Techos verdes: islas de biodiversidad en ambientes urbanos

El desarrollo de zonas verdes en las áreas urbanas constituye una actividad primordial para intentar atenuar los efectos negativos que ejerce el urbanismo sobre la biodiversidad. Una de las infraestructuras que contribuye a este objetivo son los techos verdes (tejados cubiertos por vegetación), cuya construcción ha experimentado un incremento significativo en las últimas décadas. Estas estructuras presentan el potencial de ser colonizadas de forma espontánea por especies vegetales nativas, actuando como soportes de biodiversidad vegetal en las ciudades. Sin embargo, no se conocen en profundidad los factores que determinan este proceso. En este trabajo se ha realizado un análisis bibliográfico y un metaanálisis con la finalidad de determinar qué grupos de plantas presentan un mayor potencial colonizador de los techos verdes, y cuáles son las características de los techos que más influyen en la colonización. Adicionalmente se ha realizado un inventario florístico en un techo verde en la isla de Tenerife con el objetivo de conocer qué plantas nativas son susceptibles de establecerse en estas infraestructuras. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la vegetación colonizadora de techos verdes está conformada mayoritariamente por especies nativas de herbáceas perennes, siendo las formas vitales dominantes hemicriptófitos y terófitos. Las especies espontáneas de flora representaron de media el 50% de la cobertura total de los techos verdes, y fueron el exceso de luz solar, la profundidad del sustrato, la presencia de especies plantadas, la implementación de riego, y la cercanía de fuentes de propágulos, los factores más determinantes en la colonización. La información analizada permite establecer el elevado potencial de los techos verdes como herramienta para el incremento de la biodiversidad vegetal en los núcleos urbanos, que podría ser particularmente aplicable en territorios insulares con una elevada expansión urbanísticaAbstract. Increasing green space in urban areas is essential to reduce the negative effects that urbanism causes on biodiversity. One of the infrastructures that contributes to this objective are green roofs (roofs covered by vegetation) whose construction has experienced a significant increase in recent decades. Green roofs can be colonized by spontaneous species of native flora supporting plant biodiversity in cities. However, the factors involved are not well-understood. In this work, a bibliographic analysis and a meta-analysis have been carried out in order to determine which groups of plants have the greatest colonizing potential and determine the parameters of the roofs that influence the most. Additionally, a vegetation releve has been carried out on a green roof in Tenerife with the aim of knowing which native plants are likely to inhabit these infrastructures. The results obtained show that the colonizing species of green roofs are mainly native, perennial and herbaceous plants and according the life form hemicryptophytes and therophytes are the most abundant groups. The spontaneous species of flora represented on average 50% of the total plant cover of the green roofs and the most important factors were the sunlight excess, the substrate depth, the presence of planted species, the implementation of irrigation and the proximity to a propagule source. The information analyzed shows the high potential of green roofs as a tool for increasing plant biodiversity in urban areas, which could be particularly applicable in island territories with high urban expansion

CORROSION-RESISTANT AUSTENITIC STEEL

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: steel contains carbon, chrome, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, aluminium, cobalt, lanthanum or calcium and iron at the following component ratio, wt %: carbon 0.01 - 0.03, chrome 8-15, nickel 10-12, molybdenum 1.5 - 2.5, titanium up to 0.3, cobalt 0.5 -1.0, aluminium 0.5 - 1.0, lanthanum or calcium 0.005-0.15, and iron is the rest. EFFECT: tensile strength of cold-deformed wire is increased up to 2000 MPa, and high strength and manufacturability is maintained. 1 ex.Изобретение относится к металлургии, а именно к получению коррозионно-стойкой высокопрочной теплостойкой аустенитной стали для изготовления проволоки тонких и наитончайших диаметров упругих элементов, пружин и медицинского инструмента. Сталь содержит углерод, хром, никель, титан, молибден, алюминий, кобальт, лантан или кальций, и железо при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: углерод 0,01-0,03, хром 8-15, никель 10-12, молибден 1,5-2,5, титан до 0,3, кобальт 0,5-1,0, алюминий 0,5-1,0, лантан или кальций 0,005-0,15, железо остальное. Повышается прочность на разрыв холоднодеформированной проволоки до 2000 МПа, при сохранении высокой прочности и технологичности

Disease Evolution and Response to Rapamycin in Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies-Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome Registry

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS), caused by autosomal dominant mutations in PIK3CD (APDS1) or PIK3R1 (APDS2), is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency. While initial cohort-descriptions summarized the spectrum of clinical and immunological manifestations, questions about long-term disease evolution and response to therapy remain. The prospective European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)-APDS registry aims to characterize the disease course, identify outcome predictors, and evaluate treatment responses. So far, 77 patients have been recruited (51 APDS1, 26 APDS2). Analysis of disease evolution in the first 68 patients pinpoints the early occurrence of recurrent respiratory infections followed by chronic lymphoproliferation, gastrointestinal manifestations, and cytopenias. Although most manifestations occur by age 15, adult-onset and asymptomatic courses were documented. Bronchiectasis was observed in 24/40 APDS1 patients who received a CT-scan compared with 4/15 APDS2 patients. By age 20, half of the patients had received at least one immunosuppressant, but 2–3 lines of immunosuppressive therapy were not unusual before age 10. Response to rapamycin was rated by physician visual analog scale as good in 10, moderate in 9, and poor in 7. Lymphoproliferation showed the best response (8 complete, 11 partial, 6 no remission), while bowel inflammation (3 complete, 3 partial, 9 no remission) and cytopenia (3 complete, 2 partial, 9 no remission) responded less well. Hence, non-lymphoproliferative manifestations should be a key target for novel therapies. This report from the ESID-APDS registry provides comprehensive baseline documentation for a growing cohort that will be followed prospectively to establish prognostic factors and identify patients for treatment studies

Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources

Peer reviewe

Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources

Dust particles from high latitudes have a potentially large local, regional, and global significance to climate and the environment as short-lived climate forcers, air pollutants, and nutrient sources. Identifying the locations of local dust sources and their emission, transport, and deposition processes is important for understanding the multiple impacts of high-latitude dust (HLD) on the Earth\u27s systems. Here, we identify, describe, and quantify the source intensity (SI) values, which show the potential of soil surfaces for dust emission scaled to values 0 to 1 concerning globally best productive sources, using the Global Sand and Dust Storms Source Base Map (G-SDS-SBM). This includes 64 HLD sources in our collection for the northern (Alaska, Canada, Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Sweden, and Russia) and southern (Antarctica and Patagonia) high latitudes. Activity from most of these HLD sources shows seasonal character. It is estimated that high-latitude land areas with higher (SI ≥0.5), very high (SI ≥0.7), and the highest potential (SI ≥0.9) for dust emission cover >1 670 000 km$^{2}$, >560 000 km$^{2}$, and >240 000 km$^{2}$, respectively. In the Arctic HLD region (≥60$^{∘}$ N), land area with SI ≥0.5 is 5.5 % (1 035 059 km$^{2}$), area with SI ≥0.7 is 2.3 % (440 804 km$^{2}$), and area with SI ≥0.9 is 1.1 % (208 701 km$^{2}$). Minimum SI values in the northern HLD region are about 3 orders of magnitude smaller, indicating that the dust sources of this region greatly depend on weather conditions. Our spatial dust source distribution analysis modeling results showed evidence supporting a northern HLD belt, defined as the area north of 50$^{∘}$ N, with a “transitional HLD-source area” extending at latitudes 50–58∘ N in Eurasia and 50–55$^{∘}$ N in Canada and a “cold HLD-source area” including areas north of 60$^{∘}$ N in Eurasia and north of 58$^{∘}$ N in Canada, with currently “no dust source” area between the HLD and low-latitude dust (LLD) dust belt, except for British Columbia. Using the global atmospheric transport model SILAM, we estimated that 1.0 % of the global dust emission originated from the high-latitude regions. About 57 % of the dust deposition in snow- and ice-covered Arctic regions was from HLD sources. In the southern HLD region, soil surface conditions are favorable for dust emission during the whole year. Climate change can cause a decrease in the duration of snow cover, retreat of glaciers, and an increase in drought, heatwave intensity, and frequency, leading to the increasing frequency of topsoil conditions favorable for dust emission, which increases the probability of dust storms. Our study provides a step forward to improve the representation of HLD in models and to monitor, quantify, and assess the environmental and climate significance of HLD

Care of patients with inborn errors of immunity in thirty J Project countries between 2004 and 2021

IntroductionThe J Project (JP) physician education and clinical research collaboration program was started in 2004 and includes by now 32 countries mostly in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE). Until the end of 2021, 344 inborn errors of immunity (IEI)-focused meetings were organized by the JP to raise awareness and facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with IEI.ResultsIn this study, meeting profiles and major diagnostic and treatment parameters were studied. JP center leaders reported patients’ data from 30 countries representing a total population of 506 567 565. Two countries reported patients from JP centers (Konya, Turkey and Cairo University, Egypt). Diagnostic criteria were based on the 2020 update of classification by the IUIS Expert Committee on IEI. The number of JP meetings increased from 6 per year in 2004 and 2005 to 44 and 63 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The cumulative number of meetings per country varied from 1 to 59 in various countries reflecting partly but not entirely the population of the respective countries. Altogether, 24,879 patients were reported giving an average prevalence of 4.9. Most of the patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (46,32%) followed by patients with combined immunodeficiencies (14.3%). The percentages of patients with bone marrow failure and phenocopies of IEI were less than 1 each. The number of patients was remarkably higher that those reported to the ESID Registry in 13 countries. Immunoglobulin (IgG) substitution was provided to 7,572 patients (5,693 intravenously) and 1,480 patients received hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT). Searching for basic diagnostic parameters revealed the availability of immunochemistry and flow cytometry in 27 and 28 countries, respectively, and targeted gene sequencing and new generation sequencing was available in 21 and 18 countries. The number of IEI centers and experts in the field were 260 and 690, respectively. We found high correlation between the number of IEI centers and patients treated with intravenous IgG (IVIG) (correlation coefficient, cc, 0,916) and with those who were treated with HSCT (cc, 0,905). Similar correlation was found when the number of experts was compared with those treated with HSCT. However, the number of patients treated with subcutaneous Ig (SCIG) only slightly correlated with the number of experts (cc, 0,489) and no correlation was found between the number of centers and patients on SCIG (cc, 0,174).Conclusions1) this is the first study describing major diagnostic and treatment parameters of IEI care in countries of the JP; 2) the data suggest that the JP had tremendous impact on the development of IEI care in ECE; 3) our data help to define major future targets of JP activity in various countries; 4) we suggest that the number of IEI centers and IEI experts closely correlate to the most important treatment parameters; 5) we propose that specialist education among medical professionals plays pivotal role in increasing levels of diagnostics and adequate care of this vulnerable and still highly neglected patient population; 6) this study also provides the basis for further analysis of more specific aspects of IEI care including genetic diagnostics, disease specific prevalence, newborn screening and professional collaboration in JP countries

Exploration des liens entre la personnalité, le vécu émotionnel en fin de journée et le sommeil

La présente étude a examiné l’effet des émotions de regret et de fierté sur la quantité du sommeil. Il a été prédit que l’activation de regrets chez les individus avant l’endormissement diminuerait la quantité du sommeil par rapport à l’activation de fierté ou au fait de décrire une journée-type (groupe contrôle). Nous avons également prédit que l’émotion de fierté ressentie avant l’endormissement augmenterait la quantité du sommeil en comparaison au groupe contrôle et au groupe regret. Enfin, nous avons prédit que le sommeil des personnes qui ont l’habitude d’avoir des regrets serait plus court dans la condition regret que le sommeil des personnes qui n’en ont pas l’habitude. La quantité du sommeil a été opérationnalisée par la latence d’endormissement, la durée totale du sommeil et le temps passé sans dormir en minutes. Les résultats ont révélé que seuls les individus qui ont l’habitude d’avoir des regrets ont eu le sommeil perturbé lorsqu’ils étaient amenés à décrire le regret le plus pesant dans leur esprit. Cet effet était indépendant des problèmes de sommeil habituels des participants

Patrones en la diversidad de especies, abundancia y grado de generalismo de los polinizadores en diferentes ambientes en la isla de Mallorca

[spa] Los polinizadores son un elemento crucial tanto para ecosistemas naturales como agrícolas en todo el mundo. La cuenca mediterránea presenta una alta diversidad de polinizadores y es uno de los centros con mayor diversidad de abejas. No obstante, todavía faltan muchos aspectos por estudiar de la polinización en esta parte del planeta. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la composición de especies, la diversidad, la similitud, el grado de generalismo y la abundancia entre polinizadores de tres zonas de la isla de Mallorca, dos costeras (Son Bosc y Cala Mesquida) y una de montaña (Puig Major). Además, se han estudiado las especies endémicas que hay en cada una de las tres zonas determinando el grado de amenaza que presentan y su grado de generalismo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los polinizadores más abundantes y aquellos que se encuentran tanto en costa como en montaña son generalistas, es decir visitan un número alto de especies de plantas. El número de especies generalistas más elevado lo han presentado los coleópteros, dípteros y abejas y prácticamente todas las especies endémicas de las tres zonas de estudio son generalistas (6 especies de 7). Por último, Puig Major ha mostrado ser la zona con mayor diversidad de polinizadores y, como se esperaba, las dos zonas costeras presentan mayor similitud entre ellas que con la zona de montaña.[cat] Els pol·linitzadors son un element crucial tant pels ecosistemes naturals com pels agrícoles de tot el món. La conca mediterrània presenta una alta diversitat de pol·linitzadors i és un dels centres amb major diversitat d’abelles, tot i això, encara falten molts aspectes per estudiar de la pol·linització en aquesta part del planeta. En aquest treball s’ha estudiat la composició d’espècies, la diversitat, la similitud, el grau de generalisme i l’abundància entre pol·linitzadors de tres zones de l’illa de Mallorca, dues costeres (Son Bosc i Cala Mesquida) i una de muntanya (Puig Major). A més, s’han estudiat les especies endèmiques que hi havia a cada una de les tres zones determinant el grau d’amenaça que presenten i el seu grau de generalisme. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que els pol·linitzadors més abundants i aquells que es troben tant a la costa com a la muntanya són generalistes, és a dir que visiten les flors d’un bon nombre de plantes. El nombre d’espècies generalistes més elevat l’han presentat els coleòpters, dípters i abelles, i pràcticament totes les espècies endèmiques de les tres zones d’estudi són generalistes (6 espècies de 7). Per últim, el Puig Major ha mostrat ser la zona amb major diversitat de pol·linitzadors y, tal com s’esperava, les dues zones costeres presenten major similitud entre elles que amb la zona de muntanya.[eng] Pollinators are a crucial element of both natural and agricultural ecosystems around the world. The Mediterranean basin has a high diversity of pollinators and it is one of the centres with greatest diversity of bees. However, there are still a lot of aspects that need studying regarding pollination in this part of the planet. In this work, we have studied the following aspects: the composition of species, the diversity, similarity, degree of specialization and abundance of the pollinators of three areas of the island of Mallorca, two of them coastal areas (Son Bosc and Cala Mesquida) and one mountain area (Puig Major). Moreover, we have examined the endemic species of each area and have assessed their degree of vulnerability besides their degree of specialization. The results obtained indicate that the most abundant pollinators and those that are in both the coastal and the mountain area are generalist species, i.e. they visit a high number of plant species. The highest number of generalist species were coleopterans, dipterans and bees and most endemic species of all three areas are generalists (6 out of 7 species). Lastly, Puig Major has shown to be the zone with the highest diversity of pollinators and, as expected, both coastal areas are more similar between them regarding pollinators than when compared to the mountain area

Organization of implementation of anti-crisis strategy at the enteprise LLC "ICDD"

An object of the research is LLC “ICDD”. The purpose of the bachelor’s thesis is the development of a restructuring strategy for LLC “ICDD”. Based on the financial and economic analysis of the company the crisis was confirmed and high probability of bankruptcy was identified. The marketing analysis allowed identifying the most demanded type of products as well as allocating the main competitors of LLC “ICDD”. The particular strategy of business restructuring was developed and the implementation activities were described. Financial project evaluation was conducted and the following indicators were calculated: rate of return, discount rate and net present value of the project. Commercial attractiveness was estimated by calculating the internal rate of return and the profitability index. Implementation of the restructuring strategy at LLC “ICDD” will lead to better crisis management and will increase the company’s net profit

Maternité en contexte migratoire : dépression et anxiété périnatales, acculturation et sentiment de compétence maternelle

La transition au statut de mère constitue une des transitions les plus importantes dans la vie d'une femme. Au-delà de la joie que peut procurer une naissance, la grossesse et le postpartum représentent une période de vulnérabilité psychique. Lorsque cette transition se déroule dans un environnement sécurisant, la jeune mère peut s'épanouir dans son nouveau rôle. Dans le cas contraire, lorsque la femme rencontre des difficultés sociales, familiales ou environnementales, la transition à la maternité peut s'accompagner d'une détresse psychologique, voire d'une dépression. Ce cas de figure s'observe souvent chez les femmes migrantes qui font face à un cumul de facteurs de risque environnementaux et socioculturels. Cette thèse vise à apporter un éclairage au sujet de la santé mentale périnatale des femmes migrantes, précaires et non précaires, comparées à des femmes suisses. Il s'agit d'une étude longitudinale qui se propose 1) de rendre compte des taux de la dépression et de l'anxiété périnatales, 2) de mieux comprendre des patterns d'évolution de la dépression et de l'anxiété de la grossesse au postpartum, 3) d'identifier des facteurs de risque psychosociaux et socioculturels sur le développement des troubles anxio-dépressifs périnataux, 4) d'évaluer le sentiment de compétence maternelle, 5) de recueillir les récits des femmes afin de comprendre leurs vécus durant la période périnatale.