Diskursiv diskriminering från ovan - En studie av politiska eliters retorik i 2002 och 2010 års svenska valrörelser

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the features of the Swedish parliamentary parties’ immigration-discourse regarding discursive discrimination in the election campaigns of 2002 and 2010. Immigration-discourse here both includes what is said and written about different categories of immigrants and aspects of integration. This is approached from a critical discourse analytical perspective with a focus on Teun van Dijk’s theory about elite discourse and racism. The specific text analytical tools used are based on the typology discursive discrimination that is developed by Kristina Boréus. The typology consists of fours main concepts: (1) exclusion from discourse; (2) depreciation; (3) objectification; and (4) proposals pointing towards unfavourable non-linguistic treatment. The psychological distance to people that is created through othering is also analysed. The results found are that between 2002 and 2010 refuge policies has taken a more central position in the discourse but is also in some aspects included in the discussions about integration that otherwise is dominating. Moreover, discursive discrimination of immigrants occurs in both election campaigns but has also changed over time. More specifically, in 2010 there are more examples of depreciation and proposals pointing towards unfavourable non-linguistic treatment

A Changing Gastric Environment Leads to Adaptation of Lipopolysaccharide Variants in Helicobacter pylori Populations during Colonization

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomachs of half of the human population, and causes development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis (ChAG) with loss of the acid-producing parietal cells, is correlated with an increased risk for development of gastric adenocarinoma. The majority of H. pylori isolates produce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) decorated with human-related Lewis epitopes, which have been shown to phase-vary in response to different environmental conditions. We have characterized the adaptations of H. pylori LPS and Lewis antigen expression to varying gastric conditions; in H. pylori isolates from mice with low or high gastric pH, respectively; in 482 clinical isolates from healthy individuals and from individuals with ChAG obtained at two time points with a four-year interval between endoscopies; and finally in isolates grown at different pH in vitro. Here we show that the gastric environment can contribute to a switch in Lewis phenotype in the two experimental mouse models. The clinical isolates from different human individuals showed that intra-individual isolates varied in Lewis antigen expression although the LPS diversity was relatively stable within each individual over time. Moreover, the isolates demonstrated considerable diversity in the levels of glycosylation and in the sizes of fucosylated O-antigen chains both within and between individuals. Thus our data suggest that different LPS variants exist in the colonizing H. pylori population, which can adapt to changes in the gastric environment and provide a means to regulate the inflammatory response of the host during disease progression

Knowledge partnerships between schools and universities: modelling the process of connection and relations

The purpose of this paper is to throw light on sustained research–practice collaborations (called ‘schemes’ here) aimed at improving educational outcomes. The empirical work combines a survey of thirteen school–university knowledge-exchange schemes in six European countries, with four case studies drawn from these. Three theoretical models of knowledge use are employed to aid analysis of these cases. It is suggested that a judicious mix of the three perspectives helps in understanding what makes such collaborations successful. Stages in the cyclical process of improving practice through use of research are described, beginning with frank analysis of pre-existing ways of thinking and culminating in the challenge of altering established practice.The authors were brought together through the EIPPEE network (Evidence Informed Policy and Practice in Education in Europe) supported by the European Commission.Peer Reviewe

Gastronomy and creative entrepreneurship in rural tourism: encouraging sustainable community development

No abstract available

Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe

We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost four hundred thousand polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of western and far eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ~8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary, and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a ~24,000 year old Siberian6 . By ~6,000-5,000 years ago, a resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry had occurred throughout much of Europe, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ~4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ~3/4 of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ~3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for the theory of a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe

Beiteatferd, habitatseleksjon og produktivitet hos storfe på utmarksbeite

Politiske målsetninger om økt storfekjøttproduksjon i Innlandet gjør at storfebeiting i utmarker forventet å øke, og da særlig andelen av spesialiserte, internasjonale kjøttferaser. Storfeer avlet til å yte maksimalt på uniformt, flatt grasland. I skogen er habitatet mye mer variertog beiteressursene forekommer flekkvis og i lavere konsentrasjoner. Vi har studertbeiteatferd, habitatvalg og tilvekst til ammekyr i to studieområder i Sørøst-Norge, det enemed en dyretetthet langt under og det andre godt over beitekapasiteten. Vi brukte GPShalsbånd med innebygde aktivitetsmålere som overvåket dyrenes bevegelse hvert 5. eller10. minutt gjennom beitesesongen. Dessuten ble flere kyr og kalver veid ved slipp og vedsanking. Kyrne brukte omtrent en tredjedel av døgnet til beiting, men tilpasset beitetidentil daglengde og årstid. I områder med fattige habitatstyper forflyttet dyrene seg over størrearealer. Gamle setervoller var mest foretrukket, fulgt av hogstflater som var yngre ennfemten år. I området med høy dyretetthet foretrakk dyrene også noen habitattyper avmindre beitekvalitet. Under hvile foretrakk kyrne flate, grasrike plasser under trær.Tilveksten var størst i området med lav dyretetthet, og i det andre området fant vi en størreandel kyr som gikk ned i vekt i løpet av beitesesongen. Ekstensive raser viste høyest tilveksti området med lav dyretetthet. Lakterende kyr hadde lavere tilvekst, brukte mindre områderog brukte mer tid til beiting enn sin-kyr. Vi konkluderer med at internasjonale storferaserkan egne seg godt for de heterogene forhold i barskogen gitt at dyretettheten ikkeoverskrider beitekapasiteten. Forskning bør rettes mot positive og negative effekter sombeiting kan gi for det biologiske mangfoldet og andre økosystemtjenester i skogen, slik somskogbruket, jaktbart vilt og turisme

The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present

The authors acknowledge support from the National Genomics Infrastructure in Stockholm funded by Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Research Council, and SNIC/Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We used resources from projects SNIC 2022/23-132, SNIC 2022/22-117, SNIC 2022/23-163, SNIC 2022/22-299, and SNIC 2021-2-17. This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council project ID 2019-00849_VR and ATLAS (Riksbankens Jubileumsfond). Part of the modern dataset was supported by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), grant number 16/RC/3948, and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund and by FutureNeuro industry partners.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Paleo-Indian Entry into South America According to Mitogenomes

Recent and compelling archaeological evidence attests to human presence 14.5 ka at multiple sites in South America and a very early exploitation of extreme high-altitude Andean environments. Considering that, according to genetic evidence, human entry into North America from Beringia most likely occurred 16 ka, these archeological findings would imply an extremely rapid spread along the double continent. To shed light on this issue from a genetic perspective, we first completely sequenced 217 novel modern mitogenomes of Native American ancestry from the northwestern area of South America (Ecuador and Peru); we then evaluated them phylogenetically together with other available mitogenomes (430 samples, both modern and ancient) from the same geographic area and, finally, with all closely related mitogenomes from the entire double continent. We detected a large number (N¼ 48) of novel subhaplogroups, often branching into further subclades, belonging to two classes: those that arose in South America early after its peopling and those that instead originated in North or Central America and reached South America with the first settlers. Coalescence age estimates for these subhaplogroups provide time boundaries indicating that early Paleo-Indians probably moved from North America to the area corresponding to modern Ecuador and Peru over the short time frame of 1.5 ka comprised between 16.0 and 14.6 ka