Brewery spent yeast insoluble residue as microcarriers for bioactive compound

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Flaxseed gum-biopolymers interactions driving rheological behaviour of oropharyngeal dysphagia-oriented products

Viscosity-modified diet through thickeners is used as a strategy to circumvent swallowing problems by oropharyngeal dysphagia patients. Most commercial products present xanthan and starch in their formulations, but flaxseed gum (FG) is a potential thickener for liquid food that provides additional health benefits. FG was mixed either with modified starch (MS) and/or xanthan gum (XG), varying biopolymersâ concentration according to a central composite rotational design in which rheological and colour properties in water were the evaluated responses. All formulations showed a shear time-independent and shear-thinning behaviour, mainly influenced by XG and MS concentrations. In oscillatory measurements, the formulations presented a prevailing elastic character attributed to MS and mainly to XG, which despite the lower concentration in which it was incorporated, exerted a similar influence on this rheological property. However, the increase of FG concentration was the most significant factor influencing viscosity, but also favoured an increase of both viscoelastic moduli mainly G'. Analysis of the microstructure disclosed different network structures as a result of biopolymers interactions, which was related to rheological behaviour giving insights to design new thickeners for dysphagia management. In addition, the amount of glucose released after in vitro digestion was evaluated and compared to a commercial MS-based thickener. Interestingly, the commercial formulation showed a glucose release significantly higher than the proposed FG/MS/XG-based formulations. These results open the opportunity to tailor the rheological characteristics of food systems by adding and combining natural ingredients, improving technological and nutritional properties.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (Finance code 001); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (Process numbers 2016/05448–8; 2011/51707–1; EMU 2009/54137–1; 2007/58017–5; 2006/03263–9; 2004/08517–3) and by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - Process 307168/2016–6). Okuro and Santos thanks São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant numbers 2018/20308–3 and 2017/18109–0)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

IL-2, IL-5, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA expression in epidermal keratinocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus skin lesions

OBJECTIVE: To analyze cytokine gene expression in keratinocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). INTRODUCTION: Keratinocytes represent 95% of epidermal cells and can secrete several cytokines. METHODS: Keratinocytes were obtained by laser microdissection from 21 patients with SLE (10 discoid and 11 acute lesions) at involved and uninvolved sites. All patients were receiving a low/moderate prednisone dose and 18 were receiving chloroquine diphosphate. IL-2, IL-5, TNF-α and IFN-γ gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and expressed as the ratio (R) to a pool of skin samples from 12 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Heterogeneity in cytokine gene expression was found among patients with SLE. Eighteen of 38 valid SLE samples (47%) presented overexpression (R>1) of at least one cytokine. Lesional skin samples tended to show higher cytokine expression than samples from uninvolved skin (p = 0.06). IL-5 and IFN-γ were the most commonly overexpressed cytokines. Samples with cytokine overexpression corresponded to more extensive and severe lesions. Prednisone dose did not differ between samples without cytokine overexpression (15.71±3.45 mg/day) and those with overexpressed cytokines (12.68±5.41 mg/day) (p = 0.216). Samples from all patients not receiving diphosphate chloroquine had at least one overexpressed cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneous keratinocyte cytokine gene expression reflects the complex immunological and inflammatory background in SLE. Patients with severe/extensive skin lesions showed a higher frequency of cytokine gene overexpression. Increased IFN-γ and IL-5 expression suggests that Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in SLE skin inflammation. The possibility that prednisone and antimalarial drugs may have contributed to low cytokine gene expression in some samples cannot be ruled out.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Brazilian Society of RheumatologyUniversidade Federal do ParáUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Rheumatology DivisionFleury Medicine and Health Research and Development InstituteCâncer HospitalUNIFESP, Rheumatology DivisionFAPESP: 02/2446-1SciEL

A visão dos profissionais de saúde em relação à violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes: um estudo qualitativo

Domestic violence is one of the most difficult topics to be dealt with by health professionals. We aimed, in this research, to understand the experience of health professionals concerning domestic violence against children and teenagers, describing the identification of the cases and the aid offered to the victims in the Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS - Primary Health Care Units). The techniques were participant observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews conducted at two UBSs in the city of Embu, one of the most violent regions of Brazil, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. According to the results, the professionals said they have several difficulties in tackling the question of violence, such as fear of getting involved with criminal people, lack of protection in the UBSs and the relatives' lack of commitment. The fear of assuming legal obligations makes it difficult for the professionals to have attitudes in order to assist the victims. One of the reasons for their denunciation difficulty would be the reproduction of cultural standards in which physical punishment is accepted as an educational practice. Besides, they seem not to feel responsible or qualified to deal with the problem. The professionals of Embu, in a certain way, reproduce the same values and attitudes of the community in relation to violence, conniving at the silence of the families, avoiding commitment to the cases and not believing in the institutions that are responsible for children's protection. It was clear that the problem of domestic violence against children and teenagers is not easy to deal with. The assistance offered to the victims is restricted, mainly due to the professionals' difficulties in handling the social-cultural characteristics of the population and to the lack of dialogue with the institutions that are responsible for referring the cases. The approach, referral and treatment of children and teenagers who are victims of physical violence can be more effective when the health services are in close contact with the daily life of the population.A violência doméstica é um dos temas mais difíceis de serem tratados pelos profissionais de saúde. Buscou-se compreender, na pesquisa realizada, a experiência dos profissionais de saúde sobre a violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes, descrevendo a identificação dos casos e a assistência prestada às vítimas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. As técnicas utilizadas foram observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos focais conduzidos em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Embu/SP, considerada uma das regiões mais violentas do país. Dentre os resultados obtidos, os profissionais ressaltaram inúmeras dificuldades para lidar com a questão da violência, como o medo de se envolver com pessoas criminosas, a falta de resguardo nas unidades de saúde e a falta de comprometimento dos familiares. Um dos motivos da dificuldade de denúncia seria a reprodução de padrões culturais da população em que se aceita a punição física como uma prática educativa. Além disso, não se sentiam responsáveis ou capacitados para lidar com o problema. Os profissionais do Embu, de certa forma, acabam por reproduzir os mesmos valores e atitudes da comunidade em relação à violência, mantendo-se coniventes com o silêncio das famílias, evitando o comprometimento com os casos e desacreditando nas instituições responsáveis pela proteção ao menor. Ficou evidente que o problema da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes não é de fácil manejo. A assistência oferecida às vítimas é restrita, principalmente pelas dificuldades dos profissionais em lidar com as características socioculturais da população atendida e pelo pouco diálogo com as instituições responsáveis pelo encaminhamento dos casos. A abordagem, o encaminhamento e o tratamento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência física podem adquirir maior eficácia quando se estabelece essa aproximação dos serviços de saúde com o cotidiano vivido pela população

Silver nanoparticles-composing alginate/gelatine hydrogel improves wound healing in vivo

Polymer hydrogels have been suggested as dressing materials for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and tissue revitalization. In this work, we report the development of a hydrogel composed of natural polymers (sodium alginate and gelatin) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with recognized antimicrobial activity for healing cutaneous lesions. For the development of the hydrogel, different ratios of sodium alginate and gelatin have been tested, while different concentrations of AgNO3 precursor (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM) were assayed for the production of AgNPs. The obtained AgNPs exhibited a characteristic peak between 430450 nm in the ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectrum suggesting a spheroidal form, which was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis suggested the formation of strong intermolecular interactions as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions between polymers, showing bands at 2920, 2852, 1500, and 1640 cm1. Significant bactericidal activity was observed for the hydrogel, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.50 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 53.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. AgNPs were shown to be non-cytotoxic against fibroblast cells. The in vivo studies in female Wister rats confirmed the capacity of the AgNP-loaded hydrogels to reduce the wound size compared to uncoated injuries promoting histological changes in the healing tissue over the time course of wound healing, as in earlier development and maturation of granulation tissue. The developed hydrogel with AgNPs has healing potential for clinical applications.This research received funding from the Coordenação Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, #443238/2014-6, #470388/2014-5), and from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Correction: Diniz et al. Silver Nanoparticles-Composing Alginate/Gelatine Hydrogel Improves Wound Healing In Vivo. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 390

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6 as published [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos a tratamento hemodialítico

This study aimed at evaluating the functional capacity and health-related quality of life in chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, also checking possible correlations between these clinical variables and age, body mass index (BMI), and hemodialysis time. Sixteen patients were submitted to functional capacity assessment by means of the six-minute walk test (6WT), measures of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and by the fatigue severity scale (FSS). Patients also answered the SF-36 questionnaire. Functional capacity proved to be below predicted values at the 6WT and at respiratory, mainly expiratory muscles; mean FSS scores pointed to moderate fatigue. Patients over 60 years old and those with lesser hemodialysis time showed lower functional capacity only as to the distance walked at the 6WT. BMI did not interfere with functional capacity. Mean overall SF-36 scores were low; pain and lesser vitality were pointed as the SF-36 domains that most interfere in quality of life; age, BMI, and hemodialysis time have not shown to be relevant to most SF-36 domains. Results suggest that, with slight interference of age and hemodialysis time, patients with CRI undergoing hemodialysis treatment have poor functional capacity and health-related quality of life.Este estudo visou avaliar a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida em pacientes com incapacidade renal crônica (IRC) submetidos a tratamento hemodialítico e verificar possíveis correlações entre essas variáveis clínicas e idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e tempo de hemodiálise. Dezesseis pacientes com IRC foram submetidos à avaliação da capacidade funcional pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6'), mensuração das pressões inspiratória e expiratória máxima, e pela aplicação da escala de severidade da fadiga. Também responderam ao questionário SF-36, sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QV). A capacidade funcional mostrou-se abaixo dos valores preditos no TC6' e na força dos músculos respiratórios (principalmente expiratórios); e todos apresentaram em média fadiga leve. Pacientes com mais de 60 anos e aqueles com menor tempo de hemodiálise apresentaram baixa capacidade funcional apenas quanto à distância caminhada, sem prejuízo das demais funções. O IMC não interferiu na capacidade funcional. O escore médio no SF-36 foi 72,3; dor e prejuízo na vitalidade foram indicados como os itens que mais interferem em sua QV, tendo os fatores idade, índice de massa corporal e tempo de hemodiálise não se mostrado relevantes na maioria dos domínios avaliados pelo SF-36. Os resultados sugerem que, com pouca interferência da idade e do tempo de hemodiálise, pacientes com IRC submetidos a tratamento hemodialítico apresentam prejuízos na capacidade funcional e na QV

Anti-tumor efficiency of Perillylalcohol/β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in a sarcoma S180-induced mice model

The low solubility and high volatility of perillyl alcohol (POH) compromise its bioavailability and potential use as chemotherapeutic drug. In this work, we have evaluated the anticancer activity of POH complexed with -cyclodextrin (-CD) using three complexation approaches. Molecular docking suggests the hydrogen-bond between POH and -cyclodextrin in molar proportion was 1:1. Thermal analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the POH was enclosed in the -CD cavity. Also, there was a significant reduction of particle size thereof, indicating a modification of the -cyclodextrin crystals. The complexes were tested against human L929 fibroblasts after 24 h of incubation showing no signs of cytotoxicity. Concerning the histopathological results, the treatment with POH/-CD at a dose of 50 mg/kg promoted approximately 60% inhibition of tumor growth in a sarcoma S180-induced mice model and the reduction of nuclear immunoexpression of the Ki67 antigen compared to the control group. Obtained data suggest a significant reduction of cycling cells and tumor proliferation. Our results confirm that complexation of POH/-CD not only solves the problem related to the volatility of the monoterpene but also increases its efficiency as an antitumor agent.This work was supported by the Banco do Nordeste (grant FUNDECI/2016.0015), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe (Fapitec) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Eliana B. Souto would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and from European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) for the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of plasmatic MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MPO levels in obese and lean women

Objectives: To compare the plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, MMP-8, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) for obese and lean women. Design and methods: We recruited 30 lean and 36 obese women without comorbidities. The MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-8 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MPO activity was assessed by a colorimetric assay. Results: Obese women had higher MMP-9 levels and MMP-9:TIMP-1 ratios than lean women. Conversely, the MMP-8 levels and MMP-8:TIMP-1 ratios in the obese women were significantly lower than those in the lean women despite neutrophil activation, which was assessed by MPO activity., Conclusion: We observed that MMP-9 and MMP-8 had distinct profiles, which suggested that these 2 enzymes play different roles in obesity. (C) 2012 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacdo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG-Brazil)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES-Brazil)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq-Brazil)IEPSCBH Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizont