Certificación de un material de referencia de carne en base a un estudio de colaboración = Certification of a meat reference material based on a collaborative study

Mediante un proyecto de colaboración, se llevaron a cabo estudios de comparación para mejorar la capacidad de mediciónde los laboratorios participantes, apoyándolos en la producción, caracterización y distribución de materiales de referencia delsector agroalimentario. El proyecto fue planteado en cuatro etapas anuales (leche, agua, carne y granos). La tercera etapa enespecífico tuvo el objetivo de cuantificar y certificar el contenido de los parámetros nutrimentales (nitrógeno, grasa, sodio ypotasio) de un lote candidato a Material de Referencia Certificado (MRC) de carne bovina enlatada. Dicho estudio fue realizadoen colaboración entre varios Institutos Nacionales de Metrología (INM) y/o laboratorios colaboradores, los cuales, una vez queidentificaron las posibles causas de variabilidad o de sesgo en las mediciones, así como las oportunidades de mejora, lograronla certificación del material de carne bovina. El MRC fue distribuido entre los participantes para cubrir las necesidades de laindustria alimentaria de productos cárnicos y laboratorios de prueba de sus respectivos países

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] 15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activityS

Development and validation of an image biomarker to identify metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis: MR-MASH score

[Background and Aims] Diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) requires histology. In this study, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score was developed and validated to identify MASH in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Secondarily, a screening strategy for MASH diagnosis was investigated.[Methods] This prospective multicentre study included 317 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD and contemporaneous MRI. The discovery cohort (Spain, Portugal) included 194 patients. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and fibrosis were assessed with the NASH-CRN histologic system. MASH was defined by the presence of steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning, with NAS ≥4 with or without fibrosis. An MRI-based composite biomarker of Proton Density Fat Fraction and waist circumference (MR–MASH score) was developed. Findings were afterwards validated in an independent cohort (United States, Spain) with different MRI protocols.[Results] In the derivation cohort, 51% (n = 99) had MASH. The MR–MASH score identified MASH with an AUC = .88 (95% CI .83–.93) and strongly correlated with NAS (r = .69). The MRI score lower cut-off corresponded to 88% sensitivity with 86% NPV, while the upper cut-off corresponded to 92% specificity with 87% PPV. MR–MASH was validated with an AUC = .86 (95% CI .77–.92), 91% sensitivity (lower cut-off) and 87% specificity (upper cut-off). A two-step screening strategy with sequential MR–MASH examination performed in patients with indeterminate-high FIB-4 or transient elastography showed an 83–84% PPV to identify MASH. The AUC of MR–MASH was significantly higher than that of the FAST score (p < .001).[Conclusions] The MR–MASH score has clinical utility in the identification and management of patients with MASH at risk of progression.David Marti-Aguado (DMA) is the recipient of a Joan Rodés (JR22/00002) and Río Hortega award (CM19/00212), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). He also received an award from the University of Valencia (UV-RI_MID-1528578) to carry out a Doctorate in International Mobility Stay at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Pittsburgh, PA, USA), and a grant Grupo de Investigación Emergente (CIGE/2022/37) from Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain.Peer reviewe

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Perspectivas contemporáneas en psicología

La obra muestra diferentes teorías e investigaciones que brindan al lector una oportunidad para aproximarse a la innovación, investigación y actualización de la disciplina, debido a que expone resultados profundos, pertinentes y relevantes que juegan un papel preponderante en las necesidades, situaciones o problemáticas que afronta diariamente la psicología. Por otro lado, empodera y da estrategias al profesional en ciencias sociales y humanas para que se convierta en un centro crítico y así comprenda aspectos biológicos, psicológicos, sociales y culturales que interactúan en la cognición y el comportamiento del ser humano