Identification of energetically critical processes for cocoa production in Santander, Colombia

The intensification of industrial activities in post-harvest cocoa processes has generated a disproportionate increase in energy consumption. The objective of this work is to describe those energetically critical ones that are used in the cocoa production line in Santander so that further research can evaluate the implementation of alternative or renewable energy systems. Through the collection of information and data management, it is seeking to promote the efficient use of energy based on the NTC ISO 500001. For this end, a description of the processes involved in the production of cocoa was made considering the technical data. Then, the energy consumed by the equipment used in the different processes was determined for 30 days, operating 24 hours a day, assuming power factors of 0.75 and 0.9. Finally, through analysis, calculations, and the application of the Pareto methodology, it was possible to identify that the process with the highest energy consumption is the cocoa refining step, since the equipment used in this process consumes more than 30% of energy from the total energy used for cocoa production

Analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester system from footsteps of passersby

Piezoelectric materials can be used in applications designed to handle a wide range of input frequencies and forces to enable energy harvesting. Although several studies have been carried out on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, this application is still under development. The purpose of this work is to analyze the behavior and the ability to generate electrical energy through the elements in piezoelectric tiles or platforms, specifically, piezoelectric disc elements with a diameter of 27 mm. To do this, a platform of about 130 x 75 cm was designed to capture the footsteps of people and transmit the impact force to sensors to determine the power generation capacity of the piezoelectric elements. Tests were carried out with people weighing between 75 kg and 85 kg and the measurements obtained made possible to identify the behavior of the system and to develop a mathematical model to estimate the energy generated through the platform. The piezoelectric elements used here proved to be fragile despite the different types of shock absorbers used to avoid their rupture. Therefore, it is recommended to delve into the design of protection mechanisms to extend the life of piezoelectric elements in energy collection systems

Design and construction of a prototype of a soil resistivity meter for the corrosion laboratory of the metallurgical engineering school

This paper describes the design process of a soil resistivity meter (MRS), capable of performing useful field measurements in the corrosion laboratory of the School of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science. During this process, three prototypes were developed that led to the proposed final design. For this purpose a chopper-lift configuration was implemented in order to provide adequate power levels to perform a resistance measurement, which has its respective protection system And an acquisition and control system implemented with Analog Devices ADuC832 Microconverter. These prototypes allowed to analyze the scope of the project and characterize the final design. Based on preliminary tests conducted on different types of terrain and different locations in the metropolitan area, with a university-owned tellurometer. The MRS has the capacity to store 20 tests, a user interface, which allows for the test configuration and application software in LabVIEW that allows interconnection with a PC for the serial download of the data, the subsequent representation Of the same, graphing the respective Resistivity Profiling, and approximate the tendency of the curve to variations of humidity and temperature by means of the empirical relation of AlbrechtEste trabajo describe el proceso de diseiio de un Medidor de Resistividad del Suelo (MRS), capaz derealizar mediciones de campo útiles en el laboratorio de corrosión de la Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales. Durante este proceso se desarollaron tres prototipos que llevaron al diseño final propuesto, para ello se implementó una configuración troceador-elevador encargada de proporcionar los niveles de potencia adecuados para realizar una medición confiable de resistencia, el cual cuenta con su respectivo sistema de protecciones y un sistema de adquisición y control implementado con el Microconvertidor ADuC832de Analog Devices. Estos prototipos permitieron analizar los alcances del proyecto y caracterizar eldiseño final. tomando como base las pruebas preliminares realizadas en diferentes tipos de terreno y diferentes lugares del área metropolitana, con un telurómetro de propiedad de la universidad. El MRS cuenta con la capacidad de almacenar 20 pruebas, una intelfaz de usuario, que permite la configuración de la prueba y un sofnmre de aplicación en LabVIEWque permite la interconexión con un PC para la descarga serial de los datos, la posterior representación de los mismos, graficando el respectivo Perfilaje de Resistividad, y aproximar la tendencia de la curva ante variaciones de humedad y temperatura por medio de la relación emphica de Albrecht

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de un medidor de resistividad del suelo para el laboratorio de corrosión de la escuela de ingeniería metalúrgica

This paper describes the design process of a soil resistivity meter (MRS), capable of performing useful field measurements in the corrosion laboratory of the School of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science. During this process, three prototypes were developed that led to the proposed final design. For this purpose a chopper-lift configuration was implemented in order to provide adequate power levels to perform a resistance measurement, which has its respective protection system And an acquisition and control system implemented with Analog Devices ADuC832 Microconverter. These prototypes allowed to analyze the scope of the project and characterize the final design. Based on preliminary tests conducted on different types of terrain and different locations in the metropolitan area, with a university-owned tellurometer. The MRS has the capacity to store 20 tests, a user interface, which allows for the test configuration and application software in LabVIEW that allows interconnection with a PC for the serial download of the data, the subsequent representation Of the same, graphing the respective Resistivity Profiling, and approximate the tendency of the curve to variations of humidity and temperature by means of the empirical relation of AlbrechtEste trabajo describe el proceso de diseiio de un Medidor de Resistividad del Suelo (MRS), capaz derealizar mediciones de campo útiles en el laboratorio de corrosión de la Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales. Durante este proceso se desarollaron tres prototipos que llevaron al diseño final propuesto, para ello se implementó una configuración troceador-elevador encargada de proporcionar los niveles de potencia adecuados para realizar una medición confiable de resistencia, el cual cuenta con su respectivo sistema de protecciones y un sistema de adquisición y control implementado con el Microconvertidor ADuC832de Analog Devices. Estos prototipos permitieron analizar los alcances del proyecto y caracterizar eldiseño final. tomando como base las pruebas preliminares realizadas en diferentes tipos de terreno y diferentes lugares del área metropolitana, con un telurómetro de propiedad de la universidad. El MRS cuenta con la capacidad de almacenar 20 pruebas, una intelfaz de usuario, que permite la configuración de la prueba y un sofnmre de aplicación en LabVIEWque permite la interconexión con un PC para la descarga serial de los datos, la posterior representación de los mismos, graficando el respectivo Perfilaje de Resistividad, y aproximar la tendencia de la curva ante variaciones de humedad y temperatura por medio de la relación emphica de Albrecht

Design and construction of a prototype of a soil resistivity meter for the corrosion laboratory of the metallurgical engineering school

This paper describes the design process of a soil resistivity meter (MRS), capable of performing useful field measurements in the corrosion laboratory of the School of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science. During this process, three prototypes were developed that led to the proposed final design. For this purpose a chopper-lift configuration was implemented in order to provide adequate power levels to perform a resistance measurement, which has its respective protection system And an acquisition and control system implemented with Analog Devices ADuC832 Microconverter. These prototypes allowed to analyze the scope of the project and characterize the final design. Based on preliminary tests conducted on different types of terrain and different locations in the metropolitan area, with a university-owned tellurometer. The MRS has the capacity to store 20 tests, a user interface, which allows for the test configuration and application software in LabVIEW that allows interconnection with a PC for the serial download of the data, the subsequent representation Of the same, graphing the respective Resistivity Profiling, and approximate the tendency of the curve to variations of humidity and temperature by means of the empirical relation of AlbrechtEste trabajo describe el proceso de diseiio de un Medidor de Resistividad del Suelo (MRS), capaz derealizar mediciones de campo útiles en el laboratorio de corrosión de la Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales. Durante este proceso se desarollaron tres prototipos que llevaron al diseño final propuesto, para ello se implementó una configuración troceador-elevador encargada de proporcionar los niveles de potencia adecuados para realizar una medición confiable de resistencia, el cual cuenta con su respectivo sistema de protecciones y un sistema de adquisición y control implementado con el Microconvertidor ADuC832de Analog Devices. Estos prototipos permitieron analizar los alcances del proyecto y caracterizar eldiseño final. tomando como base las pruebas preliminares realizadas en diferentes tipos de terreno y diferentes lugares del área metropolitana, con un telurómetro de propiedad de la universidad. El MRS cuenta con la capacidad de almacenar 20 pruebas, una intelfaz de usuario, que permite la configuración de la prueba y un sofnmre de aplicación en LabVIEWque permite la interconexión con un PC para la descarga serial de los datos, la posterior representación de los mismos, graficando el respectivo Perfilaje de Resistividad, y aproximar la tendencia de la curva ante variaciones de humedad y temperatura por medio de la relación emphica de Albrecht