The relationship between psychopathology and emotional intelligence in adolescents and adults

Some authors are convinced that emotional regulation is related with the maintenance, and also with the development, of psychopathological disorders. According to different studies, emotional intelligence (EI) is not a good predictor of psychological disorders in adolescents. We conducted a study with an adolescent and adult population to examine the relation between EI and psychopathological disorders. The TMMS 24 Questionnaire by Salovey and Mayer was used to measure EI, while Pichot''s PNP questionnaire was employed to measure subjects'' psychopathological trends. The differences between adults and adolescents were significant for both TMMS 24 and PNP. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Study of learning strategies and cognitive capacities in hearing and non-hearing pupils

One very important matter in hearing-impaired pupils is to know whether they use different learning strategies to hearing pupils students. Similarly, knowing if they have the same cognitive capacities as their hearing peers is also interesting. Research was done to compare the cognitive capacities of hearing-impaired pupils to hearing pupils in years 4, 5 and 6 of primary education with the TEA1 test. In parallel, use of learning strategies by both pupil types was studied. The study sample was formed by 223 pupils aged between 9 and 12 years (distributed in the above three primary education years). The results barely showed any differences in cognitive capacities, but a significant difference was observed in study habits and using certain strategies between students with and without hearing impairments

Perfil de los estudiantes como conductores en comparación con los conductores profesionales

La conducción conlleva el ejecutar toda una serie de tareas de manera que la toma de decisiones se convierte muchas veces en muy precisa. En este sentido, las características psicológicas de los conductores son determinantes, al igual que la valoración que hacen de la forma y tipo de conducción. Por ello el saber del perfil de los conductores es muy importante para poder valorar su conducción. Se realizó una investigación con estudiantes y profesionales de la conducción donde se analizó su tipo y forma de conducir junto con factores como la ansiedad, personalidad, psicopatologías e inteligencia emocional. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto el control de los profesionales en alguno de estos factores, lo que los lleva a percibir su conducción como segura y buena, existiendo diferencias significativas con los estudiantes en dichas variables. Driving involves carrying out a whole series of tasks so that decision making often becomes very precise. In this sense, the psychological characteristics of drivers are decisive, as well as the assessment they make of the form and type of driving. Therefore, the knowledge of the profile of drivers is very important to assess their driving. A research was carried out with students and driving professionals where they analyzed their type and driving style together with factors such as anxiety, personality, psychopathologies and emotional intelligence, the results showed the control of professionals in any of these factors, which leads them to perceive their driving as safe and good, there being significant differences with students in these variables

Translation and validation into Spanish of the Formal Thought Disorder Scales

This paper has investigated the internal consistency and the factorial structure of a Spanish version of the Thought Disorder Scales using a sample of 102 individuals (50% men; Average age=40.84 years). The results support the internal consistency of the scales. During our research, it was found that the components of both scales saturate the same factor when they are compared with each other. Additionally, the research's data shows that the scales have good reliability. During our research, it was found that the components of both scales saturate the same factor when they are compared with each other. The totals of the factors from both scales have high values; more specifically, the FTD-Patient scale has a value of .937 and the FTD-Caregiver scale has .991. The exploratory factor analysis clearly demonstrated that the accumulated variance of the Thought Disorder Scales factors was 77.60%. Also, the invariance of this structure across gender was demonstrated. Overall our findings suggest that the REIS instrument is easy to understand and fast to complete, it is considered valid for the assessment EI in Spanish-speaking

Inteligencia emocional centrada en uno mismo y en el otro: Escala Rotterdam de Inteligencia Emocional (REIS)

El objetivo de este estudio fue la adaptación y validación al español de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Rotterdam (REIS) (Pekaar, Bakker, van der Linden, & Born, 2018) (N = 384, edad = 29.32 años). Se realizaron dos estudios: 1) la traducción de la escala REIS al español y se evaluó su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez convergente; y 2) el análisis factorial confirmatorio del cuestionario. Se obtuvieron cuatro factores: evaluación emocional centrada en sí mismo, evaluación de emociones centrada en otros, regulación de la emoción centrada en uno mismo y regulación de las emociones enfocadas en los otros. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró claramente que los factores de la escala REIS presentan una varianza acumulada del 56.07 %, que mostraron ser capaces de explicar la variación única de inteligencia emocional. Por su parte, el análisis factorial confirmatorio verificó la adecuación del modelo, con una estructura sustentable compuesta por los cuatro factores identificados y 28 ítems. El REIS es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en población española. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the Scale of Emotional Intelligence of Rotterdam (REIS) (Pekaar, Bakker, van der Linden, & Born, 2018) (N = 384, age = 29.32 years). Two studies were carried out: 1) the translation of the REIS scale into Spanish was carried out and its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were evaluated; and 2) the confirmatory factorial analysis of the questionnaire was carried out. Four factors were obtained: self-centered emotional evaluation, evaluation of emotions centered on others, regulation of self-centered emotion and regulation of emotions focused on others. The exploratory factorial analysis showed clearly that the factors of the REIS scale have a cumulative variance of 56.07 %, showing being able to explain the unique variation of emotional intelligence. For its part, the confirmatory factor analysis confirms the adequacy of the model, with a sustainable model composed of the four identified factors and 28 items. The REIS is an easy instrument to understand and quick to complete, so it is considered useful for the evaluation of emotional intelligence in the Spanish population

A multi-stakeholder multicriteria decision analysis for the reimbursement of orphan drugs (FinMHU-MCDA study)

Background: Patient access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) is limited and varies between countries, reimbursement decisions on OMPs are complex, and there is a need for more transparent processes to know which criteria should be considered to inform these decisions. This study aimed to determine the most relevant criteria for the reimbursement of OMPs in Spain, from a multi-stakeholder perspective, and using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). Methods: An MCDA was developed in 3 phases and included 28 stakeholders closely related to the field of rare diseases (6 physicians, 5 hospital pharmacists, 7 health economists, 4 patient representatives and 6 members from national and regional health authorities). Initially [phase A], a bibliographic review was conducted to identify the potential reimbursement criteria. Then, a reduced advisory board (8 members) proposed, selected, and defined the final list of criteria that could be relevant for reimbursement. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) [phase B] was developed to determine the relevance and relative importance weight of such criteria according to the stakeholders’ preferences by choosing between pairs of hypothetical financing scenarios. A multinomial logit model was fitted to analyze the DCE responses. Finally [phase C], the advisory board review the results using a deliberative process. Results: Thirteen criteria were selected, related to 4 dimensions: patient population, disease, treatment, and economic evaluation. Nine criteria were deemed relevant for decision-making and associated with a higher relative importance: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) (23.53%), treatment efficacy (14.64%), availability of treatment alternatives (13.51%), disease severity (12.62%), avoided costs (11.21%), age of target population (7.75%), safety (seriousness of adverse events) (4.72%), quality of evidence (3.82%) and size of target population (3.12%). The remaining criteria had a < 3% relative importance: economic burden of disease (2.50%), cost of treatment (1.73%), cost-effectiveness (0.83%) and safety (frequency of adverse events) (0.03%). Conclusion: The reimbursement of OMPs in Spain should be determined by its effect on patient’s HRQL, the extent of its therapeutic benefit from efficacy and the availability of other therapeutic options. Furthermore, the severity of the rare disease should also influence the decision along with the potential of the treatment to avoid associated costs

Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Spain: a cost-effectiveness analysis

A cost-effectiveness analysis was made to determine the effectiveness of the following strategies of mass immunization with the new recombinant vaccine against the hepatitis B virus in Spain: vaccination of-adolescents, newborns, both populations, and vaccination plus passive immunization of newborns of HBsAg positive mothers. Decision trees supported on Markov models with Monte Carlo simulation have been used for the calculation of costs of the disease, and a mathematical model of differential equations was used for the simulation of the potential effectiveness of vaccination. The costs considered were those associated with the vaccination and travel of subjects, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. The results are presented as additional cost or saving per case of infection prevented In all assumptions, results showed that the most effective strategy for mass vaccination was the combination of vaccinating all adolescents together with active and passive immunization of children born to HBsAg positive mothers

Luminescence chronology of cave sediments at the Atapuerca paleoanthropological site, Spain

Ascertaining the timing of the peopling of Europe, after the first out-of-Africa demographic expansion at the end of the Pliocene, is of great interest to paleoanthropologists. One of the earliest direct evidences for fossil hominins in western Europe comes from an infilled karstic cave site called Gran Dolina at Atapuerca, in a stratum w1.5 m below the Brunhes–Matuyama (B–M) geomagnetic boundary (780 ka) within lithostratigraphic unit TD6. However, most of the meters of fossil- and tool-bearing strata at Gran Dolina have been difficult to date. Therefore, we applied both thermoluminescence (TL) and infraredstimulated-luminescence (IRSL) multi-aliquot dating methods to fine-silt fractions from sediment samples within Gran Dolina and the nearby Galerı´a cave site. We also applied these methods to samples from the present-day surface soils on the surrounding limestone hill slopes to test the luminescenceclock-zeroing-by-daylight assumption. Within the uppermost 4 m of the cave deposits at Gran Dolina, TL and paired TL and IRSL ages range stratigraphically from 198 19 ka to 244 26 ka. Throughout Gran Dolina, all luminescence results are stratigraphically self-consistent and, excepting results from two stratigraphic units, are consistent with prior ESR-U-series ages from progressively deeper strata. Thermoluminescence ages culminate at 960 120 ka approximately 1 m below the 780 ka B–M boundary. At Galería, with one exception, TL and IRSL ages range stratigraphically downward from 185 26 ka to 503 95 ka at the base of the lowermost surface-inwash facies. These results indicate that TL and (sometimes) IRSL are useful dating tools for karstic inwash sediments older than ca. 100 ka, and that a more accurate chronostratigraphic correlation is now possible among the main Atapuerca sites (Gran Dolina, Galería, Sima de los Huesos). Furthermore, the oldest TL age of ca. 960 ka from Gran Dolina, consistent with biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic evidence, implies a probable numeric age of 900–950 ka for the oldest hominin remains (w0.8 m below the TL sample). This age window suggests a correspondence to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 25, a relatively warm and humid interglaciation

Isotopic analysis of the ecology of herbivores and carnivores from the Middle Pleistocene deposits of the Sierra De Atapuerca, northern Spain

Carbon and oxygen isotope values reveal resource partitioning among the large mammal fauna from three contemporaneous Middle Pleistocene hominid-bearing localities within the Sierra de Atapuerca (northern Spain). Carbon isotope values sampled from the tooth enamel of fauna present during Atapuerca Faunal Unit 6 show that a C3-dominated ecosystem surrounded the area where fossils were preserved during this time. For the herbivores, Fallow deer isotope values are significantly different from Red deer and horses and show that this species did not forage in open environments at this locality. Red deer and horses show similar feeding strategies with less negative carbon values implying use of more open environments for these taxa. For the carnivores, carbon isotope values for Ursus deningeri are significantly different from either lions (Panthera leo) or foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and support the contention that this species is herbivorous. Special metabolic mechanisms involved in hibernation in U. deningeri might also have influenced its isotope values. The carbon isotope values of remaining carnivores were similar and suggest that each was typically a generalist carnivore, eating a wide variety of prey items. While the isotopic results generally correspond to ecology indicated by previous techniques, this study shows that isotope analyses can provide further insights that alternate techniques do not provide. Isotope analyses can help elucidate the ancient ecology of taxa present in the Sierra de Atapuerca during the Middle Pleistocene allowing for an accurate portrayal of the setting in which humans lived