Avaliação audiológica básica em alcoólicos

Several ototoxical drugs cause harmful effects on human being, like tinnitus, several forms of hearing deficiencies and faintness. Among the main agents considered ototoxic, there is alcohol (Papparela & Shumrick apud Russo e Santos, 1993). The objective of this research was to analyse the alcohol effect on hearing of adults and elder people. One hundred and five individuals participated in this research, 19 were female and 86 were male, with ages varying from 19 to 77 years, and the time of alcohol use varied from 3 to 55 years. The individulas were divided into two groups: Group I – with ages between 19 and 50 years and Group II – with ages between 51 and 77 years. The basic hearing evaluation was done, and it was composed by ATL, LRF, IPRF and MIA. It was verified that the individuals of Group II showed a mean time of alcohol using higher than the ndividuals of Group I in 17, 21 years. Comparing Group I and Group II, both for right ear and left ear, in relation to the tonal thresholds of the frequencies evaluated, in the majority there was significant statistical difference. Through the analysis of the results it could be observed the harmful effect of the alcohol on the hearing of adult and elder individulas and, the older they get and the higher the time of using, the higher the harmful hearing effects.Diversas drogas ototóxicas causam efeitos nocivos ao ser humano, como zumbido, várias formas de deficiências auditivas e vertigem. Dentre os principais agentes considerados ototóxicos, encontra-se o álcool (Papparela & Shumrick apud Russo e Santos, 1993). O objetivo que delineou esta pesquisa  foi o de analisar o efeito do álcool na audição de indivíduos adultos e idosos. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 105 indivíduos, sendo 19 do sexo feminino e 86 do sexo masculino, com idade que variava entre 19 e 77 anos, em que o tempo de uso de álcool variou de 3 a 55 anos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I – com idades entre 19 e 50 anos e Grupo II – com idades entre 51 e 77 anos. Foi realizada a avaliação audiológica básica, composta pela ATL, LRF, IPRF e MIA. Verificou-se que os indivíduos do Grupo II apresentaram tempo médio de uso de bebida alcoólica superior aos indivíduos do Grupo I em 17,21 anos. Comparando-se o Grupo I e o Grupo II, tanto para orelha direita quanto para orelha esquerda, com relação aos limiares tonais das freqüências avaliadas, houve diferença estatisticamente significante na maioria dos casos. Através da análise dos resultados, pôde-se observar que o álcool tem efeito nocivo na audição de indivíduos adultos e idosos e, quanto maior a idade e tempo de uso do álcool, maior o comprometimento auditivo

A hidroginástica como meio para manutenção da qualidade de vida e saúde do idoso

Scientific evidence points out the important benefits of the practice of physical activities for the elderly, considering their mobility, mental and physical health as well as quality of life. Hydrogymnastics has been considered an alternative to encourage elderly people to practice physical activities and to promote a healthier and more active lifestyle; however, it needs further investigation about its effect on health and quality of life of this population, as well as work methodologies. Therefore, the aim of this literature review was to seek studies about hydrogymnastics and hydrogymnastics for the elderly, presenting and discussing their results, while establishing correlations with the promotion of health and quality of life in this population. The studies showed that hydrogymnastics favors the development of important physical aspects, such as cardiorespiratory endurance, force and flexibility. Similarly to any other type of exercise, it can be practiced continuously, especially considering elderly individuals and it also can be combined with recreation and relaxation activities. The correlation between the practice of hydrogymnastics and the elderly’s health in the analyzed studies considered mainly the performance in motor tests, which shows the necessity to carry out studies that also analyze the effect of these practices on the quality of life as a perception of the elderly’s well-being.Evidências científicas apontam para os importantes benefícios da prática de atividades físicas para os idosos, considerando sua mobilidade, saúde física e mental e qualidade de vida. A hidroginástica tem sido apontada como uma alternativa para inserção dos idosos nas práticas corporais e para a promoção de um estilo de vida mais ativo e saudável, mas, que, ainda carece de maiores investigações sobre seu real efeito sobre a saúde e a qualidade de vida dessa população e principalmente, metodologias de trabalho para esse fim. Desta forma, esta pesquisa bibliográfica objetivou realizar uma busca de estudos sobre hidroginástica para a terceira idade, discutindo e apresentando seus resultados, buscando relações com a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida dessa população. As leituras nos permitiram vislumbrar que a hidroginástica favorece o desenvolvimento de algumas importantes qualidades físicas como resistência cardiorrespiratória, força e flexibilidade. Como qualquer outra forma de exercitação, deve ser praticada de forma contínua, principalmente, considerando indivíduos na terceira idade e pode também ser unida a atividades de relaxamento e recreação. As relações da prática da hidroginástica com a saúde dos idosos nos estudos analisados consideraram principalmente o desempenho em testes motores o que remete a necessidade de estudos que analisem também as repercussões dessas práticas sobre a qualidade de vida enquanto uma percepção de bem estar dos idosos

CONDIÇÃO AUDITIVA DE INDIVÍDUOS COM QUEIXA DE ZUMBIDO

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a condição auditiva de indivíduos com queixa de zumbidoem diferentes faixas etárias. Métodos: foram incluídos na amostra 146 indivíduos do sexo masculinoe do sexo feminino, cujas idades variaram de sete a 91 anos. A condição auditiva foi determinada apartir dos limiares tonais obtidos na audiometria tonal liminar. Considerou-se audição normal limiarestonais até 25 dB. Resultados: Entre sete e 20 anos, 70% dos indivíduos apresentaram audiçãonormal, porém a partir dos 21 anos prevaleceu a condição auditiva alterada. Na população idosa85% dos indivíduos apresentaram comprometimento da audição. Conclusão: A ocorrência de perdaauditiva em sujeitos portadores de zumbido é progressivamente maior à medida que a idade avança

Escassez de recursos: fator a influenciar a formação de alianças estratégicas empresariais

This article investigates the influence of scarcity of resources in entrepreneurial arrangements, known as strategic alliances. Revision of the literature suggests three theories: Resources Dependence, Resource Based View and Organizational Learning. The economic sector investigated was industrial automobile automation and the participant companies were chosen by judgment and because they had strategic alliances. Data collection took place in 2005 through in-depth interviews, which were submitted to content analysis. The results, in the light of the Resources Dependence Theory, reveal that companies form alliances for the acquisition of production technology because of the high investments demanded and owing to the seasonality of orders from automobile assembly plants.Este artículo investiga la influencia de la escasez de recursos en la formación de sistemas empresariales, conocidos como alianzas estratégicas. La revisión de la literatura sugiere tres teorías para la formación de alianzas estratégicas: Dependencia de los Recursos, Visión Basada en los Recursos y Aprendizaje Organizacional. El sector investigado fue el de automatización industrial automovilística y las empresas participantes fueron escogidas por juzgamiento y por poseer alianzas estratégicas. La colecta de datos fue en el 2005 por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, las cuales fueron tratadas por la técnica da análisis de contenido. Los resultados, a la luz de la teoría de la dependencia de los recursos, evidencian que las empresas forman alianzas para la adquisición de tecnología de producción, en razón de la alta inversión exigida y en función de pedidos estacionales de las empresas de ensamblaje.Este artigo investiga a influência da escassez de recursos na formação de arranjos empresariais, conhecidos como alianças estratégicas. A revisão da literatura sugere três teorias para a formação de alianças estratégicas: Dependência de Recursos, Visão Baseada em Recursos e Aprendizagem Organizacional. O setor investigado foi o de automação industrial automobilística e as empresas participantes foram escolhidas por julgamento e por possuírem alianças estratégicas. A coleta de dados deu-se em 2005 por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, as quais foram tratadas pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados, a luz da teoria de dependência de recursos, evidenciam que as empresas formam alianças para a aquisição de tecnologia de produção, em razão do alto investimento exigido e em função da sazonalidade dos pedidos das montadoras

Correlation between head posture, pain and disability index neck in women with complaints of neck pain

A dor cervical é o sintoma mais comum das disfunções cervicais, frequentemente relacionado à manutenção de posturas inadequadas. As alterações posturais da cabeça estão associadas à ocorrência de dor cervical, sendo a anteriorização a alteração mais comum. O objetivo foi investigar a correlação entre postura da cabeça, intensidade da dor e índice de incapacidade cervical - neck disability index (NDI). O grupo estudo (GE) foi composto por mulheres na faixa entre 20 e 50 anos com queixas de dor cervical por mais de três meses, e o grupo controle (GC), por mulheres assintomáticas. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica (EVA), a incapacidade pelo NDI e a postura da cabeça pelo ângulo craniovertebral (CV). A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Lilliefors, e a comparação entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes e a associação entre as variáveis pela correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância foi de 5%. O GE apresentou médias menores para o ângulo CV (p=0,02). O ângulo CV demonstrou correlação negativa com a EVA (r=-0,48) e o NDI (r=-0,15), sugerindo que quanto menor o ângulo, maior a intensidade da dor e a incapacidade cervical. O NDI e a EVA apresentaram correlação positiva (r=0,59). O ângulo CV em indivíduos com dor cervical foi significativamente menor que em assintomáticos, apresentando correlação moderada com o NDI e a dor.Neck pain is the most common symptom of cervical dysfunctions often being related to the maintenance of postures. Postural changes of the head are often associated with the occurrence of neck pain with an anterior approach was the most frequent. The purpose was to investigate the correlation between head posture, pain intensity and neck disability index. The study group (SG) was composed of women, aged between 20 and 50 years who complained of neck pain for more than three months, and the control group (CG) for asymptomatic women. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), disability by neck disability index (NDI) and the head posture by the craniovertebral angle (CV). Normality of the data was verified by the Lilliefors test and the comparison between groups by the Student's t-test for independent samples, and the association between variables by Spearman correlation test. Significance level was 5%. The SG had lower average CV for the angle (p=0.02). The CV angle was negatively correlated with the VAS (r=-0.48) and NDI (r=-0.15) suggesting that the smaller the angle, the greater the intensity of neck pain and disability. The NDI and VAS showed a positive correlation (r=0.59). The angle CV in subjects with neck pain was significantly lower than in healthy individuals association with the neck disability index and pain

Corporal balance and physical exercises: an investigation in elderly women who practice different exercise modalities

Life expectancy has been progressively increasing, which implies in an increase in the number of elderly individuals. As a consequence, several types of physical activities are offered to this population, aiming at improving some physical qualities. One of those qualities is corporal balance, which has been largely studied due to its association with many diseases that can affect the elderly. Thus, this study compared a group of elderly women that regularly practiced hydrogymnastics with sedentary ones. Fifty-one (51) elderly women with a mean age of 63.26 ± 9.63 years participated in the study group. Balance was evaluated through kinetic assessment, using an AMTI OR6-5 force platform (Advanced Mechanical Technologies, Inc.) at a frequency of 100 Hz. The analyzed variables were the amplitude of the force center displacement and the mean force center displacement in the anteroposterior and midlateral directions. The statistic analysis used the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk’s test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with a level of significance of 5%. The results showed statistically significant differences in the midlateral direction, both in range and the mean force center displacement between the groups. Thus, it is possible to conclude that there were differences regarding the balance in the midlateral direction and less instability was observed in the group of elderly women that practiced physical exercises.Atualmente a expectativa de vida vem crescendo ano após ano, caracterizando um aumento no número de idosos. Com isso, diversos tipos de atividades físicas são ofertadas para essa população objetivando melhoras em algumas qualidades físicas. Uma dessas qualidades é o equilíbrio corporal, que vem sendo bastante estudado, em virtude de estar relacionado com diversas doenças que podem afligir os idosos. Com isso, esse estudo comparou mulheres idosas praticantes de hidroginástica, ginástica e mulheres idosas sedentárias. Fizeram parte do grupo de estudo 51 mulheres idosas com idade de 63,26 ± 9,63 anos. O equilíbrio foi coletado através da avaliação cinética, sendo utilizada uma plataforma de força OR6-5 AMTI (Advanced Mechanical Technologies, Inc.) a uma freqüência de 100 Hz. As variáveis analisadas foram a amplitude do deslocamento do centro de força e o deslocamento médio do centro de força na nas direções ântero posterior e médio-lateral. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a descritiva, teste de Shapiro-Wilk e o teste Kruskal-Wallis com nível de significância utilizado de 5%. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas direções médio-lateral, tanto na amplitude quanto no deslocamento médio do centro de força entre os grupos. Conclui-se deste estudo que ocorreram diferenças no equilíbrio na direção médio-lateral, sendo que menores instabilidades foram encontradas nas idosas praticantes de ginástica

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease VM1: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel subtype of human prion disease

The methionine (M)-valine (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) plays a central role in both susceptibility and phenotypic expression of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (sCJD). Experimental transmissions of sCJD in humanized transgenic mice led to the isolation of five prion strains, named M1, M2C, M2T, V2, and V1, based on two major conformations of the pathological prion protein (PrPSc, type 1 and type 2), and the codon 129 genotype determining susceptibility and propagation efficiency. While the most frequent sCJD strains have been described in codon 129 homozygosis (MM1, MM2C, VV2) and heterozygosis (MV1, MV2K, and MV2C), the V1 strain has only been found in patients carrying VV. We identified six sCJD cases, 4 in Catalonia and 2 in Italy, carrying MV at PRNP codon 129 in combination with PrPSc type 1 and a new clinical and neuropathological profile reminiscent of the VV1 sCJD subtype rather than typical MM1/MV1. All patients had a relatively long duration (mean of 20.5 vs. 3.5 months of MM1/MV1 patients) and lacked electroencephalographic periodic sharp-wave complexes at diagnosis. Distinctive histopathological features included the spongiform change with vacuoles of larger size than those seen in sCJD MM1/MV1, the lesion profile with prominent cortical and striatal involvement, and the pattern of PrPSc deposition characterized by a dissociation between florid spongiform change and mild synaptic deposits associated with coarse, patch-like deposits in the cerebellar molecular layer. Western blot analysis of brain homogenates revealed a PrPSc type 1 profile with physicochemical properties reminiscent of the type 1 protein linked to the VV1 sCJD subtype. In summary, we have identified a new subtype of sCJD with distinctive clinicopathological features significantly overlapping with those of the VV1 subtype, possibly representing the missing evidence of V1 sCJD strain propagation in the 129MV host genotype

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London