Otimização dos sistemas de comando e controlo de um sistema de refrigeração - análise de um caso

Atualmente a refrigeração assume cada vez mais um papel preponderante, visto que é essencial e imprescindível o armazenamento de alimentos e outros produtos que, não estando num ambiente com a temperatura controlada, podem-se deteriorar rapidamente e com mais facilidade, o que pode condicionar a vida humana. Devido à relevância dos sistemas de refrigeração, o bom desempenho dos componentes que integram estes sistemas é muito importante. Para se obter o melhor aproveitamento destes componentes existem dispositivos de controlo e comando que permitem que estes funcionem com a melhor performance possível. Estes aparelhos são úteis também para as pessoas, visto que estas conseguem ter mais controlo sobre os equipamentos que estão sobre o seu domínio e responder de forma mais eficaz a problemas detetados. Neste âmbito surge o presente trabalho, desenvolvido na empresa SKK – Central de Distribuição para Refrigeração e Climatização, Lda., com o objetivo de integrar num quadro elétrico trifásico para sistemas de refrigeração, um equipamento de controlo e comando. Inicialmente, será apresentada uma caraterização dos sistemas de refrigeração de modo a compreender como é realizado um ciclo de refrigeração, os seus componentes e também a importância da engenharia nesta área. Além disto, serão apresentadas as particularidades do quadro elétrico construído para este trabalho e explicadas as caraterísticas mais relevantes que este deve de ter, de forma a responder às necessidades dos utilizadores. No final serão analisados os resultados obtidos e apresentadas as respetivas conclusões de todo o trabalho realizado.Nowadays, refrigeration has a preponderant role, since it is essential and indispensable to store food and other products. If food is not in a place with controlled temperature, it can deteriorate quickly and easily, this can condition human life. Due to the relevance of the refrigeration systems, the good performance of the components that integrate these systems is very important. To obtain the best use of these components there are control and command devices that allow the best performance possible. These devices are also useful for people, since they can have more control over the equipment and respond more effectively, thereby making it possible to detect problems sooner. In this context, the work developed in the company SKK, has the goal of integrating into a three-phase electric board specifically for refrigeration systems, equipment of control and command. Throughout this report, a characterization of refrigeration systems will be presented to understand how a refrigeration cycle is performed, its components and also the importance of engineering in this area. Besides this, the details of the electric board will be presented and explained the most relevant features that has to have, to answer users' needs. In the end the results and conclusions analyzed will be presented

DESAFIOS DO ATENDIMENTO À MULHER EM SITUAÇÃO DE VIOLÊNCIA NO ÂMBITO DOS CREAS

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer alguns resultados parciais de estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória, sobre a experiência social de mulheres em situação de violência acerca do atendimento no âmbito dos CREAS de Porto Alegre. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas e grupos focais com mulheres, profissionais e gestores de 9 CREAS, totalizando 52 sujeitos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, de Bardin. Os resultados apontam para a falta de capacitação dos profissionais no tema da violência contra a mulher e questões de gênero: a violência institucional experienciada pelas mulheres ao serem encaminhadas à rede de proteção da mulher; a judicialização da violência e as dificuldades de trabalhar com o agressor; e a necessidade da criação de espaços e estratégias para promoção da autonomia da mulher, no âmbito econômico e social, como uma possibilidade de intenção de ruptura com a violência

Violência contra a mulher do campo: desafios às políticas públicas

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar algumas das expressões de violência vivenciadas por mulheres do campo e as experiências relacionadas ao acesso à rede de proteção social no Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi exploratório, de natureza qualitativa e norteado pelo método dialético-crítico. As narrativas das mulheres do campo, lideranças e trabalhadores da rede foram obtidas a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisadas à luz dos estudos de gênero. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades de acesso e/ou inexistência de serviços da rede para as mulheres rurais, além de experiências sociais marcadas pela divisão sexual do trabalho, patriarcalismo e machismo

VIOLENCE AGAINST RURAL WOMEN IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL: CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC POLICIES

A woman in Brazil suffers violence every 24 seconds, but there are women more vulnerable to violence such as rural women. 55.2% rural women revealed that they had experienced some type of domestic violence and almost 50% of them reported a lack of services for women who have been abused (Bagatini et. al., 2013 p.27). This qualitative research focuses on violence against rural women in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the challenges for public policies to guarantee their rights. The main objectives are: to identify the types of violence suffered by rural women; to describe their help seeking process, and to analyse if the safety network for women are able to meet their demands. The data was collected through interviews with representatives of women´s rural movemen, coordinators of women´s policies and rural women, and submitted to content analysis. The results demonstrate the invisibility of violence against women in rural areas, the lack of recognition of women´s work; the lack of transportation to access the network of services when available. Furthermore, there is a need of actions to challenge the patriarchal culture as well as public policies directed to the promotion of women´s autonomy. We conclude that rural women are more vulnerable to violence due to the lack of information about their rights and the economic dependency of their partners, as well as the more traditional gender roles. Some government initiatives is taking place such as the mobile units that will provide legal, social and psychological services to rural women

VIOLENCE AGAINST RURAL WOMEN IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL: CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC POLICIES

A woman in Brazil suffers violence every 24 seconds, but there are women more vulnerable to violence such as rural women. 55.2% rural women revealed that they had experienced some type of domestic violence and almost 50% of them reported a lack of services for women who have been abused (Bagatini et. al., 2013 p.27). This qualitative research focuses on violence against rural women in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the challenges for public policies to guarantee their rights. The main objectives are: to identify the types of violence suffered by rural women; to describe their help seeking process, and to analyse if the safety network for women are able to meet their demands. The data was collected through interviews with representatives of women´s rural movemen, coordinators of women´s policies and rural women, and submitted to content analysis. The results demonstrate the invisibility of violence against women in rural areas, the lack of recognition of women´s work; the lack of transportation to access the network of services when available. Furthermore, there is a need of actions to challenge the patriarchal culture as well as public policies directed to the promotion of women´s autonomy. We conclude that rural women are more vulnerable to violence due to the lack of information about their rights and the economic dependency of their partners, as well as the more traditional gender roles. Some government initiatives is taking place such as the mobile units that will provide legal, social and psychological services to rural women

New 1,3-diarylureas linked by C-C Suzuki coupling to the methyl 3-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate moiety: synthesis and fluorescence studies in solution and in lipid membranes

New six fluorescent 1,3-diarylureas linked by C-C Suzuki coupling to the 6-position of the methyl 3-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate moiety were prepared by reaction of the amino groups on the ortho or meta positions relative to the C-C bond of the Suzuki coupling products, with different para-substituted arylisocyanates (H, OMe, CN), in high to excellent yields. The fluorescence properties of the 1,3-diarylureas in solution and in lipid membranes of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (Egg-PC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) or dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), with or without cholesterol (Ch), were studied. The six 1,3-diarylureas have reasonable fluorescence quantum yields in several solvents (between 0.02 and 0.69) and present a moderately solvent sensitive emission, but are not fluorescent in alcohols and water. The compounds bearing the arylurea moiety in the meta position relative to the C-C bond, especially with the OMe and CN substituents, present the better solvatochromic properties. Incorporation of the six compounds in lipid membranes indicates that all the compounds are deeply located in the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayers, feeling the transition between the rigid gel phase and fluid phases.To the Foundation for the Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for inancial support to the NMR portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho). To the FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to the Research Centres, CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022716)] and CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2011 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022711)], and to the research projects PTDC/QUI/81238/2006 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007467) (photophysical studies) and PTDC/QUI-QUI/111060/2009 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-015603) (organic synthesis)

Patient-physician discordance in assessment of adherence to inhaled controller medication: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts

We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance.(SFRH/BPD/115169/2016) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT); ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029130 ('mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases—generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies') cofunded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic and microenvironmental intra-tumor heterogeneity impacts colorectal cancer evolution and metastatic development

© The Author(s) 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly diverse disease, where different genomic instability pathways shape genetic clonal diversity and tumor microenvironment. Although intra-tumor heterogeneity has been characterized in primary tumors, its origin and consequences in CRC outcome is not fully understood. Therefore, we assessed intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity of a prospective cohort of 136 CRC samples. We demonstrate that CRC diversity is forged by asynchronous forms of molecular alterations, where mutational and chromosomal instability collectively boost CRC genetic and microenvironment intra-tumor heterogeneity. We were able to depict predictor signatures of cancer-related genes that can foresee heterogeneity levels across the different tumor consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) and primary tumor location. Finally, we show that high genetic and microenvironment heterogeneity are associated with lower metastatic potential, whereas late-emerging copy number variations favor metastasis development and polyclonal seeding. This study provides an exhaustive portrait of the interplay between genetic and microenvironment intra-tumor heterogeneity across CMS subtypes, depicting molecular events with predictive value of CRC progression and metastasis development.This work was financed by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB. This research was also funded by: PTDC/MED-ONC/28660/2017 from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) to A.R.G. A.R.G is recipient of Researcher Grant CEECIND/02699/2017 from FCT. The biobanking of CRC samples from Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal was supported by FCT research grant PIC/IC/82821/2007. This work was produced with the support of INCD funded by FCT and FEDER under the project 22153-01/SAICT/2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio