A teoria de Paulo Freire como fundamento da Pedagogia Social

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal destacar em obras de Paulo Freire fundamentos relacionais com a Pedagogia Social, de modo a contribuir para reflexões em torno da temática formação do educador social no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi à revisão bibliográfica sobre obras de Paulo Freire e de estudiosos da Pedagogia Social. O artigo apresenta três categorias de análise: a inovação epistemológica, o engajamento político e a visão de mundo esperançosa que são componentes, tanto da Educação Popular, como da Pedagogia Social. Os resultados revelam que essas categorias contribuem para a superação de condições opressoras e emancipação das pessoas através dos processos educacionais envolvidos nessas duas áreas. Para concluir, o artigo apresenta essas categorias como fundamentos para práticas educativas dos educadores sociais no Brasil

Investigation into experimental toxicological properties of plant protection products having a potential link to Parkinson's disease and childhood leukaemia

In 2013, EFSA published a literature review on epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and human health outcome. As a follow up, the EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their residues (PPR Panel) was requested to investigate the plausible involvement of pesticide exposure as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and childhood leukaemia (CHL). A systematic literature review on PD and CHL and mode of actions for pesticides was published by EFSA in 2016 and used as background documentation. The Panel used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) conceptual framework to define the biological plausibility in relation to epidemiological studies by means of identification of specific symptoms of the diseases as AO. The AOP combines multiple information and provides knowledge of biological pathways, highlights species differences and similarities, identifies research needs and supports regulatory decisions. In this context, the AOP approach could help in organising the available experimental knowledge to assess biological plausibility by describing the link between a molecular initiating event (MIE) and the AO through a series of biologically plausible and essential key events (KEs). As the AOP is chemically agnostic, tool chemical compounds were selected to empirically support the response and temporal concordance of the key event relationships (KERs). Three qualitative and one putative AOP were developed by the Panel using the results obtained. The Panel supports the use of the AOP framework to scientifically and transparently explore the biological plausibility of the association between pesticide exposure and human health outcomes, identify data gaps, define a tailored testing strategy and suggests an AOP’s informed Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment (IATA)

Weak Spatial and Temporal Population Genetic Structure in the Rosy Apple Aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, in French Apple Orchards

We used eight microsatellite loci and a set of 20 aphid samples to investigate the spatial and temporal genetic structure of rosy apple aphid populations from 13 apple orchards situated in four different regions in France. Genetic variability was very similar between orchard populations and between winged populations collected before sexual reproduction in the fall and populations collected from colonies in the spring. A very small proportion of individuals (∼2%) had identical multilocus genotypes. Genetic differentiation between orchards was low (FST<0.026), with significant differentiation observed only between orchards from different regions, but no isolation by distance was detected. These results are consistent with high levels of genetic mixing in holocyclic Dysaphis plantaginae populations (host alternation through migration and sexual reproduction). These findings concerning the adaptation of the rosy apple aphid have potential consequences for pest management

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone

Sexual and Romantic Relationships Beyond Binaries: A qualitative study on Experiences of Intimacies of Italian Nonbinary People

Introduction: Nonbinary people (i.e., individuals who define their gender as neither male nor female), as a marginalized population, may experience specific challenges and advantages in romantic and sexual relationships. Few studies have explored this issue in depth. The goal of this work is to enrich research in this field by highlighting what are the common positive and negative experiences in the intimate lives of nonbinary individuals, and the effects on their mental health. Methods: Forty nonbinary participants whose age ranged from 19 to 36 years (M=27,19; SD=4,77) were administered a semi-structured interview created by the research team. Questions were asked to understand participants' feelings and personal experiences about interpersonal intimate relational and sexual dynamics. Several related aspects have been explored, such as: the relationship with body image; experience of desire, arousal and pleasure; feelings of comfort (or discomfort) elicited by sexual fantasies and practices. Results: Using a Thematic Analysis method we identified three themes: 1) Validation and support as resources that facilitate gender affirmation and expression 2) Intimacy satisfaction promoted by mutual recognition, and subversion of traditional gendered sexual scripts 3) Microaggressions and traumatic events that inhibit and freeze gender affirmation and expression. Discussion: For nonbinary people negative experiences of stigma, discrimination and expectations of rejection, can have a significant impact on self-image, feelings of body and social dysphoria, and perceived sense of safety with others. On the other hand, sexual and romantic relationships that are experienced as supportive can be protective factors, meaningfully affecting their overall psychological well-being. In light of the emerging data, it is important in clinical practice to be aware of the specific challenges faced by nonbinary people in the interpersonal contexts, and the effects of marginalization stressors. It is key, therefore, that clinicians promote in patients the importance of pursuing, establishing, and preserving a sense of safety in romantic and sexual relationships

Modeling of the combined dynamics of leptospirosis transmission and seroconversion in herds

International audienceAbstract Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease-causing illness in both humans and animals resulting in related economic impacts due to production loss as well as prevention and control efforts. Several mathematical models have been proposed to study the dynamics of infection but none of them has so far taken into account the dynamics of seroconversion. In this study, we have developed a general framework, based on the kinetic model for animal leptospirosis, that combines both the antibody (exposure marker) and infection dynamics to simultaneously follows both seroconversion and infection status of leptospirosis in a herd population. It is a stochastic compartmental model (for transition rates) with time delay (for seroconversion) which describes the progression of infection by a SEIRS (susceptible, exposed, infected, removed and susceptible) approach and seroconversion by four-state antibody kinetics (antibody negative and three antibody positive states of different antibody levels). The model shows that it is possible to assess and follow both seroconversion and infection status through the prism of diagnostic testing. Such an approach of combined kinetics could prove very useful to assist the competent authorities in their analyzes of epidemic situations and in the implementation of strategies for controlling and managing the associated risks

Aggregate and cumulative chronic risk assessment for pyrethroids in the French adult population

International audiencePyrethroids are commonly used as insecticides in households, in agriculture or in veterinary and medicinal products. This study aimed to assess cumulative aggregate exposure to cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in adults in France and the associated health risk, and to identify major contributions of exposure sources and routes. External chronic exposures were estimated from dietary and several environmental sources for the oral, inhalation and dermal routes. Internal concentrations of five associated metabolites were simulated with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. The predicted urinary concentrations were in same order of magnitude as those of the French ENNS biomonitoring survey. Dietary exposure, especially from cereals and animal products, was the major source of exposure. For the 1% of adults most highly exposed, dermal exposure to permethrin through medicinal and veterinary products was an important source of exposure. Considering alterations of motor, sensory and autonomic division, all individual margins of exposure were higher than 100, suggesting that no neurotoxic risk associated with the cumulative aggregate exposure to these four pyrethroids is expected for the French adult population

Countertransferential reactions with transgender and non-binary patients: a qualitative enquiry among clinicians with different theoretical orientations

Aim: Recent literature highlighted the challenges encountered at countertransferential level by many therapists working with transgender and non-binary (TNB) patients. The reactions, ranging from regulatory anxiety to unconditional acceptance, seem to undermine the working alliance and patients trust in the therapeutic relationship. However, research on this aspect is still scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the countertransferential reactions of Italian psychotherapists of different orientations when encountering these patients. Methods: The sample consists of 20 psychotherapists with dynamic, cognitive and systemic orientations. Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) was applied to transcripts of a semi-structured inter-view created ad hoc. Results: Several themes emerged: 1) Strong countertransferential reactions regarding gender transitions; 2) Therapists opinions and knowledge about the concepts of gender identity and gender incongruence; 3) Developing trust in the therapeutic relationship with TNB patients. Discussion: The results highlight the presence of intense and poorly processed countertransferential reactions. The importance of updating training curricula to enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapies with people presenting these conditions is discussed