The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons

To connect human biology to fish biomedical models, we sequenced the genome of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), whose lineage diverged from teleosts before teleost genome duplication (TGD). The slowly evolving gar genome has conserved in content and size many entire chromosomes from bony vertebrate ancestors. Gar bridges teleosts to tetrapods by illuminating the evolution of immunity, mineralization and development (mediated, for example, by Hox, ParaHox and microRNA genes). Numerous conserved noncoding elements (CNEs; often cis regulatory) undetectable in direct human-teleost comparisons become apparent using gar: functional studies uncovered conserved roles for such cryptic CNEs, facilitating annotation of sequences identified in human genome-wide association studies. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the sums of expression domains and expression levels for duplicated teleost genes often approximate the patterns and levels of expression for gar genes, consistent with subfunctionalization. The gar genome provides a resource for understanding evolution after genome duplication, the origin of vertebrate genomes and the function of human regulatory sequences

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Лабораторный стенд для оценки функциональных свойств материалов разрывных электроконтактов

The automated laboratory equipment for efficient interrupting electrocontact materials testing with respect to their general functional properties during their development and/or improvement is presented. The equipment for estimating erosion resistance, transient resistance of loaded pair contacts and also welding resistance during on-off cycles by break force measurement (380/220 V, current is 15-30 А, power factor φ=0.8, frequency of on-off cycles is 0.01-10 Hz, controlled duty cycle). The equipment control, monitoring, recording and primary processing of parameters taken from the detecting device are performed using specialized software. The equipment was tested on two type contact materials, Ag and Ag/(15%CdO). The results and appropriate correlation are presented in this articleПредставлен автоматизированный лабораторный стенд для оперативного тестирования материалов разрывных электроконтактов по основным функциональным свойствам при их разработке и/или совершенствовании. Оборудование служит для оценки величины электроэрозии, межконтактного сопротивления работающей пары, а также усилия сваривания (посредством оценки усилия разрыва) в течение заданного количества циклов включения-отключения (380/220 В, ток 15-30 А, коэффициент мощности φ=1-0,3, частота циклов В-О 0,01-10 Гц, возможность задания параметров циклической нагрузки). Управление оборудованием, контроль процесса тестирования, регистрация и первичная обработка данных осуществляются с помощью специализированного программного обеспечения. Стенд апробирован на ряде традиционных, а также новых разрабатываемых материалов. Характерные результаты представлены на примере тестирования изготовленных авторами порошковых образцов Ag и Ag/15CdO в симметричных контактных пара

Ag/ZnO and Ag/SnO2 Electrocontact Materials Obtained from Fine-Grained Coprecipitated Powder Mixture

The manufacturing processes of Ag/ZnO and Ag/SnO2 electrocontact materials concerns to chemical precipitation of precursors are represented in this paper. At all stages, obtained powders and compacts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG, DSC, DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of particles in the sintered molded article is in the range of 0,1-0,3 nm for ZnO and 1-5 μm for SnO2. The particles size mostly depends on chemical precipitating conditions and metallurgical stage parameters. Relative density of final compacts is about 0,97-0,99. Resistivity is 2,5 cm for the concentration of ZnO equal 8 % and 2.4 cm for the concentration of SnO2 equal 10 %. Electrical wear (AC, test device, 380 V, 30 А, cos =0,8) depends on oxide content and exceeds Ag/CdO series contacts wear.Рассмотрены процессы изготовления электроконтактных материалов Ag/ZnO и Ag/SnO2 из химически соосажденных прекурсоров. На всех стадиях получения порошки и компакты охарактеризованы методами РСА, РФА, ТГА/ДСК и СЭМ. Размер частиц в спеченном компактированном образце находится в диапазоне 0,1-0,3 м для ZnO и 1-5 m для SnO2. Размер частиц главным образом зависит от условия химического осаждения и параметров металлургического передела. Относительная плотность готовых компактов имеет значения 0,97-0,99. Сопротивление 2,5 Om*см для образца, содержащего 8% ZnO, и 2,4 Om*см для 10% SnO2. Дуговая эррозия (условия испытания - постоянный ток, 380 В, 30 А, cos fi=0,8) зависит от содержания оксида и превышает износ контактов серии Ag/CdO

Pd/CeO2-SnO2 catalysts with varying tin content: Promotion of catalytic properties and structure modification

1%Pd/CeO2-SnO2 catalysts with varying Ce/Sn ratio were synthesized by counter-precipitation followed by calcination in a wide temperature range. The catalysts with Ce/Sn < 3/1 possess high thermal stability after calcination up to 1000 ◦C while maintaining low-temperature activity in CO oxidation. The PdOx clusters serving as active centers in CO oxidation are modified by Sn upon calcination. High tin content (Ce/Sn = 1/3) provides the activity of the catalysts in CH4 oxidation due to stabilization of PdO nanoparticles in the form of core@shell PdO@(CeO2 + SnO2) structures. Formation of the nanoheterophase structure upon calcination plays a key role in the stabilization of Pd-active centers of different types

Some Aspects of Zn2SnO4 Powders Synthesis by Thermotreatment of Coprecipitated Compounds

Представлены результаты исследования процессов синтеза высокодисперсных порошков станната цинка термообработкой совместно осажденных из раствора соединений цинка (гидроксокарбоната) и гидратированного оксида олова (IV). Соосажденные порошковые смеси исследовали методами термического (ТГ/ДСК), рентгенофазового (РФА), рентгенофлуоресцентного (РФС) анализа и растровой электронной микроскопии (РЭМ). Термообработка образцов осадка в течение 2 ч в интервале 673-1223 К показала, что синтез сложного целевого оксида Zn2SnO4 наблюдается при температурах выше 1100 К, а при 1223 К выход продукта составляет около 83 %. При отжиге формируются пористые агломераты из частиц Zn2SnO4 размером до 50-200 нм. Апробировано использование данного метода для приготовления порошковой шихты Cu/Zn2SnO4, показавшее свою эффективность.The results of investigation of Zn2SnO4 superfine powders synthesis processes by thermaltreatment of coprecipitated zinc and tin (IV) compounds from solutions are shown. The coprecipitated powder mixtures were studied by TG/DSC, XRD, XRF and SEM methods. Thermaltreatment of the precipitate samples in range of 673 - 1223K for 2 h revealed that the synthesis of Zn2SnO4 proper oxide can be observed at above 1100 K and the materials yield is about 83 % at 1223 K. The porous agglomerates of Zn2SnO4 particles about 50 - 200 nm in size are formed under the annealing. The given method was tested to prepare Cu/Zn2SnO4 powder mixture and it showed its efficiency

Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here, we expressed 3Cpro in HEK293, HeLa, and A549 human cell lines to characterize 3Cpro-induced cell death morphologically and biochemically using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that dead cells demonstrated necrosis-like morphological changes including permeabilization of the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondrial potential, as well as mitochondria and nuclei swelling. Additionally, we showed that 3Cpro-induced cell death was efficiently blocked by ferroptosis inhibitors and was accompanied by intense lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results indicate that 3Cpro induces ferroptosis upon its individual expression in human cells. This is the first demonstration that a proteolytic enzyme can induce ferroptosis, the recently discovered and actively studied type of RCD

Лабораторный стенд для оценки функциональных свойств материалов разрывных электроконтактов

The automated laboratory equipment for efficient interrupting electrocontact materials testing with respect to their general functional properties during their development and/or improvement is presented. The equipment for estimating erosion resistance, transient resistance of loaded pair contacts and also welding resistance during on-off cycles by break force measurement (380/220 V, current is 15-30 А, power factor φ=0.8, frequency of on-off cycles is 0.01-10 Hz, controlled duty cycle). The equipment control, monitoring, recording and primary processing of parameters taken from the detecting device are performed using specialized software. The equipment was tested on two type contact materials, Ag and Ag/(15%CdO). The results and appropriate correlation are presented in this articleПредставлен автоматизированный лабораторный стенд для оперативного тестирования материалов разрывных электроконтактов по основным функциональным свойствам при их разработке и/или совершенствовании. Оборудование служит для оценки величины электроэрозии, межконтактного сопротивления работающей пары, а также усилия сваривания (посредством оценки усилия разрыва) в течение заданного количества циклов включения-отключения (380/220 В, ток 15-30 А, коэффициент мощности φ=1-0,3, частота циклов В-О 0,01-10 Гц, возможность задания параметров циклической нагрузки). Управление оборудованием, контроль процесса тестирования, регистрация и первичная обработка данных осуществляются с помощью специализированного программного обеспечения. Стенд апробирован на ряде традиционных, а также новых разрабатываемых материалов. Характерные результаты представлены на примере тестирования изготовленных авторами порошковых образцов Ag и Ag/15CdO в симметричных контактных пара