O impacto da pandemia no desempenho de monitores de anatomia em processos de seleção de bolsas de uma instituição pública / The impact of the pandemic on the performance of anatomy monitors in scholarship selection processes at a public institution

Os processos seletivos de monitores da instituição pública federal são realizados no início de cada semestre letivo com avaliação prática e teórica do desempenho dos estudantes aptos a serem monitores de anatomia e neuroanatomia humana. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho cognitivo dos estudantes candidatos ao processo seletivo de monitoria de anatomia e neuroanatomia humana entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. Nesse viés, o estudo em questão identificou o impacto negativo do ensino remoto durante a pandemia do Coronavírus nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Desse modo, a análise verificou que apesar dos esforços dispendidos com o uso de tecnologias, metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem, estudo híbrido com aulas síncronas e assíncronas, os estudantes que participaram do processo seletivo presencial no ano de 2022 demonstraram desempenhos piores em comparação com os estudantes que participaram dos processos seletivos presenciais entre os anos de 2018 a 2019. Depreende-se, então, que o ensino presencial de anatomia humana é essencial para o bom aprendizado dos conteúdos abordados na unidade curricular do curso de medicina da instituição pública avaliada

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Pharmacological basis for use of Lychnophora trichocarpha in gouty arthritis : anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of its extract, fraction and constituents.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The ethanolic extract of Lychnophoratrichocarpha Spreng. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bruise, pain and inflammatory diseases. Aim of the study: The present study aimed at investigating whether ethanolic extract of L. trichocarpha, its ethyl acetate fraction and its main bioactive compounds could be useful to treat gouty arthritis by countering hyperuricemia and inflammation. Materials and methods: L. trichocarpha ethanolic extract (LTE), ethyl acetate fraction from ethanolic extract (LTA) and isolated compounds were evaluated for urate-lowering activity and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in monosodium urate crystal-induced paw oedema, an experimental model of gouty arthritis, was also investigated. Results: Crude ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed significant urate-lowering effects. LTE was also able to significantly inhibit liver xantine oxidase (XOD) activity in vivo at the dose of 250 mg/kg. Luteolin, apigenin, lupeol, lychnopholide and eremantholide C showed the anti-hyperuricemic activities among tested compounds. Apigenin also showed XOD inhibitory activity in vivo. Luteolin, lychnopholide, lupeol and eremantholide C, in turn, did not shown significant inhibitory activity towards this enzyme, indicating that this mechanism is not likely to be involved in urate-lowering effects of those compounds. LTE, LTA, lupeol, β-sitosterol, lychnopholide, eremantholide, luteolin and apigenin were also found to inhibit monosodium urate crystals-induced paw oedema in mice. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of Lychnophoratrichocarpha and some of its bioactive compounds may be promising agents for the treatment of gouty arthritis since they possesses both anti-hiperuricemic and anti-inflammatory properties

Pharmacological basis for use of Lychnophora trichocarpha in gouty arthritis : anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of its extract, fraction and constituents.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The ethanolic extract of Lychnophoratrichocarpha Spreng. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bruise, pain and inflammatory diseases. Aim of the study: The present study aimed at investigating whether ethanolic extract of L. trichocarpha, its ethyl acetate fraction and its main bioactive compounds could be useful to treat gouty arthritis by countering hyperuricemia and inflammation. Materials and methods: L. trichocarpha ethanolic extract (LTE), ethyl acetate fraction from ethanolic extract (LTA) and isolated compounds were evaluated for urate-lowering activity and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in monosodium urate crystal-induced paw oedema, an experimental model of gouty arthritis, was also investigated. Results: Crude ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed significant urate-lowering effects. LTE was also able to significantly inhibit liver xantine oxidase (XOD) activity in vivo at the dose of 250 mg/kg. Luteolin, apigenin, lupeol, lychnopholide and eremantholide C showed the anti-hyperuricemic activities among tested compounds. Apigenin also showed XOD inhibitory activity in vivo. Luteolin, lychnopholide, lupeol and eremantholide C, in turn, did not shown significant inhibitory activity towards this enzyme, indicating that this mechanism is not likely to be involved in urate-lowering effects of those compounds. LTE, LTA, lupeol, β-sitosterol, lychnopholide, eremantholide, luteolin and apigenin were also found to inhibit monosodium urate crystals-induced paw oedema in mice. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of Lychnophoratrichocarpha and some of its bioactive compounds may be promising agents for the treatment of gouty arthritis since they possesses both anti-hiperuricemic and anti-inflammatory properties

Farelo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais = Tomato meal (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in the diet of laying hens

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT) sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi ointeiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT). Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.<br><br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM) on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%). The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM inclusion caused reduction on yolk weight and yolk percentage, with linear effect. However, when 15% TM was included in the diets, the yolks were heavier than those obtained with the control diet. The results obtained in this work suggest that the inclusion of 5% TM can be implemented for better performance results. When 15% TM was used, there was no effect on the yield of egg parts

<b>Farelo de tomate (<em>Lycopersicum esculentum</em> Mill.) na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997 <b>Tomato meal (<em>Lycopersicum esculentum</em> Mill.) in the diet of laying hens</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT) sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT). Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até 15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM) on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%). The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM inclusion caused reduction on yolk weight and yolk percentage, with linear effect. However, when 15% TM was included in the diets, the yolks were heavier than those obtained with the control diet. The results obtained in this work suggest that the inclusion of 5% TM can be implemented for better performance results. When 15% TM was used, there was no effect on the yield of egg parts