Resistance to fracture of direct restorations with cuspal coverage in upper endodontically treated bicuspids

Endodontically treated teeth are considered more susceptible to fracture because of the loss of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase of resistance to fracture of upper bicuspids that underwent endodontic access and were restored with composite resin, with cuspal coverage. Forty extracted human maxillary premolars were divided in 4 groups: I - intact teeth; II - teeth with endodontic access and MOD preparation, restored with composite resin, without cuspal coverage; III - teeth with endodontic access, MOD preparation and occlusal reduction, restored with composite resin, with cuspal coverage; IV - teeth with endodontic access and MOD preparation, without any restoration. The test specimens were submitted to compression test up to their fracture. The test of Tukey and the ANOVA analysis were used to compare and test the results. The teeth from group III (with cuspal coverage) presented with significantly greater resistance to fracture, when compared with those from groups II (restored without cuspal coverage) and IV (not restored). The composite restoration with cuspal coverage can be considered an alternative for endodontically treated premolars.Dentes tratados endodonticamente são considerados mais susceptíveis à fratura em função da perda de estrutura dentária. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o aumento da resistência à fratura de pré-molares superiores que receberam acesso endodôntico e foram restaurados em resina composta com cobertura de cúspide. Foram utilizados 40 pré-molares superiores humanos extraídos, que foram divididos em 4 grupos: I - dentes hígidos; II - dentes com acesso endodôntico, com preparo MOD, restaurados em resina composta, sem cobertura de cúspide; III - dentes com acesso endodôntico, com preparo MOD e redução de cúspide, restaurados em resina composta, com cobertura de cúspide; IV - dentes com acesso endodôntico, com preparo MOD, sem receber restauração. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a teste de compressão até a fratura e os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados através do teste de Tukey, podendo-se concluir que os dentes do grupo III (restaurados com cobertura de cúspide) apresentaram maior resistência à fratura, com valores significativos, em relação aos dentes do grupo II (restaurados sem cobertura de cúspide) e IV (só preparo cavitário sem restauração). A restauração em resina composta direta com cobertura de cúspide pode ser considerada uma alternativa restauradora para dentes pré-molares submetidos à terapia endodôntica

Micromorphological and hardness analyses of human and bovine sclerotic dentin: a comparative study

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that both human and bovine sclerotic dentin have similar hardness properties, in addition to similar micromorphological characteristics. Sixteen teeth (8 human and 8 bovine) exhibiting exposed dentin in the incisal edge and showing characteristics typical of sclerosis were used. Vickers surface microhardness testing was conducted. Three areas of the dentin surface of each specimen were selected. All teeth were processed for scanning electron microscopy in order to estimate the amount (in percentage) of solid dentin on the sclerotic dentin surface. The data were compared by Student's t test (α = 0.05). The micromorphological and microhardness data were compared by Pearson's linear correlation test (α = 0.05). The mean percentages of solid dentin of human and bovine sclerotic dentin were similar (human 90.71 ± 0.83 and bovine 89.08 ± 0.81, p = 0.18). The mean microhardness value (VHN) of human sclerotic dentin was significantly higher than that of bovine sclerotic dentin (human 45.26 ± 2.92 and bovine 29.93 ± 3.83, p = 0.006). No correlation was found between the microhardness values and the amount of solid dentin in the sclerotic dentin, irrespective of the species considered (human R² = 0.0240, p = 0.714; bovine R² = 0.0017, p = 0.923; and combined R² = 0.038, p = 0.46). We concluded that although both bovine and human sclerotic dentin present a similar amount of solid tissue, human sclerotic dentin presents higher microhardness than bovine sclerotic dentin.(FAPESP) São Paulo Research Foundation(CAPES) Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personne

Footprint do tendão do peitoral maior: estudo anatômico

Objective:To study the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon to the humerus, through knowledge of its dimensions in the coronal and sagittal planes.Methods:Twenty shoulders from 10 cadavers were dissected and the pectoralis major tendon insertion on the humerus was identified and isolated. The dimensions of its footprint (proximal to distal and medial to lateral borders) and the distance from the top edge of the pectoralis major tendon to apex of the humeral head structures were measured.Results:The average proximal to distal border length was 80.8 mm (range: 70 -90) and the medial-to-lateral border length was 6.1 mm (5 -7). The average distance (and range) from the apex of the pectoralis major tendon to the humeral head was 59.3 mm.Conclusions:We demonstrate that the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon is laminar, and the pectoralis major tendon has an average footprint height and width of 80.8 mm and 6.1 mm, respectively.Objetivo:Estudar a inserção do tendão do peitoral maior no úmero, por meio do conhecimento de suas dimensões nos planos coronal e sagital.Métodos:Foram dissecados 20 ombros de dez cadáveres frescos (cinco homens e cinco mulheres). Todos os cadáveres encontravam-se em bom estado, sem cicatrizes ou sinais de trauma prévios. Fez-se o estudo por meio da via deltopeitoral estendida e foi identificada e isolada a inserção do tendão do peitoral maior no úmero. Mensuraram-se as dimensões do footprint por meio das aferições com um paquímetro milimetrado, de seus limites de proximal para distal e medial para lateral. Foi aferida a distância da borda superior do tendão do peitoral maior ao ápice da cabeça umeral.Resultados:Em todos os cadáveres o peitoral maior apresentou uma inserção única. O comprimento médio de proximal para distal foi de 80,8 mm (70-90) e de lateral para medial de 6,1mm (5-7). Já a distância média do ápice do tendão do peitoral maior ao ápice da cabeça umeral foi de 59,3 mm (55-64).Conclusões:O tendão do músculo peitoral maior apresenta inserção laminar. O footprint tem a altura e a largura média de 80,8 mm e 6,1 mm, respectivamente.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL

Choline kinase inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P interferes with lipid homeostasis in HepG2 cells

A full understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitors at the cell level is essential for developing therapeutic and preventive approaches for cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the ChoKα inhibitors EB-3D and EB-3P on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. We used [methyl-14C]choline, [1,2-14C]acetic acid and [2-3H]glycerol as exogenous precursors of the corresponding phospholipids and neutral lipids. [Methyl-14C]choline was also used to determine choline uptake. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. Ultrastructural alterations were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In this work, we demonstrate that EB-3D and EB-3P interfere with phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via both CDP-choline pathway and choline uptake by the cell. Moreover, the synthesis of both diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols was affected by cell exposure to both inhibitors. These effects were accompanied by a substantial decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as alterations in the expression of proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis. We also found that EB-3D and EB-3P lowered ChoKα protein levels. All these effects could be explained by the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. We show that both inhibitors cause mitochondrial alteration and an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. EB-3D and EB-3P exert effects on ChoKα expression, AMPK activation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Taken together, results show that EB-3D and EB-3P have potential anticancer activity through the deregulation of lipid metabolism.This work was aided by the Andalusian Regional Government (P11-CVI-7859). The inhibitors were developed under the Cei-Biotic Project CEI2013-MP-1 (University of Granada)

Estágio atual e perspectivas dos sistemas de união

The establishment of adhesion of restorative materials has been replaced by tooth-conserving adhesive methods. However, dentin bonding is still a challenge, due to the great variation of dentin. Nowadays, there is an amount of adhesives systems, depending on how the steps are accomplished or simplified. There is a trend to move away from multicomponents bonding systems toward simplified; which reduces not only the clinical application time but also the sensitivity of the technique. In spite of this, the micromechanical bonding mechanism offered by the current adhesives must be analyzed under different aspects, in order to decrease a nanoleakage. Therefore, the aim of this review is approach the most recent concepts in adhesive systems and perspectives for the future.O tratamento restaurador com a preservação de estrutura dental está fundamentado na utilização dos sistemas adesivos. Entretanto, a adesão à dentina tem sido um grande desafio para os pesquisadores, por ser um substrato heterogêneo. Atualmente, existe no mercado uma infinidade de marcas comerciais de sistemas adesivos com diferentes composições, métodos de aplicação e número de passos clínicos. Muitas vezes são lançados e retirados rapidamente do mercado, não havendo tempo para uma adequada avaliação clínica. Todos, de uma forma geral, têm como objetivo reduzir o número de passos operatórios e a sensibilidade da técnica adesiva e por sua vez, a microinfiltração. Diante desse questionamento, esta revisão teve como objetivo abordar o estágio atual em que se encontram os sistemas adesivos e quais as perspectivas futuras

Sobre la reforma de la Constitución

En esta encuesta un grupo de Catedráticos de Derecho Constitucional responden a un conjunto de preguntassobre la reforma constitucional: sobre las normas que rigen la reforma de la Constitución Española de 1978, sobre la prácticade dichas normas, sobre las materias constitucionales que sería necesario reformar, y, en particular, sobre la reforma introducidaen el art. 135 CE en 2011, tanto respecto al procedimiento seguido para la misma, como a su contenido. In this Academic Survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about constitutionalreform, and particularly about the regulation of Constitutional Reform in Spain, the practice of this constitutionalreform, the constitutional matters that should be amended or modified, and, of course, about the last constitutional reform ofart. 135 CE (the content of the reform and also the special reform procedure)

Clinical validation of risk scoring systems to predict risk of delayed bleeding after EMR of large colorectal lesions

[Background and Aims]: The Endoscopic Resection Group of the Spanish Society of Endoscopy (GSEED-RE) model and the Australian Colonic Endoscopic Resection (ACER) model were proposed to predict delayed bleeding (DB) after EMR of large superficial colorectal lesions, but neither has been validated. We validated and updated these models.[Methods]: A multicenter cohort study was performed in patients with nonpedunculated lesions ≥20 mm removed by EMR. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the GSEED-RE and ACER models. Difficulty performing EMR was subjectively categorized as low, medium, or high. We created a new model, including factors associated with DB in 3 cohort studies.[Results]: DB occurred in 45 of 1034 EMRs (4.5%); it was associated with proximal location (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-6.16), antiplatelet agents (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, .99-6.34) or anticoagulants (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 2.14-9.63), difficulty of EMR (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.41-7.40), and comorbidity (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, .99-4.47). The GSEED-RE and ACER models did not accurately predict DB. Re-estimation and recalibration yielded acceptable results (GSEED-RE area under the curve [AUC], .64 [95% CI, .54-.74]; ACER AUC, .65 [95% CI, .57-.73]). We used lesion size, proximal location, comorbidity, and antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy to generate a new model, the GSEED-RE2, which achieved higher AUC values (.69-.73; 95% CI, .59-.80) and exhibited lower susceptibility to changes among datasets.[Conclusions]: The updated GSEED-RE and ACER models achieved acceptable prediction levels of DB. The GSEED-RE2 model may achieve better prediction results and could be used to guide the management of patients after validation by other external groups. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT 03050333.)Research support for this study was received from “La Caixa/Caja Navarra” Foundation (ID 100010434;project PR15/11100006)

Temporary dense seismic network during the 2016 Central Italy seismic emergency for microzonation studies

In August 2016, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Central Italy, starting a devastating seismic sequence, aggravated by other two events of magnitude 5.9 and 6.5, respectively. After the first mainshock, four Italian institutions installed a dense temporary network of 50 seismic stations in an area of 260 km2. The network was registered in the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks with the code 3A and quoted with a Digital Object Identifier ( https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/ku7Xm12Yy9 ). Raw data were converted into the standard binary miniSEED format, and organized in a structured archive. Then, data quality and completeness were checked, and all the relevant information was used for creating the metadata volumes. Finally, the 99 Gb of continuous seismic data and metadata were uploaded into the INGV node of the European Integrated Data Archive repository. Their use was regulated by a Memorandum of Understanding between the institutions. After an embargo period, the data are now available for many different seismological studies.Publishedid 1825T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaJCR Journa