Modelo de cuantificación del consumo energético en edificación

The research conducted in this paper focuses on the generation of a model for the quantification of energy consumption in building. This is to be done through one of the most relevant environmental impact indicators associated with weight per m2 of construction, as well as the energy consumption resulting from the manufacturing process of materials used in building construction. The practical application of the proposed model on different buildings typologies in Seville, will provide information regarding the building materials, the subsystems and the most relevant construction elements. Hence, we will be able to observe the impact the built surface has on the environment. The results obtained aim to reference the scientific community, providing quantitative data comparable to other types of buildings and geographical areas. Furthermore, it may also allow the analysis and the characterization of feasible solutions to reduce the environmental impact generated by the different materials, subsystems and construction elements commonly used in the different building types defined in this study.La investigación realizada en el presente trabajo plantea la generación de un modelo de cuantificación del consumo energético en edificación, a través de uno de los indicadores de impacto ambiental más relevantes asociados al peso por m2 de construcción, el consumo energético derivado del proceso de fabricación de los materiales de construcción empleados en edificación. La aplicación práctica del modelo propuesto sobre diferentes tipologías edificatorias en Sevilla aportará información respecto a los materiales de construcción, subsistemas y elementos constructivos más impactantes, permitiendo visualizar la influencia que presenta la superficie construida en cuanto al impacto ambiental generado. Los resultados obtenidos pretenden servir de referencia a la comunidad científica, aportando datos numéricos que podrán ser comparados en otras tipologías y ámbitos geográficos, a la vez que permitirán analizar y precisar mejoras en cuanto al impacto ambiental generado por los diferentes materiales, subsistemas y elementos constructivos habitualmente utilizados en las tipologías edificatorias definidas

Sustainability Assessment in Singular Structures, Foundations and Structural Rehabilitation in Spanish Legislation

The objective of this work is twofold: to determine the scope of the tools currently available for the assessment of sustainability of structures in Spanish legislation; and to identify environmental aspects that have yet to be covered, especially in the case of foundations and of measures aimed at the structural rehabilitation of singular buildings. To this end, the method proposed in the Spanish Instruction of Structural Concrete is applied to the particular case of the supported foundations of the Cylindrical and Colonel buildings in the construction of the new Faculties of Law and of Work Sciences, of the University of Seville during the period between 2005 and 2008. This case was chosen for its special uniqueness and for its inclusion of environmental aspects that remain outside the scope of existing methods. Most of these aspects are also of great relevance in structural rehabilitation activities carried out in urban environments and neighbourhoods, where a major surge is currently underway due to the economic crisis that has hit projects of newly constructed buildings. By virtue of the work carried out in recent years in the field of sustainability and the environment by several research groups at the University of Seville, a number of alternatives are proposed for the quantification of those aspects that remain to be considered. These techniques are based on tools that allow the agents to intervene in a flexible and effective way in the project implementation phase

Effects of Cyclodextrin Type on Vitamin C, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Attributes of a Mandarin Juice Enriched with Pomegranate and Goji Berries

The effects of the addition of cyclodextrins (CDs), β-CD, or HP-β-CD (1%), on the protection of antioxidant compounds of mandarin juices enriched with pomegranate extract and goji berries juice, was studied. Juices were prepared and after their thermal treatment (98 ◦C, 30 s) they were stored at 4 ◦C during 75 d. Vitamin C content, CIE L∗a∗b∗ color, antioxidant capacity, retinol equivalents, and sensory properties were studied. Losses on vitamin C were higher (6%) for juices with β-CD than juices with HP-β-CD. Retinol equivalents degradation was lower (3.4%) in juices with HP-β-cyclodextrins than in those treated with β-CD. Lower losses were observed for the instrumental and sensory color intensity in juices with HP-β-CD addition. Finally, the antioxidant capacity was also higher in juices treated with HP-β-CD. Finally, the overall sensory quality of juices with HP-β-CD was the best one after 30 d of cold storage. Even though β-CD addition did not cause any improvement compared with control juice (without CD addition), the benefits of adding HP-β-CD to this particular juice were shown in almost all parameters under study.Ciencias de la Alimentació

Evaluación del Anejo 13 de la EHE-08. Índice de colaboración de la estructura a la sostenibilidad, mediante su aplicación a dos estructuras de edificación

The importance of the innovation normative of the appendix 13 of the EHE-08 has become evident in different articles. It has had its sequel in the appendix 11 of the Structural Steel Instruction, EA-11. This communication analyses the validity of the assessment process proposed in that appendix to the light of the assessment of two structures recently built. At the same time, the results are compared with others from previous investigations. Although the assessments bring initially different results, the analysis of the data at hand demonstrates that this circumstance responds more to the capacitive to obtain the certifying documentation that to the specific characteristic of the structure. As a final conclusion, it is shown the low score that the current structures obtain. Also, it is established the need for a revision of the mathematic formulation of the assessment process and many of the evaluation criteria considered in the process of assessment of the appendix. The review of some of the criteria considered and the unification of the assessment process with the proposed method for the steel structures by the AEA- 11 are established tooLa importancia de la innovación normativa del anejo 13 de la EHE-08 ha quedado manifiesto en diferentes artículos y tenido su secuela en el anejo 11 de la Instrucción de Acero Estructural, EAE-11. En esta comunicación se analiza la validez del procedimiento propuesto en dicho anexo a la vista de la evaluación de dos estructuras construidas recientemente, al tiempo que se comparan los resultados obtenidos con en trabajos anteriores. Aunque las evaluaciones arrojan resultados inicialmente diferentes, el análisis de los datos manejados demuestra que dicha circunstancia responde más a la capacidad de obtener la documentación acreditativa que a las características específicas de la estructura. Como conclusión final se pone de manifiesto la baja puntuación que obtienen las estructuras actuales, la necesidad de revisar la formulación matemática del procedimiento, buena parte de los criterios de evaluación considerados por el procedimiento propuesto en el anejo y la unificación del método con el propuesto para la estructuras de acero por la EAE-11

Los indicadores de sosteniblidad de los municipios españoles: Una propuesta metodológica a la vista de su evolución entre 2002-2015

The use of indicators is usual in many fields of knowledge as a tool for assessment of the phenomena under study. In the field of sustainability, they already appear in works as Blueprint for Survival or Our Common Future, when the real possibilities of the planet are intended. But, it is not until the Declaration of Rio and the subsequent Conference of Aalborg in the European context, when the idea of assessing the European cities through a set of specific indicators takes place. This communication assesses the state of the art of the municipal sustainability indicators from a triple approach. First, deals with the concept of indicators according to works of Hernández Aja, the Observatory of Sustainability in Spain, Antequera and Carrera, Salvador Rueda, Zavadskas and Ester Higueras, and proposed a classification based on the proposal of the last author. Then described how the initial vagueness of the concept of sustainability that recognize Hernández Aja o Naredo work has been overcome with the adoption of the different municipal catalogues of indicators of sustainability. Finally, there is the evolution experienced by these indicators in Spain by the analysis of the Juan de Herrera Institute study on indicators of sustainability in the Spanish municipalities published in 2003, and the proposals for indicators of urban environment of Andalucía and other autonomous communities, the European Environment Agency, the United Nations Urban Settlements programme, UN-HABITAT. From the national level, it has been taken the necessary references to the proposals of the Network of Networks of Local Sustainable Development, the National Institute of Statistic and the Observatory of Sustainability in Spain. And at the local level, the proposals of the municipalities of Málaga, Sevilla and Victoria-Gasteiz. As a final conclusion, a methodological proposal is set to respond to the need to assess the different European, national and autonomic strategies of sustainability through the definition of a group catalogues of municipal sustainability indicators.El empleo de indicadores es frecuente en numerosos campos de conocimiento como herramienta de evaluación de los fenómenos objeto de estudio. En el ámbito de la sostenibilidad, ya aparecen en un primer momento en trabajos como el Manifiesto para la supervivencia o Nuestro futuro común, cuando se pretende valorar las posibilidades reales del planeta. Pero no es hasta la Declaración de Río y la posterior Conferencia de Aalborg en el contexto europeo, cuando la idea de evaluar las ciudades europeas mediante un conjunto de indicadores específicos toma cuerpo. En esta comunicación se evalúa el estado del arte de los indicadores de sostenibilidad municipales desde un triple enfoque. Primero, se aborda el concepto de indicador conforme a los trabajos de Hernández Aja, el Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad en España, Antequera y Carrera, Salvador Rueda, Zavadskas y Ester Higueras, y se propone una clasificación a partir de la propuesta de la última autora. A continuación, se expone cómo la indefinición inicial del concepto de sostenibilidad que reconocen los trabajos de Hernández Aja o Naredo se ha superado con la adopción de los diferentes catálogos municipales de indicadores de sostenibilidad. Finalmente, se presenta la evolución que han experimentado estos indicadores en España mediante el análisis del estudio de Instituto Juan de Herrera sobre los indicadores de sostenibilidad en los municipios españoles publicado en 2003, y las propuestas de indicadores de medioambiente urbano de Andalucía y otras comunidades autónomas, la Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente, el Programa de Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Urbanos, UN-HABITAT. Desde el ámbito nacional se han adoptado las referencias necesarias a las propuestas la Red de Redes de Desarrollo Local Sostenible, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y el Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad en España. Y en el ámbito local, a las propuestas de los municipios de Málaga, Sevilla y Victoria-Gasteiz. Como conclusión final, se establece una propuesta metodológica para dar respuesta a la necesidad de valorar las diferentes estrategias europeas, nacionales y autonómicas de sostenibilidad mediante la definición de una serie de catálogos de municipales de indicadores de sostenibilidad

Haptenos, conjugados y anticuerpos para el fungicida ciprodinil

La presente invención se refiere a haptenos, conjugados, derivados marcados y anticuerpos para ciprodinil. Así mismo, la presente invención también se refiere al uso de conjugados de ciprodinil como antígenos de ensayo o inmunógenos para obtener anticuerpos de este fungicida; y al uso de los derivados marcados de ciprodinil como antígenos de ensayo. Además, la presente invención también se refiere a un método de análisis de ciprodinil utilizando los anticuerpos obtenidos, en ocasiones junto con antígenos de ensayo que son conjugados o derivados marcados. Esta invención también proporciona un kit para analizar ciprodinil que comprende anticuerpos de este fungicida, en ocasiones junto con antígenos de ensayo que son conjugados o derivados marcados.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Universitata de ValenciaA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Integrated urban regeneration for high-rise multi-family buildings by providing a multidimensional assessment model and decision support system

Data availability Data will be made available on request. Acknowledgements This work was supported through funds, materials, and technical equipment as part of the 68/83 LOU contract through the project entitled: Multidimensional evaluation model for integrated urban regeneration as climate change mitigation strategies. (Contract art.68/83 with project code FIUS23/0210 and CGT:0632) . Finally, the authors would also like to thank David Dolbear for the native English proofreading.Current urban challenges on promoting an integrated urban regeneration demand new decision support systems to adjust and optimise renovation strategies in the housing stock. This research aims to provide a multidimensional decision support system, specifically focused on high-rise multi-family buildings, which entails an added complexity in the design and decision-making stages of building renovation. The need to promote assessment protocols of key parameters that promote a viable and efficient renovation in high-rise multi-family buildings constitutes a research gap to be fulfilled in this study. This research contributes with an assessment and weighting model based on 12 indicators, both during and after renovation works, under 4 multidisciplinary dimensions: Technical; Social; Economic; and Environmental, in a-5 to 5 drawback-benefit index scale. An application procedure has been tested in two representative neighbourhoods in Argentina and Spain, identified by GIS resources, and demonstrating its operation and usefulness for vulnerable neighbourhoods due to global inflation. The implications of the graphic output of results, weighted for Mild, Moderate, Intense and Deep action strategies, allows us to identify drawbacks and benefits of each strategy independently, for each of the 12 indicators, visualising the trend, performance and variations between dimensions and strategies in large-scale buildings. Conclusions generate key recommendations and insights on decision-making patterns to urban policymakers by ensuring feasible and satisfactory renovation strate-gies in high-rise multi-family buildings.Contract art.68/83: FIUS23/0210, CGT:063

Huella ecológica en los costes indirectos en construcción

For the environmental analysis is employed the ecological footprint indicator, which is defined as "the area of ecologically productive land (crops, pastures, forests and aquatic ecosystems) needed to produce the resources used and to assimilate the wastes produced by a given population with a level of specific life indefinitely”. In our case this environmental indicator is applied to indirect costs of the building project, allowing calculate the footprint generated by different sources of impact (energy, water, food consumption, mobility and waste). In the budgets of building costs that are attributable directly (direct costs) and indirectly (indirect costs) are identified. These latter costs are all elements that can’t be attributed to a particular unit of work because they are tasks that serve multiple elements simultaneously within the work. A clear example of this type of cost is the foreman (as it acts in the various phases of the work during the performance of all jobs) or crane (which shall work of moving materials, hoisting loads, unloading products from vehicles, etc.). These costs are not usually included in the environmental analysis because they are difficult to quantify. In this analysis the following impacts are taken into account (analyzing and focusing them so that the results can be quantified by this environmental indicator): labor, aids and equipment, installations and works booths, and consumption of energy and water on site. It draws on the Andalusia Construction Costs Database (ACCD), thus adding an environmental party to this baseline, which will produce the ecological footprint produced by these costs along with your budgeting.Para el análisis ambiental se emplea el indicador huella ecológica, que es definido como “el área de territorio ecológicamente productivo (cultivos, pastos, bosques o ecosistemas acuático) necesario para producir los recursos utilizados y para asimilar los residuos producidos, por una población dada, con un nivel de vida especifico, de forma indefinida”. En nuestro caso dicho indicador medioambiental se aplica a los costes indirectos del proyecto de edificación, permitiendo calcular la huella generada por las diferentes fuentes de impacto (energética, suministro de agua, consumo de alimentos, movilidad y residuos). En los presupuestos de edificación se identifican los costes que son imputables de forma directa (costes directos) y de forma indirecta (costes indirectos). Estos últimos costes son todos los elementos que no pueden ser atribuibles a una unidad de obra concreta ya que son tareas que sirven a varios elementos simultáneamente dentro de la obra. Un ejemplo claro de este tipo de costes es el encargado de obra (ya que actúa en las diversas fases de la obra durante la realización de todos los trabajos) o la grúa torre (la cual realizará trabajos de traslado de materiales, izado de cargas, descarga de productos desde los vehículos, etc.). Estos costes no suelen incluir en el análisis ambiental por ser difíciles de cuantificar En el presente análisis se tienen en cuenta los siguientes impactos (analizando y enfocándolos para que los resultados puedan ser cuantificados mediante este indicador medioambiental): mano de obra, medios auxiliares y maquinaria, instalaciones y casetas de obras, y consumos de energía y agua en obra. Se toma como referencia la Base de Costes de la Construcción de Andalucía, añadiendo de este modo una parte medioambiental a esta base de referencia, lo que permitirá obtener la huella ecológica producida por estos costes junto con su presupuestación

The effect of organizational learning tools in business results

The importance of the tools that facilitate organizational learning has traditionally been outlined in the literature. Information Technologies (ITs) are considered as common facilitating tools for all learning agents by researches and practitioners. Our study focuses on the question what ITs are essential for organizational learning and how they actively contribute to the business results (operative and financial). The results exhibit that the use of databases generates larger sales volumes and better operative results. Companies with low profits tend to use Internet more often and this use improves operative results. Also the use of the electronic mail increases the sales volume