Andrea Mantegnas „Samson und Dalila“: Ein „antikes“ Kunstgenre als Präfiguration der Malerei?

Die ältere Kunstgeschichte war der Meinung, in der Brust Mantegnas hätten zwei Seelen miteinander im Streit gelegen: ein begeisterter Antiquar, der die antike Kunst als etwas Modellhaftes betrachtete, und ein frommer Christ, für den sie Ausdruck eines zum Untergang verurteilten Heidentums gewesen sei. Wir meinen dagegen, Mantegna habe aus typologischen Argumentationsmustern und Paragone-Argumenten (Gattungs-Wettstreit) eine Dialektik entwickelt, in welcher diese Gegensätze aufgehoben sind – wolle die Malerei, so deren Pointe, der christlichen Inkarnationsidee gerecht werden, müsse sie die Transzendenz der mittelalterlichen Kunst mit der taktilen Präsenz der antiken Skulptur verbinden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das Samson-Dalila-Bild der Londoner National Gallery von besonderem Interesse. Es handelt sich um eine fingierte Skulptur, um eine kameeartige Kombination aus monochromen Relief und farbigen Steingrund. Sie will, so unsere These, als Exempel einer spätantiken Kunstübung verstanden werden, die zwischen antiker Vollplastik und christlicher Malerei auf ähnliche Weise vermittelt wie das Alte Testament zwischen antiker und christlicher Religion

Freuds Selbstporträt als Leonardo da Vinci: Eine moderne Variante der „Legende vom Künstler“

Sigmund Freuds 1910 publizierte Studie „Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci“, gedacht als Speerspitze in der Eroberung der Kulturgeschichte durch die Psychoanalyse, wurde zum Inbegriff eines unwissenschaftlichen Zugangs zur Kunst. Zur Kunstgeschichte im engeren Sinn kann der Essay in der Tat kaum etwas beitragen. Aber er verdient in anderem Kontext Interesse – nämlich in dem der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Dass auch die angeblich rein beobachtenden Disziplinen ihre Gegenstände ”konstruieren”, ist heute gängige Münze. Weniger beliebt (weil gefährlicher) ist indessen eine andere Relativitätsthese: dass auch bestimmte idealisierende Vorstellungen, die die Forschenden über ihre Rolle, Aufgabe und Bestimmung hegen, den Blick auf die Realität vernebeln können. Das wird unserer Ansicht nach in Freuds „Leonardo“ so deutlich wie selten – und deshalb eignet sich die Abhandlung als Exempel für die Wissenschaft insgesamt

Analysis of First Order Reversal Curves in the Thermal Hysteresis of Spin-crossover Nanoparticles within the Mechanoelastic Model

The recently obtained spin-crossover nanoparticles are possible candidates for applications in the recording media industry as materials for data storage, or as pressure and temperature sensors. For these applications the intermolecular interactions and interactions between spin-crossover nanoparticles are extremely important, as they may be essential factors in triggering the transition between the two stable phases: the high-spin and low-spin ones. In order to find correlations between the distributions in size and interactions and the transition temperatures distribution, we apply the FORC (First Order Reversal Curves) method, using simulations based on a mechanoelastic model applied to 2D triangular lattices composed of molecules linked by springs and embedded in a surfactant. We consider two Gaussian distributions: one of the size of the nanoparticles and one of the elastic interactions between edge spin-crossover molecules and the surfactant molecules. In order to disentangle the kinetic and non-kinetic parts of the FORC distributions, we compare the results obtained for different temperature sweeping rates. We also show that the presence of few larger particles in a distribution centered around much smaller particles dramatically increases the hysteresis width.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 2014 59-th MMM conferenc

Adaptive Local Multigrid Methods for the Solution of Time Harmonic Eddy Current Problems

The efficient computation of large eddy current problems with finite elements requires adaptive methods and fast optimal iterative solvers like multigrid methods. This paper provides an overview of the most important implementation aspects of an adaptive multigrid scheme for time-harmonic eddy currents. It is shown how the standard multigrid scheme can be modified to yield an O(N) complexity even for general adaptive refinement strategies, where the number of unknowns N can grow slowly from one to the next refinement level. Algorithmic details and numerical examples are given

Accuracy of multidetector row computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia in a non-selected study population

The diagnostic accuracy of multidetector row computed tomography for the prospective diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia in the daily clinical routine was analyzed. Two hundred ninety-one consecutive patients with an acute or subacute abdomen, examined by MDCT over a time period of 5 months, were included in the study. All original CT diagnoses made during the daily routine by radiological generalists were compared to the final diagnoses made by using all available medical information from endoscopies, surgical interventions, autopsies and follow-up. Finally, all CT examinations of patients with an initial CT diagnosis or a final diagnosis of bowel ischemia were reread by a radiologist specialized in abdominal imaging in order to analyze the CT findings and the reasons for initially false negative or false positive CT readings. Twenty-four patients out of 291 (8.2%) had acute bowel ischemia. The age of affected patients ranged from 50 to 94 years (mean age: 75.7 years). Eleven patients were male, and 13 female. Reasons for acute bowel ischemia were: arterio-occlusive (n=11), non-occlusive (n=5), strangulation (n=2), over-distension (n=3) and radiation (n=3). The prospective sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MDCT for the diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia in the daily routine were 79.17, 98.51, 90.48 and 98.15%. MDCT reaches a similarly high sensitivity in diagnosing acute bowel as angiography. Furthermore, it has the advantage of being helpful in most of its clinical differential diagnoses and of being less invasive with the consecutive possibility of being used earlier in the diagnostic process with all the resulting positive effects on the patients prognosis. Therefore, nowadays MDCT should probably be used as the first step imaging modality of choice in patients with suspected acute bowel ischemi

Reliability-Aware Power Management Of Multi-Core Systems (MPSoCs)

Long-term reliability of processors in embedded systems is experiencing growing attention since decreasing feature sizes and increasing power consumption have a negative influence on the lifespan. Among other measures, the reliability can be influenced significantly by Dynamic Power Management (DPM), since it affects the processor\u27s temperature. Compared to single-core systems reconfigurable multi-core SoCs offer much more possibilities to optimize power and reliability. The impact of different DPM-strategies on the lifespan of multi-core processors is the focus of this presentation. It is shown that the long-term reliability of a multi-core system can be influenced deliberately with different DPM strategies and that temperature cycling greatly influences the estimated lifespan. In this presentation, a new reliability-aware dynamic power management (RADPM) policy is explained

Carbon nanotubes immersed in superfluid helium: the Impact of quantum confinement on wetting and capillary action

7 págs.; 5 figs.; 1 tab. ; Associated content mp4 video: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02414A recent experimental study [Ohba, Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 28992] of gas adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes at temperatures between 2 and 5 K reported a quenched propagation of helium through carbon nanotubes with diameters below 7 Å despite the small kinetic diameter of helium atoms. After assessing the performance of a potential model for the He−nanotube interaction via ab initio calculations with density functional theorybased symmetry adapted perturbation theory, we apply orbital-free helium density functional theory to show that the counterintuitive experimental result is a consequence of the exceptionally high zeropoint energy of helium and its tendency to form spatially separated layers of helium upon adsorption at the lowest temperatures. Helium filling factors are derived for a series of carbon nanotubes and compared to the available experimental data. © 2016 American Chemical SocietyThis work has been supported by the COST Action CM1405 “Molecules in Motion (MOLIM)”. M.P.d.L.-C. gratefully acknowledges support from MINECO (Spain) under Grant MAT2016-75354-P and thanks the CTI (CSIC) and CESGA supercomputer facilities (Spain) for the resources provided.Peer reviewe

Unusual molecular material formed through irreversible transformation and revealed by 4D electron microscopy

Four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy (EM) uniquely combines the high spatial resolution to pinpoint individual nano-objects, with the high temporal resolution necessary to address the dynamics of their laser-induced transformation. Here, using 4D-EM, we demonstrate the in situ irreversible transformation of individual nanoparticles of the molecular framework Fe(pyrazine)Pt(CN)4. The newly formed material exhibits an unusually large negative thermal expansion (i.e. contraction), which is revealed by time-resolved imaging and diffraction. Negative thermal expansion is a unique property exhibited by only few materials. Here we show that the increased flexibility of the metal–cyanide framework after the removal of the bridging pyrazine ligands is responsible for the negative thermal expansion behavior of the new material. This in situ visualization of single nanostructures during reactions should be extendable to other classes of reactive systems

Dirichlet Boundary Value Problems of the Ernst Equation

We demonstrate how the solution to an exterior Dirichlet boundary value problem of the axisymmetric, stationary Einstein equations can be found in terms of generalized solutions of the Backlund type. The proof that this generalization procedure is valid is given, which also proves conjectures about earlier representations of the gravitational field corresponding to rotating disks of dust in terms of Backlund type solutions.Comment: 22 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. D, Correction of a misprint in equation (4