Caractérisation et valorisation de protections solaires pour la conception de bâtiments (analyse expérimentale et propositions de modélisations)

Lors d une démarche de modélisation énergétique d un bâtiment, la prise en compte de l enveloppe solaire reste souvent imprécise. L objet du travail présenté ici est la description détaillée de solutions de protections solaires, induisant un tirage thermique (bardage, store), dans un objectif de modélisation et de valorisation pour répondre aux besoins d industriels du secteur ; la caractérisation des performances permet alors d assister la maitrise d œuvre en phase conception.La mise en place d une plateforme expérimentale mur exposé sud muni d une protection solaire devant lame d air a permis la mesure de températures d airs et d éléments solides présents dans le système, de vitesses d écoulement dans la lame d air ouverte, et du flux radiatif incident. Deux types de bardage bois, un type de store et un type de métal déployé ont été considérés.Parallèlement, un modèle 1D amélioré de transfert de chaleur dans le système étudié est développé. Trois familles de modèle de convection dans la lame d air sont identifiées, présentées et intégrées dans le modèle global. La description de l écoulement dans la lame d air est retenue à partir d analyses des résultats expérimentaux.Un modèle simplifié d intégration de tels systèmes de protections solaires dans des plateformes de simulation thermique de bâtiments est proposé, basé sur la paramétrisation des sollicitations extérieures par le facteur solaire. La méthode de calcul du facteur solaire est présentée. Le caractère intrinsèque facteur solaire et son intérêt sont discutés notamment à partir d analyse de sensibilités.During the design process of a building, the energetic modelling of the solar envelop is often imprecise. The purpose of the present work is the detailed description of solar shading devices that induce a chimney effect such as claddings or blinds, which would allow their promotion in order to meet the industrial needs of the sector. An experimental platform south facing wall with a shading solar device that define an air gap has been set up and allow the measurement of temperatures, air flows in the ventilated air gap, and the incident solar radiation. Two different wooden claddings, one type of blinds and one type of expanded metal were considered.A 1D model has been developed by considering precisely the heat transfers in the system. Three families of convection model are identified, presented and integrated in the overall model. The description of the airflow in the air gap is chosen from analysis of the experimental results.A simplified model that allows the integration of such solar shading devices in a building simulation platform has been developed; it is based on the parameterization of external solicitations as function of the shading device properties. The calculation method of the solar factor is presented. The intrinsic nature of the solar factor is then discussed using sensibility analysis.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Anomalie sur l'ECG de repos d'un échantillon de sportifs amateurs maino-ligériens dans le cadre d'une campagne de dépistage des cardiopathies à risque de mort subite

Objectifs : L'électrocardiogramme de repos (ECG) est recommandé par certaines sociétés cardiologiques dans la visite de non contre-indication à la pratique sportive en prévention de la mort subite. Cette étude épidémiologique a pour but d'évaluer la prévalence des anomalies électrocardiographiques chez des sportifs de 12 à 35 ans à haut niveau d entraînement et le nombre d examens complémentaires engendrés. Matériels et méthodes : Dans le cadre d'une campagne de dépistage organisée en Maine et Loire, 459 sportifs amateurs (pratiquant > 6 h/semaine), volontaires, ont bénéficié d'un ECG (mai 2011-décembre 2012). L'analyse des ECG réalisée grâce à une grille validée a permis de les classer comme normaux ou nécessitant un avis cardiologique. Les avis spécialisés et résultats des examens complémentaires ont été recueillis à partir du dossier médical ou contact téléphonique. Résultats : Sur les 432 ECG retenus, 54 présentent une anomalie. Les anomalies les plus fréquentes sont : hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche électrique, espace PR raccourci et troubles de la repolarisation. Cette anomalie est plus fréquente chez les femmes (p<0,05). Finalement, 24 ECG ont été considérés normaux par le cardiologue. Vingt et une échocardiographies et 9 épreuves d'effort ont été indiquées. En définitive, une véritable hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche a été diagnostiquée.Aims: A resting electrocardiogram (ECG) is required by cardiologic societies for a pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes to prevent any sudden death. The aim of the present epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities on trained athletes aged 12 to 35 as well as the number of additional test consequently needed. Materials and methods: As part of a screening campaign lead in Maine et Loire, 459 non-professional volunteer athletes (training at least 6 hours per week) have benefited of a resting ECG (may 2011-december 2012). ECG analysis was done with a standard gird and then categorised from normal to requiring an expert cardiologic advice. The expert advice and results of cardiac additional examinations were obtained from medical records or phone call. Results: On 432 reported ECG, 54 have shown an abnormality. The most common were: electric left ventricular hypertrophy, shortened space PR and repolarisation disorders. This last abnormality was more often in women than men (p<0.05). After all, 24 ECG were considered as normal by the cardiologist. 21 echocardiography and 9 maximal exercise tests have been indicated. At the end, one real left ventricular hypertrophy has been detected.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Geo-temporal structuring of a personal image database with two-level variational-Bayes mixture estimation

International audienceThis paper addresses unsupervised hierarchical classication of personal documents tagged with time and geolocation stamps. The target application is browsing among these documents. A rst partition of the data is built, based on geo-temporal measurement. The events found are then grouped according to geolocation. This is carried out through tting a two-level hierarchy of mixture models to the data. Both mixtures are estimated in a Bayesian setting, with a variational proce- dure: the classical VBEM algorithm is applied for the ner level, while a new variational-Bayes-EM algorithm is introduced to search for suitable groups of mixture components from the ner level. Experimental results are reported on articial and real data

An Adaptive Building Skin Concept Resulting from a New Bioinspiration Process: Design, Prototyping, and Characterization

Building envelopes can manage light, heat gains or losses, and ventilation and, as such, play a key role in the overall building performance. Research has been focusing on increasing their efficiency by proposing dynamic and adaptive systems, meaning that they evolve to best meet the internal and external varying conditions. Living organisms are relevant examples of adaptability as they have evolved, facing extreme conditions while maintaining stable internal conditions for survival. From a framework based on the inspiration of living envelopes such as animal constructions or biological skins, the concept of an adaptive envelope inspired by the Morpho butterfly was proposed. The system can manage heat, air, and light transfers going through the building and includes adaptive elements with absorption coefficients varying with temperature. This paper presents the developed framework that led to the final concept as well as the concept implementation and assessment. A prototype for heat and light management was built and integrated into a test bench. Measurements were performed to provide a first assessment of the system. In parallel, geometrical parametric models were created to compare multiple configurations in regards to indicators such as air, light, or heat transfers. One of the models provided light projections on the system that were compared with measurements and validated as suitable inputs in grey-box models for the system characterization

Psychometric properties of a Creole version of Medical Outcome Study – Short Form 36 among type II diabetes patients on Reunion Island

IntroductionHealth quality of life assessment is particularly important to measure the impact of chronic diseases. The aims of this study were to provide a cross-culturally adapted Creole-translation of the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and to assess psychometric performance of the Creole and French versions of the SF-36 among patients with type II diabetes in Reunion Island.Materials and methodsThe Creole translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes were based on the International Quality Of Life Assessment (IQOLA) methods. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity using Multi-Trait-Multi-Method analysis and structural validity using exploratory factor analysis of the SF-36 for both versions were performed.ResultsIn the Creole version of the SF-36, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.70 for all subscales except general health. In the French SF-36, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.70 on all subscales except general health and bodily pain. In the Creole SF-36, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for reproducibility was suboptimal. Multi-trait multi-method analysis showed that item-scale correlation exceeded 0.4 for all items except two general health items of the Creole SF-36 and one of the French SF-36. Factor analysis of 2 versions showed that the physical functioning, vitality, and mental health were each divided into two subscales.DiscussionOverall, our findings provided evidence that the SF-36 is adapted to Reunion Island in both Creole and French versions. However, further research could be conducted to investigate French–Creole differences in perceived health status and a cultural adaptation of the French version will be considered

Activating mutations in genes related to TCR signaling in angioimmunoblastic and other follicular helper T-cell-derived lymphomas.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and other lymphomas derived from follicular T-helper cells (TFH) represent a large proportion of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) with poorly understood pathogenesis and unfavorable treatment results. We investigated a series of 85 patients with AITL (n = 72) or other TFH-derived PTCL (n = 13) by targeted deep sequencing of a gene panel enriched in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling elements. RHOA mutations were identified in 51 of 85 cases (60%) consisting of the highly recurrent dominant negative G17V variant in most cases and a novel K18N in 3 cases, the latter showing activating properties in in vitro assays. Moreover, half of the patients carried virtually mutually exclusive mutations in other TCR-related genes, most frequently in PLCG1 (14.1%), CD28 (9.4%, exclusively in AITL), PI3K elements (7%), CTNNB1 (6%), and GTF2I (6%). Using in vitro assays in transfected cells, we demonstrated that 9 of 10 PLCG1 and 3 of 3 CARD11 variants induced MALT1 protease activity and increased transcription from NFAT or NF-κB response element reporters, respectively. Collectively, the vast majority of variants in TCR-related genes could be classified as gain-of-function. Accordingly, the samples with mutations in TCR-related genes other than RHOA had transcriptomic profiles enriched in signatures reflecting higher T-cell activation. Although no correlation with presenting clinical features nor significant impact on survival was observed, the presence of TCR-related mutations correlated with early disease progression. Thus, targeting of TCR-related events may hold promise for the treatment of TFH-derived lymphomas

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)