THE HEALTH SCHOOL PROGRAMME: A HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGY IN PRIMARY CARE IN BRAZIL

Introduction: the Health School Programme (HSP) should be understood as a permanent development process. In this context, the actions of a policy aimed at children and adolescentsare paramount in the HSP. Objective: to identify and describe the actions developed by the Family Health Group in the HSP, from the National Programme for ImprovingAccess and Quality of Primary Care (PIPCAQ). Methods: this cross-sectional research used secondary data collected fromthe 17,202 groups who joined PIPCAQ in 2012. Results: all regions showed significant results concerning the execution of school activities. the Northern region was the one that performed most school actions (80.5%), followed by the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast, respectively. However, some items, such as professional training in education and health work need to be streng the ned. Conclusion: HSP in Brazil has mobilised significant actions, even though it has not happened in homogeneously in all Brazilian regions

Meanings of social isolation for young Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has left a high number of infected and dead in the world, where several social measures have been imposed on the population, especially social isolation. Objective: Given this scenario, based on Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, this original article aimed to identify the meanings of social isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic for Brazilian youth. Method: A survey was carried out, with the participation of 571 young Brazilians, women and men aged between 18 and 25, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Method (FWAM), analyzed with the help of IRaMuTeQ. Results: The results showed that virtualized socialization is insufficient for the social demand of young people and that their routine was transformed with the insertion of obligations and leisure primarily in the home environment. Still, young people brought their resignifications in this period, in the face of collective responsibility. Conclusions: It is concluded that isolation brought negative consequences on relationships and mental health of young people, but also a greater social awareness

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Health promotion and reorientation of health services in the city of Fortaleza: hypertension as an analyzer

Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial - HA, doença crônica cujas taxas de morbidade atingem no Brasil aproximadamente 17 milhões de pessoas, é um dos principais fatores de risco para doenças do aparelho circulatório. Sua determinação multifatorial exige a adoção de estratégias de controle complexas, que deem conta dos fatores e condições de risco, o que remete a ações sobre estilo de vida e seus determinantes psicossociais, econômicos e ambientais. Nesse sentido, as práticas da Promoção da Saúde, fundadas em um conceito ampliado de saúde, colocam em pauta, juntamente com as ações de prevenção, a discussão sobre a qualidade de vida, relacionando-a às condições de vida e saúde da população. Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as práticas da Promoção de Saúde e sua utilização para reorientação dos serviços de saúde no município de Fortaleza com foco no controle da Hipertensão Arterial. Metodologia: Estudo de caso, contendo em seu desenho três fases: identificação através de análise documental de políticas, planos e ações no nível nacional, estadual e do município de Fortaleza, além de entrevistas em profundidade com gestores ligados ao controle da HA; aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com coordenadores dos Centros de Saúde do município sobre as estratégias de Promoção da Saúde utilizadas no controle da HA; entrevistas em profundidade com enfermeiros, médicos e agentes comunitários de saúde de algumas destas Unidades. Resultados e discussão: Apesar de o novo modelo ter modificado o padrão de atenção ao município, a visão biomédica centrada na clínica ainda predomina no atendimento dos Centros de Saúde. O controle dos fatores de risco está bastante relacionado a uma responsabilidade do usuário e as ações na maioria das vezes são pontuais, utilizando ainda a orientação prescritiva como maior ferramenta para mudança. A grande demanda por atendimento, assim como questões técnicas e políticas por parte da gestão, tornam esse processo de reorientação do serviço de saúde lento, porém desafiante. Alguns Centros de Saúde conseguem quebrar essa hegemonia biomédica e tendo uma visão mais abrangente de território. Realizam atividades em conjunto com a população e em prol de um fortalecimento da comunidade, fortalecendo o controle da HA, amenizando as desigualdades e iniquidades. Programas complementares, como NASF, Residências, Academia da Comunidade, Bombeiros, entre outros, provenientes de outras áreas do setor saúde ou de outros setores da administração municipal, têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento da iniciativa proposta pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. Conclusão: Apesar das inúmeras dificuldades encontradas foram observados alguns avanços em relação à mudança de paradigma na prestação de serviços de saúde no município de Fortaleza, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população estudadaIntroduction: Hypertension, a chronic disease with a morbidity rate in Brazil of circa 17 million people, is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Its multifactorial determination requires the use of complex multifactor strategies of control, that could deal with the risk conditions and factors, which refers to actions on lifestyle and psychosocial, economic and environmental determinants. In this context, practices of health promotion, embracing a broader concept of health, discuss the quality of life and preventive actions, relating them with life and health conditions of the population. Objectives: Focusing the control of Hypertension, the aim of this thesis is to identify and analyze the health promotion practices and its use in the reorientation of health services in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Methodology: Case study, in three phases: identify, trough documental analysis, policies, plans and actions for the national, state, local (Fortaleza city) hypertension control and in-depth interviews with managers and directors relates to hypertension control; collect data on health promotion strategies used in the hypertension control, through semi-structured questionnaires with Coordinators of City Health Centers; interviews with nurses, doctors and community health agents from some of these Health Care Centers. Results and discussion: Although the new model has modified the City Health Care standards, the biomedical view focusing the clinic still predominates in Health Control Centers. The risk factors control is closely related to individual responsibility and actions in most cases are isolated and not very creative, still using the prescriptive guidance as a major tool for change. The great demand for health care as well as technical issues and management policies make this process of reorienting the health service slow but challenging. Some Health Care Centers are able to break this biomedical hegemonic point-of view and, through a closer and more realistic approach to their environment, carry out community oriented activities, strengthening hypertension control and mitigating inequalities and inequities. Although not well-disseminated, complementary programs, such as NASF, Home Care, Community Gym and Firemen, among others, related to other areas of the health care or other areas of city administration have contributed to the development of the initiative proposed by the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: Despite many difficulties there is a clear progress achieved in the paradigm shift concerning the provision of health services and improvement of life qualit

What is the relative impact of primary health care quality and conditional cash transfer program in child mortality?

ObjectiveEvaluate how coverage and quality of primary health care (PHC) and a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program associate with child mortality in Brazil.MethodsMultivariate linear regression models and least absolute shrinkage and selection estimator (LASSO) were utilized with the municipal level child mortality rate as the key dependent variable. PHC quality with PHC and CCT coverage were the independent variables. The quality of the Brazilian PHC was assessed using the Brazilian National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in PHC data. PHC and CCT coverage were calculated based on Brazilian official databases. Human developmental index (HDI), municipality size, and country region were used as control variables. A total of 3441 municipalities were evaluated.ResultsWe found that ESF&nbsp;(Estratégia Saúde da Família) quality variables PLANNING [Family Health Team Planning activities], CITYSUPPORT [municipality support for Family Health Strategy activities], EXAMS [exams offered and priority groups seen by the family health team], and PRENATAL [prenatal care and exams provided by the family health team], as well as HDI, percentage of PHC coverage, percentage of CCT coverage, and population size have significant and negative relationships with 1-year-old child mortality. LASSO regression results confirmed these associations. Quality is an important element of effective social service provision.ConclusionThis exploration represents one of the first investigations into the role of PHC system quality, and how it is related to health outcomes, while also considering PHC and conditional cash transfer program coverage. Quality of PHC, measured by work process variables, plays an important role in child mortality. Efforts on PHC quality and coverage, as well as on CCT program coverage, are important to child mortality reduction. Therefore, this is an important finding to other PHC public health services

Introdução à Estatística Espacial para a Saúde Pública

O livro pretende ir além dos mapas coropléticos (temáticos), mostrando ao leitor os primeiros passos dos pressupostos estatísticos nas abordagens espaciais. As técnicas estatísticas apresentadas ampliam as análises de modo a permitir a realização de inferências e de testes de hipóteses geradas pelos profissionais de saúde pública para responder questões sobre a distribuição de eventos no seu dia-a-dia. O livro pertence a série: Textos básicos em saúde e Capacitação e atualização em geoprocessamento em saúde (v. 3)