DINAMIKA KUALITAS AIR PADA PEMBESARAN UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) SECARA INTENSIF DI PT. ANDULANG SHRIMP FARM DESA ANDULANG KECAMATAN GAPURA KABUPATEN SUMENEP JAWA TIMUR

Litopenaeus vannamei merupakan salah satu produk perikanan terpenting di Indonesia. Sejak agroindustri udang windu di Indonesia mengalami penurunan, pengembangan vannamei menjadi alternatif yang cocok untuk kegiatan budidaya. Pengelolaan kualitas air yang baik dan tepat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas udang vannamei. Air memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan budidaya udang vannamei khususnya di tambak intensif. Parameter kualitas air harus dalam kisaran yang baik untuk mendukung tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vannamei. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dinamika kualitas air (Litopenaeus vannamei) di PT. Andulang Shrimp Farm, Desa Andulang, Kecamatan Gapura, Kabupaten Sumenep, Jawa Timur. Pengukuran kualitas air yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pengukuran kecerahan air, suhu, salinitas, DO, NH4+, NO2-, PO4, kepadatan plankton dan jumlah bakteri di perairan. Pengukuran kualitas air dilakukan pada tambak D1 dan D2. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air baik parameter kimia, fisika maupun biologi, tambak D1 berhasil dipanen pada DOC 70 dengan total tonase 1413,25 ton, SR 64,05 % dan FCR 1,84. Sedangkan pada tambak D2 panen total dilakukan pada DOC 59 dengan total tonase 1027,46 ton, SR 73,01% dan FCR 1,82

Struktur Dan Integrasi Pasar Kopi Arabika Gayo Di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Dan Bener Meriah

Kopi Arabika Gayo merupakan komoditas utama di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan Bener Meriah. Sebagian besar (86%) produksi kopi diekspor ke pasar dunia. Selama tahun 2006-2012, pergerakan harga kopi di tingkat eksportir mengalami kenaikan sebesar 17,18%, namun di tingkat petani mengalami penurunan sebesar 1,73%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur dan integrasi pasar kopi Arabika Gayo. Data yang digunakan merupakan data time series harga bulanan kopi selama tahun 2008-2012. Analisis struktur pasar ditentukan melalui rasio konsentrasi empat Perusahaan terbesar (CR4) dan hambatan masuk pasar melalui nilai skala efisiensi minimum (Minimum Efficiency Scale/MES). Analisis integrasi pasar menggunakan model yang telah dikembangkan oleh Ravallion (1986). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rasio empat Perusahaan terbesar (CR4) di tingkat eksportir sebesar 71,12% dan terdapat hambatan masuk pasar yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai MES sebesar 28,53%. Karakteristik struktur pasar menunjukkan bahwa pasar terkonsentrasi dengan tingkat persaingan yang kecil. Struktur pasar yang terbentuk mengarah pada struktur pasar oligopsonistik dan terdapat lembaga pemasaran yang dominan dalam proses penentuan harga yaitu eksportir. Selain itu, analisis integrasi pasar menunjukkan bahwa pasar kopi di tingkat petani tidak terintegrasi dengan eksportir baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses penentuan harga petani cenderung sebagai penerima harga.Kata Kunci: Kopi Arabika Gayo, struktur pasar, integrasi pasar, harga, oligopsonistikArabica Gayo Coffee is the main commodity of Central Aceh and Bener Meriah regencies. Almost 86 percents of coffee bean produced from those areas is exported to the world market. Though the coffee price increased 17.18 percent at the exporter level during 2006 to 2012, but at the farm level the price of coffee decreased 1.73 percent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and integration market of Arabica Gayo coffee. The data used was monthly time series of prices during 2008 to 2012. The analysis of market structure is determined by the concentration ratio of four large firms (CR4) and barriers to market entry through the Minimum Efficiency Scale (MES) value. The analysis of market integration used models that have been developed by Ravallion (1986). Research results showed that the market concentration ratio (CR4) at the exporter level was 71.12 percents and there were barriers to enter the Arabica Gayo coffee market with MES of 28.53 percents. These structural characteristics indicated that market structure is concentrated with a small level of competition. The market structure is oligopsonistic and there is a single marketing institution which determine the Arabica Gayo coffee price. This single institution is exporter. In addition, analysis of market integration showed that the coffee market at the farm level was not integrated with the exporter level in the long and short term. These analysis showed that the farmers are price taker

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Piper crocatum Leaves and Cinnamomum burmannii Bark Mixture Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Indonesia presently has the fourth largest diabetic mellitus prevalence of all countries in the world. In a previous study, a mixture extract of Piper crocatum leaves and Cinnamomum burmannii bark showed in vitro antihyperglycemic activity. It acted as inhibitor of the a-glucosidase enzyme and had no toxic effect when it was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days. In the present study, mixture extracts of P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark were used to observe antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. Mixture extracts of P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark were orally given to diabetic Sprague Dawley rats at various doses for 16 days. The results showed that the treatment led to a reduction of the blood glucose level, an increase in blood insulin level up to 170.75% at 1260 mg/kg body weight, maintaining the blood lipid level of the diabetic rats at a normal level, and an increase of pancreatic ß cells in the islets of Langerhans up to 2.2-fold at 1260 mg/kg body weight. The mixture extracts of P. crocatum and C. burmannii have antihyperglycemic activity, which enhances the number of pancreatic β cells

Aspetti strategici, motivazionali ed emotivi e successo accademico. Progettazione e conduzione di un'indagine sugli studenti dell'Università di Padova [Technical Report Series, 1/2012]

Quali sono le principali cause che incidono sull’abbandono, sul ritardo e sul cambio di percorso negli studi universitari? Quali atteggiamenti e quali risorse personali mettono in campo gli studenti che riescono a superare le difficoltà? Quali servizi si sono dimostrati efficaci nel contrastare i fenomeni di rallentamento e ridefinizione dei percorsi? Per rispondere a questi quesiti è stata progettata e condotta un’indagine su una coorte di 8473 studenti di ordinamento ex D.M. 509/99, immatricolati nei Corsi di Laurea triennale dell’Ateneo di Padova nell’anno accademico 2006/07. Scopo principale dell’indagine è di valutare come gli aspetti strategici, motivazionali ed emotivi siano collegati alla carriera universitaria, e di elaborare un profilo degli studenti che abbandonano o rallentano gli studi come pure degli studenti che lo completano in modo regolare. Ricercatori di ambito psico-pedagogico, oltre che statistico, hanno collaborato alla costruzione dello strumento, affinché riuscisse ad integrare questo complesso ventaglio di aspetti del fenomeno. Il questionario, somministrato via web, ha inoltre rilevato l’utilizzo dei servizi di sostegno agli studenti offerti dall’Ateneo (Tutorato, SAP-DSA). Questo lavoro illustra le fasi di progettazione e conduzione dell’indagine, nonché il trattamento dei dati elementari e il sistema di ponderazione utilizzato per superare i problemi di autoselezione dei rispondenti e le prime risultanze di tipo descrittivo

ANALISIS SIKAP DAN KEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP ATRIBUT ASURANSI USAHATANI PADI DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG JAWA BARAT

Agricultural sector technically has quite high risk of uncertainty, including crop failure level which is caused by climate change, pest attack and disease, flood, dryness, as well as price uncertainty which is at the end harm the farmer. In order to decrease the risk that faced by farmers especially rice farmer, government run Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) program. This research aimed to analyze the farmer’s attitude and satisfaction to AUTP attributes in Karawang West Java. Analysis tools that used in this research are Multiatribut Fishbein analysis to observe farmer’s attitude and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) analysis to detect farmer’s satisfaction level to AUTP attribute. The result of this research, found that the most important attributes according to farmer based on the importance level are Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan (PPL), the number of the claim, direct socialization, farmer group leader and easy access to information. Farmer’s satisfaction level to AUTP attributes overall is quite satisfy. Therefore the performance of AUTP attributes level need to be increased, so that the farmer’s attitude and satisfaction to AUTP increase. Farmers that have positive attitude and satisfaction tend to follow the program continously and will recommend it to other farmer

Kajian Farmakovigilans Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Provinsi NTB

Hipetensi adalah suatu kondisi dimana tekanan darah meningkat di atas normal atau mencapai 140/90 mmHg. Farmkovigilans didefinisikan sebagai ilmu dan aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan deteksi, penilaian, pemahaman, dan pencegahan efek samping atau terkait dengan masalah obat lainnya. Penyakit hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang membutuhkan pengobatan dalam jangka panjang yang dapat berpotensi muculnya suatu efek samping obat pada pasien, sehingga perlu dilakukannya pemahaman mengenai efek samping obat yang bertujuan untuk meminimalkan gejala kronis yang mengganggu aktifitas normal dan terjaminnya kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Untuk mengetahui kajian Farmakovigilans pada Pasien Hipertensi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain penelitian observasional analisis deskriptif, bersifat cross sectional. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 58 responden yang diambil dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil skoring ADRs menggunakan Algoritma Naranjo yang paling banyak mengalami ADRs yaitu pada kategori Doubtful sebanyak 29 responden (50%). Penggunaan obat antihipertensi menimbulkan berbagai macam kejadian ADR berupa pusing, kelelahan dan kesulitan tidur. Kejadian ADR dengan skala ukur algoritma narajo terkait penggunaan obat antihipertensi masuk dalam kategori doubtful (ragu-ragu)

Bone Marrow Profile in Haematological Disorders with reference to Flow Cytometry and RT-PCR in Acute Leukaemia

Introduction: Evaluation of non neoplastic and neoplastic haematological disorders require bone marrow examination which is an important diagnostic tool. This includes Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB). Subtyping of Acute Leukaemia (AL) requires flow cytometry immunophenotyping and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), which helps in identifying cell antigens and genetic abnormalities, respectively. This is helpful to guide specific treatment for patients. Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, cytological and histological pattern of various haematological disorders using bone marrow examination and to determine immunophenotypes using ancillary techniques in patients with AL. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Department of Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India. Data was collected for a period of two years from May 2020 to April 2022. A total of 62 cases were included. Clinical details and bone marrow examination findings were noted for all BMA and BMB cases that satisfied the inclusion criteria and flow cytometry along with RT-PCR diagnosis was done for suspected AL cases. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the 62 cases studied, age of patients ranged from 32 to 81 years. Majority of them were in the 5th to 6th decade. Females 32 (51.6%) were more commonly affected. Pancytopenia 15 (24.2%) was the most common clinical presentation. Total 49 (79%) were diagnosed with BMA and 61 (98.4%) were diagnosed with BMB. Megaloblastic anaemia 16 (25.8%) and acute myeloid leukaemias 6 (9.6%) were the most common cause of benign haematological disorder and haematological malignancy respectively. The RT-PCR test for Break point Cluster-Abelson Tyrosine Kinase (BCR-ABL) and Promyelocytic Leukaemia-Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (PML- RARA) fusion gene analysis showed association in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) respectively. Conclusion: Biopsy, being gold standard, provides details about the pattern, extent of tumour, metastatic deposit and granulomatous pathology, but BMA also proved better for study of the cell. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR were effective tools that enable the identification of immunophenotype in AL as well as to assess treatment progress and predict prognosis

APLIKASI SERBUK WORTEL SEBAGAI SUMBER β-KAROTEN ALAMI PADA PRODUK MI INSTAN

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to study the use of carrot powder as a source of natural β-carotene in instant noodle. Four formulas were developed based on carrot powder level added into the formula (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The carrot instant noodle was evaluated for sensory properties by 30 panelists. The best formula was analyzed for chemical properties, including proximate composition, dietary fibre, and β-carotene. The physical properties were analyzed in color, cooking time, elasticity, and water holding capacity. The experimental design applied terms of Complete Randomized Design. The result showed that instant noodle with 15% carrot powder was the best formula of carrot instant noodle. No significant difference in acceptance between this formula and commercial instant noodles. Product was composed of moisture content 7.75% (wb), ash 1.59% (d.b), protein 12.82% (d.b), fat 1.41% (d.b), carbohydrate 84.18% (d.b) and β-carotene 2 390 μg/100 g (199 RE or 99.5 RAE/serving size). Carrot instant noodle had physical properties as cooking time was 3.5 minutes, the color was yellow-redish, elasticity properties was 162.22%, and water holding capacity was 143.89%. This noodle contribute above 15% RDA of vitamin A for the children aged 4—5 years.Key words: β-carotene, carrot powder, instant noodleABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penggunaan serbuk wortel sebagai sumber beta karoten alami dalam mi instan. Empat formula dikembangkan berdasarkan jumlah serbuk wortel yang ditambahkan (0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%). Mi instan wortel dievaluasi sifat organoleptiknya oleh 30 orang panelis. Formula terbaik dianalisis sifat-sifat kimianya meliputi komposisi, serat pangan, dan beta karoten, sedangkan sifat-sifat fisik yang dianalisis adalah warna, waktu masak, elastisitas, dan daya serap air. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mi instan dengan penambahan 15% serbuk wortel merupakan formula terbaik. Tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata dalam penerimaan antara mi instan formula ini dengan mi instan komersial. Produk mi instan ini mengandung air sebesar 7.75% (bb), abu 1.59% (bk), protein 12.82% (bk), lemak 1.41% (bk), karbohidrat 84.18% (bk) dan karoten 2 390 μg/100 g (199 RE atau 99.5 RAE/takaran saji). Mi instan wortel mempunyai sifat-sifat fisik seperti waktu masak 3.5 menit, warna kuning kemerahan, elastisitas 162.22%, dan daya serap air 143.89%. Mi ini berkontribusi sebesar 15% terhadap Angka Kecukupan Gizi vitamin A untuk anak usia 4—5 tahun.Kata kunci: β-karoten, mi instan, serbuk worte

Toxicity Study of Antidiabetics Functional Drink of Piper crocatum and Cinnamomum burmannii

Piper crocatum and Cinnamomum burmannii formulations is known to be a new diabetes functional drink. Thus, its toxicological profile needs to be studied. At present, the formulation was evaluated for the repeated dose toxicity study. The Sprague dawley albino rats were treated with P. crocatum and C. burmannii formulations (0, 630, 1260, and 1890 mg/kg) and administered orally for a period of 28 days in albino rats. The effects on body weight, food and water consumption, organ weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry as well as histology were studied. There were no significant differences in the body weight, organ weights and feeding habits between control and treated animals. Hematological analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated groups. There were no significant changes that occurred in the blood chemistry analysis including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, SGPT, and SGOT in experimental animals. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. The formulation of P. crocatum and C. burmannii was found safe in repeated dose toxicity studies