Nested Radar Systems for Remote Coastal Observations

Advances in radar technology now allow the observation of sea surface features at multiple scales, from kilometers, down to metres. In the same manner that nested models are used at different resolutions, nested radars of different frequencies can be used to provide data on sea surface features at various resolutions. A new radar system in the millimeter wave-band has now been demonstrated with a resolution of <1m. This MMW-radar was deployed in a nested configuration with an X-band marine radar from a beach near Faro in Portugal. The results from the two systems show how the MMW-radar can image fine detail surf zone and swash processes to a range of O(200m), while the marine radar provides lower resolution images of O(10m) to longer ranges of O(2km). Data from the two nested radars are shown from a recent deployment on a barrier beach in the Ria Formosa region of the Algarve, Portugal. The data from these nested radars are analysed to map wavelengths in 2-D and a non-linear bathymetric inversion is used on both sets of data to estimate the bathymetry of the imaged area. Comparisons with in-situ surveys demonstrate the accuracy of this technique

Trends of knowledge production in health education in Brazil

This literature review aimed to identify the concept of Health Education used by researchers in Collective Health; to present the main trends and pedagogical references defended in these studies and to exemplify studies constructed with the objective to promote health education by means of participant strategies with the community's involvement. After reading and analyzing 22 articles searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online that answered the study questions, the following categories of analysis were constructed: Health Education in Brazil - conceptual aspects; pedagogical practices in education and health; health education applied to professional practices. Health education is an essential field to the development of a society and educative practices are opportunities to apply knowledge directed to social growth. The importance of educational proposals based on the reflection, critique, involvement and awareness is perceived, as well as the importance of implementing new educative programs to meet the population's needs.Trata-se de revisão de literatura cujo objetivo foi identificar o conceito de Educação em Saúde, utilizado por pesquisadores em Saúde Coletiva, apresentar as principais tendências e referenciais pedagógicos discutidos nessas pesquisas e exemplificar estudos construídos com o objetivo de promover a educação em saúde por meio de estratégias participativas com o envolvimento da comunidade. Após a leitura e análise de 22 artigos, levantados no Scientific Eletronic Library Online, que atendiam as questões norteadoras do estudo, foram construídas as seguintes categorias de análise: educação em saúde no Brasil - aspectos conceituais, práticas pedagógicas em educação e saúde, educação em saúde aplicada à prática profissional. A educação em saúde é um campo imprescindível ao desenvolvimento de uma sociedade e práticas educativas são espaços de aplicação dos saberes destinados ao crescimento social. Percebe-se a importância de propostas educacionais baseadas na reflexão, crítica, envolvimento e conscientização, e a importância da implementação de novos programas educativos que atendam toda população.Se trata de una revisión de literatura cuyo objetivo fue identificar el concepto de Educación en Salud utilizado por investigadores en la Salud Colectiva; presentar las principales tendencias y referenciales pedagógicos discutidos en estas investigaciones y ejemplificar estudios construidos con el objetivo de promover la educación en salud a través de estrategias con la participación de la comunidad. Tras la lectura y análisis de 22 artículos encontrados en el Scientific Eletronic Library Online que atendían a los temas orientadores del estudio, han sido construidas las siguientes categorías de análisis: Educación en Salud en Brasil-aspectos conceptos conceptuales, prácticas pedagógicas en educación y salud; educación en salud aplicada a la práctica profesional. La educación es un campo imprescindible al desarrollo de una sociedad y las prácticas educativas son marcos de aplicación de los saberes destinados al crecimiento social. Se nota la importancia de las propuestas educacionales basadas en la reflexión, en la crítica, en el involucramiento y concientización, y la importancia de implantar nuevos programas educativos que atiendan a toda la población

Kinetics of formation of bile salt micelles from coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations.

We examine the mechanism of formation of micelles of dihydroxy bile salts using a coarse-grained, implicit solvent model and Langevin dynamics simulations. We find that bile salt micelles primarily form via addition and removal of monomers, similarly to surfactants with typical head-tail molecular structures, and not via a two-stage mechanism - involving formation of oligomers and their subsequent aggregation to form larger micelles - originally proposed for bile salts. The free energy barrier to removal of single bile monomers from micelles is ≈2kBT, much less than what has been observed for head-tail surfactants. Such a low barrier may be biologically relevant: it allows for rapid release of bile monomers into the intestine, possibly enabling the coverage of fat droplets by bile salt monomers and subsequent release of micelles containing fats and bile salts - a mechanism that is not possible for ionic head-tail surfactants of similar critical micellar concentrations.Netherlands organization for Scientific Research (NWO)This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Royal Society of Chemistry via http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6SM00763

Latent olefin metathesis catalysts

Olefin metathesis is a versatile synthetic tool for the redistribution of alkylidene fragments at carbon-carbon double bonds. This field, and more specifically the development of task-specific, latent catalysts, attracts emerging industrial and academic interest. This tutorial review aims to provide the reader with a concise overview of early breakthroughs and recent key developments in the endeavor to develop latent olefin metathesis catalysts, and to illustrate their use by prominent examples from the literature

The Algarve climatophilous vegetation series – Portugal: a base document to the planning, management and nature conservation Les séries de végètation climatophiles de l’Algarve - Portugal: un document de base pour la planification, gestion et conservation de la nature

This work was developed as part of PhD research devoted to the flora and vegetation of the Caldeirão and Monchique mountains that aims to identify the vegetation climatophilous series and use them as an environmental diagnosis of Algarve administrative province phyto-ecological subregions. Biogeographic and bioclimatic considerations are presented, as well as the study area pedological and lithological characterization. For each of the seven climatophilous series the dynamic and catenal behaviours, as well as the main characteristic plants that constitute the successional stages, are given. The corresponding patrimonial value is studied

Evolución de un modelo de competición en una escuela de baloncesto formativo

En la iniciación del Baloncesto existen numerosas escuelas que plantean unos objetivos muy concretos para realizar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los niños y niñas que lo practican. Dichos objetivos se centran fundamentalmente en fomentar no sólo el progreso eficaz de los jugadores y jugadoras en el área de Baloncesto. También centran su atención en la formación integral de los participantes a través de una minuciosa selección del profesorado, así como la aplicación de una metodología que permita a los niños y niñas desarrollar su capacidad de percepción y decisión, su actitud activa y reflexiva ante sus propios aprendizajes, su necesidad de fomentar determinados elementos educativos, relacionados con aspectos psicosociales, de salud y lúdicos. El sistema de competición de los jugadores y jugadoras que practican en este tipo de Escuelas de Baloncesto, adquiere una esencial importancia, considerándola como un medio para conseguir los fines perseguidos. Por este motivo, es preciso presentar un modelo de competición que garantice la formación integral de los niños y niñas que participan. La Escuela de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid plantea el sistema de competición utilizado y los aspectos más relevantes que han propiciado ciertas modificaciones a lo largo de su etapa desde su creación.In the initiation to Basketball, there are a great number of schools, which suggest particular objectives, in order to conduct the learning and teaching process for the children who practice it. Those aims are focused mainly on encouraging not only the efficient progress of the Basketball players. But also, they are centred on the integral formation of the participants throughout detailed selection of the faculty, as well as the application of a methodology that allows children to develop their capacity of perception and decision, their active and reflexive behaviour before their own learning, its need to promote certain educational elements, related to psychological, healthy and fun aspects. The competition system of the players who practice in this kind of Basketball schools, obtains an essential importance, being considered as a medium to achieve the pursued purposes. That’s why it is necessary to present a competition model, which ensures the integral formation of the participating children. The Real Madrid Foundation’s basketball school displays the competition system used, and the more relevant aspects that have contribute to certain modifications since its creation

Current state of the Prunetalia spinosae communities in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal)

This paper re-examines the Rhamno-Prunetea class in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Andalusia. The paper also deals with the alliances Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii Lonicero-Berberidion hispanicae in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, and Berberidion vulgaris (Berberidenion seroi) in the area of Cuenca. Our analysis of 225 relevés arranged in 22 phytosociological tables helped us to re-organize the available information and subsequently propose three associations and two subassociations: Clematido vitalbae-Rosetum micranthae nova; Berberido hispanicae- Buxetum sempervirentis nova; Roso siculae-Berberidetum hispanicae Mota nova subas. prunetosum ramburii Mota nova; Lonicero arboreae-Rhamnetum cathartici Martínez-Parras and Molero 1983 subas. prunetosum ranburii nova. As a result of the study, a total of 18 syntaxa with the rank of association and four with the rank of subassociation are proposed for the south of the Iberian Peninsula

Analysis of the Cytisetea scopario-striati scrubs in the south-west-centre of the Iberian Peninsula

The statistical and phytosociological study of 255 relevés taken in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula and made up of our own samples and previous publications reveals how close these relevés, previously ascribed to different syntaxa, really are. Our re-arrangement of the data leads us to propose for the territory the 15 associations already published and three new ones, namely: Genisto floridae-Adenocarpetum argyrophylli ass. nova hoc loco, Cytisetum bourgaei- eriocarpi nova, Lavandulo viridis-Cytisetum striati ass. nova hoc. loco. We also suggest a name correction, Adenocarpo anisochili-Cytisetum scoparii J.C. Costa et al. 2000 corr., and a status change, namely, Ulici latebracteati- Cytisetum striati (Costa et al. 2000) status novo

Fintar con balón en la iniciación al baloncesto

En baloncesto, cuando un jugador tiene la posesión del balón, una de las acciones importantes a realizar es la finta, cuyo objetivo es obtener ventaja respecto al oponente haciéndole creer que va a realizar una acción para que, en función de la respuesta de dicho oponente, el jugador elija la acción más eficaz y, de este modo, obtener la ventaja deseada. Hemos analizado a determinados jugadores y jugadoras principiantes de la categoría alevín para comprobar cómo y cuándo realizan las fintas en el momento en que obtienen la posesión del balón. Se ha llevado a cabo realizando la observación y análisis de un número de partidos de equipos de categoría alevín, vinculados a unas escuelas de baloncesto de iniciación. Por otro lado, hemos preguntado a los entrenadores, a través de una entrevista, para comprobar la importancia que tiene este elemento técnico-táctico y cómo lo trabajan durante los entrenamientos. Los resultados de este estudio manifiestan que los jugadores y jugadoras analizados, de la categoría alevín, cuando realizan un trabajo específico de fintas con balón durante los entrenamientos, son capaces de aplicar este elemento mayor número de veces durante los partidos. La finta de tiro es la que realizan con mayor frecuencia y le siguen la finta de pase y finta de salida.In Basketball, when a player has the ball, one of the important actions is feint, whose objective is to obtain an advantage regarding the opponent, making him believe that the individual is going to do something, in order to, based on the answer of that opponent, the player will chose the most effective action and, thus, having the desired advantage. This paper has analysed certain beginners with 9-11 years, to check how and when they make feints while having the ball in their possession. This has been accomplished making an observation, and analysis of the number of groups’ matches among those ages, connected to initiation basketball schools. On the other hand, we have interviewed coaches, to test the importance of this technical-tactical element, and how they work it during their trainings. The results of this study demonstrate that the analysed players, between those ages, when they make a specific work of feints with a ball during their trainings, they are able to apply this element more times during matches. The shot fake is the one carried out more frequently, and to which the fake pass, and jab step follow