Família e Autismo: Uma Revisão da Literatura

Autism is a disorder whose severity and chronicity imply in a higher demand for care. Therefore, the family is required to engage and adapt to emerging needs. The present article addresses, through a non-systematic literature review, the impact of an autistic member on the family, as well as autism implications to family functioning. Recently published books and scientific papers were used as sources in this research work. The results show that the impact of autism on family functioning is influenced by the severity of the disorder, the parents’ personality traits, as well as the availability of social support networks. Social support and parent training programs represent alternative actions for the development of coping strategies to be adopted by parents faced with autism.Key words: autism, family, coping.O autismo se constitui em um quadro cuja gravidade e cronicidade implica em uma maior demanda por cuidados. Diante disto, a família é convocada a se mobilizar e se adaptar às necessidades emergentes. O presente artigo aborda, por meio de uma revisão de literatura não sistemática, o impacto da presença de um membro com Autismo na família, bem como suas implicações para o funcionamento familiar. As fontes de pesquisa utilizadas foram livros e artigos científicos atuais. Os resultados sugerem que o impacto do autismo sobre o funcionamento familiar é influenciado pela gravidade da manifestação do transtorno, pelas características de personalidade dos pais, bem como pela disponibilidade de redes de apoio social. Suporte social e programas de treinamento de pais se constituem, desta forma, em alternativas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) dos pais diante do autismo.Palavras-chave: autismo, família, enfrentamento

Teoria da Mente em Familiares de Autistas: Uma Revisão da Literatura

Theory of mind is the people ability to understand their own mental states and the others. People with autism have significant deficit in this ability. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review about theory of mind studies conducted with relatives of people with autistic spectrum disorders. We used as databases BVS Medline, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier and Psy Articles in search of articles. Nine articles were selected and the results indicated inconclusive data on the existence of theory of mind deficits in relatives of people with autistic spectrum disorders. Thus, future studies are aimed to shed light on the topic.Teoria da mente consiste na habilidade de compreensão das pessoas sobre seus próprios estados mentais e dos outros. Pessoas com autismo possuem déficit nesta habilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre os estudos de teoria da mente realizados com familiares de pessoas com transtornos do espectro autístico. Utilizou-se as bases de dados BVS Medline, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier e Psy Articles na busca dos artigos. Foram selecionados nove artigos e os resultados indicaram inconclusibilidade dos dados sobre a existência de déficits de teoria da mente em familiares de pessoas com transtornos do espectro autístico. Desta forma, são apontados possíveis estudos futuros que possibilitem lançar luz sobre o tema

A comunicação de equipe de saúde no tratamento de crianças que requerem cuidados especializados: uma revisão da literatura

In the treatment of children with special needs, a long-term relationship between the health professionals and the patient’s family is built over time. Such relationship is based on collaborative communication between the involved parties. The purpose of this study was to make an integrative review of the literature regarding team communication in the treatment of people who require specialized care. The following databases were used in the search for papers: PsyArticles (APA), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Springer, SAGE Journals Online, Oxford Journals, and SciELO. Eight papers were selected and the results indicated a high number of exploratory studies on the theme, including, more recently, the rise of research that aimed at elaborating evaluation and intervention tools related to team communication in health. The conducted analyses identified a predominance of studies that evaluate communication in a bidirectional manner, collecting data both with caregivers and health professionals. The elucidation of existing research aims at providing an overview of the subject, helping delineate future directions for research. Suggestions were given on possible studies towards advancing knowledge on team communication.Keywords: development deficiencies, patient care team, cross-discipline communication.No tratamento de crianças que requerem cuidados especializados, constrói-se um relacionamento de longo prazo dos profissionais de saúde com a família através do tempo. Essa relação é consolidada com base na comunicação colaborativa entre os envolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a comunicação de equipe no tratamento de pessoas que requerem cuidados especializados. Utilizou-se as bases de dados PsyArticles (APA), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Springer, SAGE Journals Online, Oxford Journals e SciELO na busca dos artigos. Foram selecionados oito estudos, e os resultados indicaram uma maioria de pesquisas exploratórias sobre o tema e, mais recentemente, o surgimento de estudos propositivos sobre a elaboração de ferramentas de avaliação e intervenção relacionadas com a comunicação entre a equipe em saúde. Foi identificada uma predominância de estudos que avaliam a comunicação de forma bidirecional, coletando os dados tanto com cuidadores quanto com os profissionais envolvidos no tratamento. A elucidação das pesquisas já existentes visa fornecer um panorama geral sobre o tema, auxiliando no delineamento de rumos futuros de pesquisa. Diante disso, são apontados possíveis estudos que possibilitem o avanço do conhecimento sobre a comunicação de equipe.Palavras-chave: deficiências do desenvolvimento, equipe de assistência ao paciente, comunicação interdisciplinar

Processos de inter venção para crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Asperger: uma revisão de literatura

Asperger Syndrome (AS) is an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is characterized, according to DSM-IV, by a severe and persistent impairment in social interaction and by the development of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of the intervention of social skills training in children or adolescents with AS. We used as databases: MEDLINE, Psyinfo, Psyarticles, Academic Search Premier and Web of Science. Eight articles were selected and the results indicated that the proposed interventions produced positive eff ects on the skills of children with SA compared with the control group, being effective in promoting social development. Thus, possible future studies are suggested with more accurate measures and larger samples for a better understanding of intervention programs in children and adolescents with AS.Key words: Asperger Syndrome, intervention, social skills practice.A Síndrome de Asperger (SA) se enquadra dentro dos Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e é caracterizada, segundo o DSM-IV, por um prejuízo severo e persistente na interação social e pelo desenvolvimento de padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento, interesses e atividades. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a eficácia da intervenção de treinamento de habilidades sociais em crianças e adolescentes com SA. Foram consultadas as bases de dados: MEDLINE, PsyInfo, Psyarticles, Academic Search Premier e Web of Science. Foram selecionados oito artigos e os resultados indicaram que as intervenções propostas surtiram efeito positivo nas habilidades das crianças portadoras de SA em comparação com o grupo controle, sendo efi cazes na promoção do desenvolvimento social. Desta forma, são sugeridos possíveis estudos futuros com medidas mais acuradas e com amostras maiores para a melhor compreensão dos programas de intervenção em crianças e adolescentes com SA.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Asperger, intervenção, treino de habilidades sociais

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Teoria da mente em pais de crianças com autismo: uma análise comparativa

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T23:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teoria_da_mente_em_pais_de_crian_as_com_autismo.pdf: 1465243 bytes, checksum: d3f2ce1a58090f690b3a3335508d4d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 30Teoria da mente se refere à capacidade de atribuir estados mentais para si mesmo e para os outros. Pessoas com autismo apresentam déficit significativo nesta habilidade. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo a investigação da teoria da mente em pais de pessoas com autismo. Inicialmente foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estudos de teoria da mente realizados com familiares de pessoas com transtornos do espectro autístico. Utilizou-se as bases de dados BVS Medline, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier e Psy Articles na busca dos artigos. Foram analisados nove artigos e os resultados indicaram inconclusibilidade dos dados sobre a existência de déficits de teoria da mente nestes familiares. Com base nas hipóteses levantadas na revisão da literatura, foi realizado um estudo comparativo com 90 participantes, sendo 30 pais de crianças com autismo, 30 pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down e 30 pais de crianças com desenvolvimento típico, com o objetivo de avaliar a habilidade de teoria da mente. Os grupos foram pareados em relação ao sexo e escolaridade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Eyes Test e o Unexpected Outcomes Task. Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos na habilidade de dedução da teoria da mente, sugerindo a existência de déficit de teoria da mente mais especificamente em mães de crianças com autismo. Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos que deem continuidade às questões levantadas.Theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. People with autism show deficit in this ability. This dissertation aims to investigate theory of mind in parents of individuals with autism. Initially was performed a systematic review of the literature on theory of mind with relatives of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. BVS Medline, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier and Psy Articles databases were used in the search for articles. Nine articles were analyzed and the results indicated inconclusive data about the existence of deficits in theory of mind in the family. Based on the hypothesis derived from the literature review, a comparative study was conducted with 90 participants: 30 parents of children with autism, 30 parents of children with Down syndrome and 30 parents of typically developing children, with the aim of evaluating theory of mind. The groups were matched based on gender and education. The instruments used were the Eyes Test and the Unexpected Outcomes Task. The results showed significant differences between groups in their theory of mind deductive ability. This finding suggests the existence of theory of mind deficits specifically in mothers. Further studies are suggested wich can explore the issues raised in the present study