Complexity of serrated sutures of a human skull

Objective: to reveal the variability mechanism of complexity of serrated sutures of a human skull in the correlation with cranial form. Materials and methods. Researches of 253 arches of male and female skulls of patients at the age of 1 day-105 years without signs of cranial trauma or skeletal systemic diseases with absence of morphological signs of increase of intracranial pressure. Minimal (Min) and maximal (Max) values, average arithmetic (M), a mistake of average arithmetic (m) have been studied. For definition of reliability of average size difference parametrical and non-parametric statistical criteria were used: parametrical criterion (t-criterion of Student) applied for parameters submitting to the law of normal distribution (Lakin G. R, 1990). Distinctions of average arithmetic size were considered statistically authentic from 95% (p<0,05) a level of correct judgement (Plokhinskiy N.A., 1970). Results. On the surface of the arch lambdoid and coronal sutures in male skulls and lambdoid and sagittal sutures in female were found out to be of the greatest degree of complexity. Conclusion. The increase of complexity of sutures has been observed in children and adolescents; the directed asymmetry of sutures form is absen

Competition of Mesoscales and Crossover to Tricriticality in Polymer Solutions

We show that the approach to asymptotic fluctuation-induced critical behavior in polymer solutions is governed by a competition between a correlation length diverging at the critical point and an additional mesoscopic length-scale, the radius of gyration. Accurate light-scattering experiments on polystyrene solutions in cyclohexane with polymer molecular weights ranging from 200,000 up to 11.4 million clearly demonstrate a crossover between two universal regimes: a regime with Ising asymptotic critical behavior, where the correlation length prevails, and a regime with tricritical theta-point behavior determined by a mesoscopic polymer-chain length.Comment: 4 pages in RevTeX with 4 figure

Travelling wave deflector for free electron laser

For the measuring system of electron bunch length and emittance at free electron laser there were examined both the known configuration in the form of disc loaded waveguide with two holes for the wave polarization plane stabilization and the new versions of the deflector: with peripheral recesses (two grooves in the cowling) and with the oval aperture.Для системы измерения длины и эмиттанса электронного сгустка в лазере на свободных электронах рассмотрены как известная конфигурация в виде круглого диафрагмированного волновода с двумя отверстиями для стабилизации плоскости поляризации волны, так и новые варианты дефлектора: с двумя выемками в обечайке и с овальной формой отверстия связи.Для системи виміру довжини і еміттанса електронного згустку в лазері на вільних електронах розглянуті як відома конфігурація у вигляді круглого діафрагмованого хвилеводу із двома отворами для стабілізації площини поляризації хвилі, так і нові варіанти дефлектора: з двома виїмками в обичайці і з овальною формою отвору зв'язку

Processes Determining Synchronous Interdecadal Variability of Surface Temperature in the Barents and Black Seas

Purpose. The work is devoted to considering the phase correspondence between the interdecadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices, and their influence on the mechanism of synchronous formation of the surface temperature anomalies in the Barents and Black seas. Methods and Results. The surface temperature anomaly values in the Barents and Black seas selected from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research arrays, namely the sea ice and sea surface temperature data set, were used. To assess the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic-European sector, the North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices, as well as the position of the tropospheric frontal zone were applied. The correlation between the position of the tropospheric frontal zone and the values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index was analyzed using the initial series smoothed by a filter of a moving average, and spatial distribution of the surface temperature anomalies – by the composite maps. At the negative values of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (1950–1970), the processes characteristic of the negative values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index were predominant, whereas at the positive values of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index (1970–1990), the processes characteristic of the positive values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index prevailed. Conclusions. The atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic-European sector constitutes the basic mechanism regulating the sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic, as well as in the Barents and Black seas. At the positive values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the sea surface temperature in the Barents Sea became higher, and that of the Black Sea – lower than the climate mean. At the negative values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the sea surface temperature in the Barents Sea became lower, and that of the Black Sea – higher relative to the climate mean

Supersymmetric Models with Higher Dimensional Operators

In 4D renormalisable theories, integrating out massive states generates in the low energy effective action higher dimensional operators (derivative or otherwise). Using a superfield language it is shown that a 4D N=1 supersymmetric theory with higher derivative operators in either the Kahler or the superpotential part of the Lagrangian and with an otherwise arbitrary superpotential, is equivalent to a 4D N=1 theory of second order (i.e. without higher derivatives) with additional superfields and renormalised interactions. We provide examples where a free theory with trivial supersymmetry breaking provided by a linear superpotential becomes, in the presence of higher derivatives terms and in the second order version, a non-trivial interactive one with spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. The couplings of the equivalent theory acquire a threshold correction through their dependence on the scale of the higher dimensional operator(s). The scalar potential in the second order theory is not necessarily positive definite, and one can in principle have a vanishing potential with broken supersymmetry. We provide an application to MSSM and argue that at tree-level and for a mass scale associated to a higher derivative term in the TeV range, the Higgs mass can be lifted above the current experimental limits.Comment: 36 pages; some clarifications and references adde

Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics and Seiberg-Witten Map

In order to overcome ambiguity problem on identification of mathematical objects in noncommutative theory with physical observables, quantum mechanical system coupled to the NC U(1) gauge field in the noncommutative space is reformulated by making use of the unitarized Seiberg-Witten map, and applied to the Aharonov-Bohm and Hall effects of the NC U(1) gauge field. Retaining terms only up to linear order in the NC parameter \theta, we find that the AB topological phase and the Hall conductivity have both the same formulas as those of the ordinary commutative space with no \theta-dependence.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, uses revtex4; 8 pages, conclusion changed, Appendix adde

Subcarrier Wave Quantum Key Distribution in Telecommunication Network with Bitrate 800 kbit/s

In the course of work on creating the first quantum communication network in Russia we demonstrated quantum key distribution in metropolitan optical network infrastructure. A single-pass subcarrier wave quantum cryptography scheme was used in the experiments. BB84 protocol with strong reference was chosen for performing key distribution. The registered sifted key rate in an optical cable with 1.5 dB loss was 800 Kbit/s. Signal visibility exceeded 98%, and quantum bit error rate value was 1%. The achieved result is a record for this type of systems

Structural, electronic, and magneto-optical properties of YVO3_3

Optical and magneto-optical properties of YVO$_3$ single crystal were studied in FIR, visible, and UV regions. Two structural phase transitions at 75 K and 200 K were observed and established to be of the first and second order, respectively. The lattice has an orthorhombic $Pbnm$ symmetry both above 200 K as well as below 75 K, and is found to be dimerized monoclinic $Pb11$ in between. We identify YVO$_3$ as a Mott-Hubbard insulator with the optical gap of 1.6 eV. The electronic excitations in the visible spectrum are determined by three $d$-bands at 1.8, 2.4, and 3.3 eV, followed by the charge-transfer transitions at about 4 eV. The observed structure is in good agreement with LSDA+$U$ band structure calculations. By using ligand field considerations, we assigned these bands to the transitions to the $^4A_{2g}$, $^2E_{g} + ^2T_{1g}$, and $^2T_{2g}$ states. The strong temperature dependence of these bands is in agreement with the formation of orbital order. Despite the small net magnetic moment of 0.01 $\mu_B$ per vanadium, the Kerr effect of the order of $0.01^\circ$ was observed for all three $d$-bands in the magnetically ordered phase $T_{\text{N\'eel}}<116 K$. A surprisingly strong enhancement of the Kerr effect was found below 75 K, reaching a maximum of $0.1^\circ$. The effect is ascribed to the non-vanishing net orbital magnetic moment.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Depth-Resolved Composition and Electronic Structure of Buried Layers and Interfaces in a LaNiO3_3/SrTiO3_3 Superlattice from Soft- and Hard- X-ray Standing-Wave Angle-Resolved Photoemission

LaNiO$_3$ (LNO) is an intriguing member of the rare-earth nickelates in exhibiting a metal-insulator transition for a critical film thickness of about 4 unit cells [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062114 (2010)]; however, such thin films also show a transition to a metallic state in superlattices with SrTiO$_3$ (STO) [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 202109 (2010)]. In order to better understand this transition, we have studied a strained LNO/STO superlattice with 10 repeats of [4 unit-cell LNO/3 unit-cell STO] grown on an (LaAlO$_3$)$_{0.3}$(Sr$_2$AlTaO$_6$)$_{0.7}$ substrate using soft x-ray standing-wave-excited angle-resolved photoemission (SWARPES), together with soft- and hard- x-ray photoemission measurements of core levels and densities-of-states valence spectra. The experimental results are compared with state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations of band structures and densities of states. Using core-level rocking curves and x-ray optical modeling to assess the position of the standing wave, SWARPES measurements are carried out for various incidence angles and used to determine interface-specific changes in momentum-resolved electronic structure. We further show that the momentum-resolved behavior of the Ni 3d eg and t2g states near the Fermi level, as well as those at the bottom of the valence bands, is very similar to recently published SWARPES results for a related La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattice that was studied using the same technique (Gray et al., Europhysics Letters 104, 17004 (2013)), which further validates this experimental approach and our conclusions. Our conclusions are also supported in several ways by comparison to DFT calculations for the parent materials and the superlattice, including layer-resolved density-of-states results

Weak decays of the B_c meson to charmonium and D mesons in the relativistic quark model

Semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of the B_c meson to charmonium and D mesons are studied in the framework of the relativistic quark model. The decay form factors are explicitly expressed through the overlap integrals of the meson wave functions in the whole accessible kinematical range. The relativistic meson wave functions are used for the calculation of the decay rates. The obtained results are compared with the predictions of other approaches.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figures, 1 figure and 1 reference added, version to appear in Phys. Rev.