Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Leishmaniasis.: Aspectos de interés sobre un parasitismo exótico para Cuba Leishmaniasis:: Interesting features on exotic parasitism for Cuba

Leishmania es un protozoo parásito causante de la leishmaniasis, enfermedad de variada presentación clínica y de amplia distribución mundial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud la considera una enfermedad re-emergente y no controlada, y sus patrones de transmisión se han visto afectados en los últimos años por la acción humana, entre otros aspectos. El diagnóstico varía de acuerdo con la forma clínica de presentación y actualmente se recomienda la identificación de la especie infectante como elemento de mucha utilidad para indicar un tratamiento adecuado, realizar el monitoreo clínico y como aspecto importante en estudios epidemiológicos, que incluyan el estudio de vectores y/o reservorios. El tratamiento oportuno es, hasta el momento, una de las pocas medidas de control disponibles, ya que a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados, no existe vacuna contra esta afección. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la literatura que incluye aspectos importantes de la leishmaniasis, en el contexto internacional actual.Leishmania is a parasitic protozoon causing Leishmaniasis, disease with a varied clinic presentation and a wide world distribution. WHO considers it as a non-controlled and re-emergent disease and its transmission patterns have been affected in past years by the human action among other features. Its diagnosis change according to the clinical way of presentation and nowadays it is recommended the identification of infectious species like a very useful feature to prescribe a appropriate treatment, to perform the clinical monitoring and the most important in epidemiologic studies including the vector and or reservoirs study. The timely treatment is until now one of the few available control measures since despite the efforts performed there isn't a vaccine against this affection. The aim of present paper is to present a literature review including significant features of Leishmaniasis in the present international context

SHORT COMMUNICATION - Effect of Thiadiazine Derivatives on Intracellular Amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis

Current therapy for leishmaniasis is not satisfactory. We describe the in vitro antiproliferative effects of new thiadiazine derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis. The compounds were found to be active against the amastigote form of the parasite, inhibiting parasite growing, from 10 to 89%, at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. This activity suggests that thiadiazine derivatives could be considered as potential antileishmanial compounds