Incidence of tuberculosis infection in spondyloarthritis patients treated with biological and conventional diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drugs in an endemic area

Introduction: Registries of spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients’ follow-up provided evidence that tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) increase the incidence of active tuberculosis infection (TB). However, most of these registries are from low burden TB areas. Few studies evaluated the safety of biologic agents in TB endemic areas. This study compares the TB incidence rate (TB IR) in anti-TNF-naïve and anti-TNFexperienced subjects with SpA in a high TB incidence setting. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, medical records from patients attending a SpA clinic during 13 years (2004 to 2016) in a university hospital were reviewed. The TB IR was calculated and expressed as number of events per 105 patients/year; the incidence rate ratio (IRR) associated with the use of TNFi was calculated. Results: A total of 277 patients, 173 anti-TNF-naïve and 104 anti-TNF-experienced subjects, were evaluated; 35.7% (N = 35) of patients who were prescribed an antiTNF drug were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Total follow-up time (person-years) was 1667.8 for anti-TNF-naïve and 394.9 for anti-TNF-experienced patients. TB IR (95% CI) was 299.8 (37.4-562.2) for anti-TNF naïve and 1012.9 (25.3-2000.5) for anti-TNF experienced subjects. The IRR associated with the use of TNFi was 10.4 (2.3- 47.9). Conclusions: In this high TB incidence setting, SpA patients exposed to anti-TNF therapy had a higher incidence of TB compared to anti-TNF-naïve subjects, although the TB incidence in the control group was significant

Gêneses urbanas do colonialismo: síntese de encontros culturais

Investigações sobre a gênese das vilas litorâneas de Cananeia, Iguape, São Vicente, Santos, São Sebastião e Ubatuba, no atual estado de São Paulo, evidenciam a significativa contribuição das sociedades indígenas nas ocupações do colonialismo. Presentes alguns séculos antes da chegada dos europeus, elas elegeram essa frente atlântica como habitat, estabelecendo em nichos ecológicos seus lugares de vivência. Tais escolhas balizaram as futuras instalações. Uma recorrência simboliza o encontro cultural entre indígenas e europeus: a articulação do módulo espacial da Matriz com a contiguidade da "rua direita"

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estudo da relação da qualidade do ar e variáveis meteorológicas na ocorrência de morbidade respiratória

Atmospheric pollution is responsible for several damages to human health. The respiratory system has direct contact with the external environment and can absorb harmful elements present in the atmosphere causing acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations among air quality, meteorological variables, and the number of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the city of Canoas/RS between January 2014 and December 2018. For the statistical correlation among these factors, the Pearson correlation (r) was used through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26.0 for Windows, considering significant when p<0.05. The air quality parameters, PM10, NO2, and O3, exceeded the limits recommended by regulatory agencies. In the hospital admissions records, there was a greater registry of hospitalizations of males and in the elderly age group. It is possible to verify a significant correlation between air pollutants and hospital admissions, as well as meteorological variables. Therefore, it is necessary the implementation of effective policies and practices to minimize the health risks associated with air pollution and thus decrease the adverse effects related to this exposure. A poluição atmosférica é responsável por vários danos à saúde humana. O aparelho respiratório está em contato direto com o meio externo e possui a capacidade de absorver elementos nocivos presentes na atmosfera ocasionando doenças respiratórias agudas e crônicas. Diante disso, este estudo buscou investigar as associações entre a qualidade do ar, variáveis meteorológicas e o número de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias no município de Canoas/RS, entre janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2018. Para a correlação estatística entre esses fatores foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson (r) através do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 26.0 para Windows, considerando significativo quando o valor de p<0,05. Os parâmetros de qualidade do ar MP10, NO2 e O3, extrapolaram os limites preconizados pelos órgãos reguladores. Nos registros de internações hospitalares, foi evidenciado maior registro de internações no gênero masculino e na faixa etária dos idosos. É possível verificar correlação significativa entre poluentes atmosféricos e internações hospitalares, bem como nas variáveis meteorológicas. Portanto, torna-se necessário à implementação de políticas e práticas efetivas para minimizar os riscos à saúde associados à poluição do ar e assim diminuir os efeitos adversos relacionados a essa exposição.

A ATUAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR DO NEDDIJ DE Uma Leitura dos Casos de Guarda

O Núcleo de Estudos e Defesa de Direitos da Infância e da Juventude da Universidade Estadual de Maringá/PR, atende a população hipossuficiente oferecendo meios para garantir os direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes e, dentre os atendimentos realizados, destaca-se aqueles que visam a regularização das responsabilidades abrangidas pela Ação de Guarda. Baseado na atuação interdisciplinar do NEDDIJ, estabelecida entre o Direito e a Psicologia, os casos de Guarda foram objetos de leitura interpretativa, com o fim de esclarecer aos seus integrantes, aos genitores das crianças atendidas e a comunidade externa à Universidade, a viabilidade de aplicação das diversas modalidades do instituto, visando o melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente, princípio norteador das ações desenvolvidas no NEDDIJ