variação detectada para as duas primeiras características foi o ano de nascimento (P < .01), enquanto que, para a última, encontraram-se efeitos significativos (P < .01) de ano e idade da vaca. As correlações entre IP e NP (-0,28) e entre IP e intervalo primeiro-segundo parto (-0,20) evidenciam a necessidade de determinar o momento ideal dos acasalamentos, visando a maximização da eficiência reprodutiva das matrizes

Desempenho reprodutivo de um rebanho Nelore criado no planalto sul-mato-grossense

Reproductive performance data analyzed were those collected over an 18-year period (1955 through 1972) on a Nelore herd raised under natural conditions in file plateau of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Like by all herds raised under natural conditions, a marked breeding season was found, with 86.8% of conceptions occurring during the rainy season. Age at first calving (FC), number of parturitions (NP) and calving interval were, respectively. 1407 days, four parturitions, and 514 days, with the interval between the first and the second parturition being the longest. The most important source of variation for the first two traits was year of birth of cow (P < .01). For the last trait studied significant effects (P < .01) of year of birth and age of cow were found. The correlations between FC and NP (- .28) and between FC and the first calving interval (- .20) show the necessity of determining the ideal time for breeding in order to maximize the reproductive efficiency of the cows.Foram analisados dados coletados durante um período de 18 anos (1955-1972), referentes ao desempenho reprodutivo de um rebanho Nelore criado extensivamente no planalto sul-mato-grossense. Como em todos os rebanhos criados naturalmente, encontrou-se uma marcada estação de reprodução, com 86,8% das fecundações ocorrendo no período setembro/outubro a março/abril, correspondente à estação chuvosa. A idade ao primeiro parto (IP), o número de partos (NP) e o intervalo entre partos foram de 1.407 dias, quatro partos e 514 dias, respectivamente, sendo o intervalo entre o primeiro e o segundo parto o de maior duração dentre os demais. A principal causa de variação detectada para as duas primeiras características foi o ano de nascimento (P < .01), enquanto que, para a última, encontraram-se efeitos significativos (P < .01) de ano e idade da vaca. As correlações entre IP e NP (-0,28) e entre IP e intervalo primeiro-segundo parto (-0,20) evidenciam a necessidade de determinar o momento ideal dos acasalamentos, visando a maximização da eficiência reprodutiva das matrizes

Peso ao nascer de bezerros Nelore: heritabilidade e interação sexo x reprodutor

Experimental data were obtained from the herd book of Campo Experimental de Terenos, and it refers to birth weight of 861 calves born during 1965 through 1977. The heritability was estimated by four models; the first model was the complete one; in the second model the effects that showed no significant influence on birth weight were drawn; the third model was used to analyze males and females separately and included the same variables as the complete model; the fourth model included the variables used in the second model. Year, sex and dam previous condition (cow that calved or not in the previous year and first calf heifers) affected birth weight (P<.01). The approximate mean weights of the males and females were 25.04 and 23.40 kg, respectively, for the different models. Cows that failed to conceive in the previous year produced calves, approximately, .70 kg heavier, at birth, than calves from heifers and from cows that calved in the previous year. Birth season, and cow's age did not affect birth weight. The heritability estimates of birth weight for the different models were as follows: .73 ± .15 for the first model; .70 ± 15 for the second one; .90 ± .20 and .90 ± .21, for males and females, respectively, on the third model; and .82 ± .20 and .81 ± .20, for males and females, respectively, on the fourth one. We can conclude, by these results, that sex does not affect sire evaluation for birth weight.Utilizaram-se dados obtidos dos livros de registro zootécnico do Campo Experimental de Terenos, antiga sede do Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Oeste (IPEAO), referentes a peso ao nascimento de 861 bezerros Nelore nascidos de 1965 a 1977. A heritabilidade foi estimada utilizando-se quatro modelos estatísticos: o primeiro modelo foi o completo; no segundo modelo foram retirados os efeitos que não mostraram significância sobre peso ao nascimento; o terceiro modelo foi utilizado para analisar machos e fêmeas separadamente, e incluiu as mesmas variáveis do modelo completo; o quarto modelo também foi usado para analisar machos e fêmeas separadamente, mas incluiu as variáveis usadas no segundo modelo. Ano, sexo e condição anterior da fêmea (que tenha parido ou não no ano anterior e novilha de primeira cria) influenciaram altamente o peso ao nascer (P<0,01). Os pesos médios aproximados de machos e fêmeas foram, respectivamente, 25,04 e 23,40 kg para os diferentes modelos. Vacas falhadas produziram bezerros aproximadamente 0,70 kg mais pesados ao nascimento, do que bezerros de novilhas e vacas que pariram no ano anterior. Estação de nascimento e idade da vaca não tiveram influência sobre o peso ao nascimento. As estimativas de heritabilidade do peso ao nascimento para os diferentes modelos foram as seguintes: 0,73 ± 0,15 para o modelo 1; 0,70 ± 0,15 para o modelo 2; 0,90 ± 0,20 e 0,90 ± 0,21 para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, no modelo 3 e 0,82 ± 0,20 e 0,81 ± 0,20 para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, no modelo 4. Pela pequena importância da interação sexo x reprodutor dentro de ano e, pela semelhança das estimativas de heritabilidade nos dois sexos, conclui-se que o sexo da progênie não influência na avaliação de reprodutores para peso ao nascimento de suas crias

Influence of cervical preflaring and root canal preparation on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

Background: Evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth after cervical preflaring and root canal preparation and to assess the volume of the root canal and the amount of remaining root dentin before and after cervical preflaring. Methods: Forty-four mandibular incisors were selected using micro-CT scanning and distributed into 4 groups (n = 11) according to the instrument used for cervical preflaring: control group - no cervical preflaring; Gates Glidden – burs size #2 and #3; WXN – 25.07 Navigator instrument; and Easy – 25.08 ProDesign S instrument. Coronal opening was performed, and the canals were prepared with Wave One Gold Primary and filled with an epoxy-resin based sealer and gutta-percha cones. Micro-CT scans were performed before and after root canal instrumentation. All images were reconstructed and assessed for the thickness of mesial and distal root dentin at 3 mm and 5 mm from the cement -enamel junction and for the volume of cervical portion of the canal after preparation. Fracture resistance test was performed applying compressive loads at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, applied on the palatal aspect of specimens at 135° along the long axis of the tooth. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P = .05). Results: Cervical preflaring and canal preparation reduced the dentin thickness (P < .05) and increased the canal volume (P < .05) in all groups at 3 mm an 5 mm. Cervical preflaring with Gates Gliden burs reduced the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (P < .05). Conclusions: All instruments reduced the dentin thickness and increased the canal volume in the cervical at 3 mm and 5 mm. Gates Glidden reduced fracture resistance of mandibular incisors submitted to cervical preflaring, whereas NiTi instruments did not

Hitchhiking Trypanosoma cruzi minicircle DNA affects gene expression in human host cells via LINE-1 retrotransposon

The horizontal transfer of Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondrial minicircle DNA to the genomes of naturally infected humans may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Minicircle integrations within LINE-1 elements create the potential for foreign DNA mobility within the host genome via the machinery associated with this retrotransposon. Here we document integration of minicircle DNA fragments in clonal human macrophage cell lines and their mobilization over time. The movement of an integration event in a clonal transfected cell line was tracked at three months and three years post-infection. The minicircle sequence integrated into a LINE-1 retrotransposon; one such foreign fragment subsequently relocated to another genomic location in association with associated LINE-1 elements. The p15 locus was altered at three years as a direct effect of minicircle/LINE-1 acquisition, resulting in elimination of p15 mRNA. Here we show for the first time a molecular pathology stemming from mobilization of a kDNA/LINE-1 mutation. These genomic changes and detected transcript variations are consistent with our hypothesis that minicircle integration is a causal component of parasite-independent, autoimmune-driven lesions seen in the heart and other target tissues associated with Chagas disease

High prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in women in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil and direct association with abdominal surgery

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pelvic pain is a disease that directly affects the social and professional lives of women. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of this clinical condition and to identify independent factors associated with it in women living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. METHODS: A one-year cross-sectional study was conducted in a population sample of 1,278 women over the age of 1,278 women over the age of 14 years. The target population was predominantly composed of women who are treated by the public health system. The questionnaire was administered by interviewers who were not linked to the city health care programs. The prevalence of the morbidity was estimated. First, we identified the significant variables associated with pelvic pain (p<0.10) and then we attributed values of 0 or 1 to the absence or presence of these variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify and estimate the simultaneous impact of the independent variables. The results were expressed by odds ratio and their 95% confidence interval with p<0.05. RESULTS: The disease was found in 11.5% (147/1,278) of the sample. The independent predictors were dyspareunia, previous abdominal surgery, depression, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, current sexual activity, low back pain, constipation, urinary symptoms, and low educational level. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in Ribeirão Preto is high and is associated with conditions that can usually be prevented, controlled, or resolved by improvement of public health policies and public education

First determination of mineral composition of the leaf Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) used in human nourishment in the Midwest of Brazil and comparasion with dietary reference intakes for children and adults

Introduction: Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.) is a leaf chicory and is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red or purple leaves and it belongs to the Asteraceae family. In several countries is consumed mainly as salad, but no studies on their elemental composition&nbsp; has been done, principally in Brazil. Objective: The aim of present work was to measure the macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg and P) and microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Al, Cd, Ni, Co and Si) in the leaf Chicory used as human nourishment in the Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Method: Chemical digests of samples were prepared using HNO3 and H2O2 and then placed in the microwave digestion system. After digestion, the concentrations of the elements in Leaf Chicory were determined by the technique of Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP–OES, Thermo Scientific - iCAP 6000 Series). Results obtained of the concentrations of leaf chicory were compared with the dietary reference intakes. Results: Detected concentration of macroelements in leaf Chicory decreases in the order: K &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Na. As well as the concentration of microelements decreases in the order: Fe &gt; Al &gt; Si &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Cd &gt; Mo &gt; Co. Leaf Chicory is excellent source of K, Ca, Mg, P, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn for children and adults. On the other hand, leaf chicory is not considered a source of sodium for children and adults. Concentration of K, Cr, Fe, and Al are above the limit recommended limit by FAO/WHO (1984) and others countries. Conclusions: Leaf Chicory has macro and microelements in ample amount; it can be used as an important part of people's diets. Since it not exceed allowable limits set by WHO and FAO, RDA/AI and UL. Competent organs have not evaluated concentrations of elements as Al, Cd, Ni, Co and Si in order to establish a tolerable upper intake level or RDA/AI for human. The lack of studies of adverse effects following excess intake of a nutrient does not mean that adverse effects do not occur. Keywords: Leaf Chicory; Radicchio; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-OES)

Hidrogeomorfometria da microbacia alto rio escondido: informações para auxiliar o manejo dos recursos naturais na Amazônia ocidental / Hidrogeomofometric of the alto rio escondido microbasin, western Amazon: informations to support natural resource management

O conhecimento sobre as características da paisagem é o primeiro passo para o planejamento racional da gestão dos recursos naturais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a caracterização hidrogeomorfométrica da microbacia do Alto Rio Escondido, Amazônia Ocidental, com o intuito de disponibilizar informações necessárias para gestão de recursos hídricos às instituições públicas e privadas, e proprietários de imóveis rurais da região. Foram analisados os parâmetros geométricos, topográficos e hidrográficos, utilizando-se softwares de licença livre QGIS e Google Earth, técnicas de geoprocessamento, e imagens de satélite com dados altimétricos. A microbacia tem como características geométricas: 141,9 km2 de área, perímetro de 55,81 km, fator de forma de 0,38, coeficiente de compacidade de 1,31 (baixa a média suscetibilidade a enchentes) e índice de circularidade de 0,57 (forma intermediária). Tem como características topográficas: altitudes de 258 a 588 m, predominância das classes de relevo plano (45,8%) e suave ondulado (30,9%), baixa influência de propagação de incêndios em 71,15% da área da microbacia, e 51,15% de área apta a extremamente apta a mecanização agrícola. Tem como características hidrográficas: rede de drenagem de 606,13 km com padrão dendrítico de 7ª ordem (elevada condição para habitação de peixes), densidade hidrográfica de 12,33 rios km-2 (alta), densidade de drenagem de 4,27 km km-2 (alta), índice de sinuosidade de 38,77% (canal principal sinuoso), coeficiente de manutenção de 234,1 m2 m-1 (alta eficiência de manutenção) e tempo de concentração de 3,01 h (baixo). Recomenda-se a adoção de práticas de manejo conservacionistas do solo, para mitigar possíveis problemas com escoamento superficial em períodos de chuva, que acarretam a contaminação da água, enchentes, diminuição do abastecimento do lençol freático e redução da disponibilidade de água nos períodos de estiagem. As informações disponibilizadas no artigo podem auxiliar o planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos na região, permitindo a conservação dos recursos naturais para a manutenção da qualidade de vida da atual e futuras gerações