Equality in eduaction: an analysis of its evolution in the laws of the spanish educational system and a brief research

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas la búsqueda de la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres es un hecho. En educación concretamente se viene investigando si dicha igualdad convive en la realidad de los centros educativos o sigue siendo un aspecto por mejorar. Este trabajo propone un marco teórico sobre la igualdad de género, la ley de igualdad establecida por el Estado y una evolución de las leyes educativas españolas más importantes desde 1970 hasta la actualidad (buscando en ellas resquicios que muestren la búsqueda de la igualdad). Adicionalmente, la investigación se ha centrado en saber tres aspectos fundamentales del profesorado en materia de igualdad: conocimientos de políticas de igualdad que tienen, su opinión sobre la igualdad de género y sus hábitos docentes en la búsqueda de la igualdad de géneros. Para el estudio se ha realizado una encuesta a 31 docentes de las etapas de Infantil y Primaria.ABSTRACT In last decades, searching for effective equality between women and men is a fact. Specifically, in education it is being investigated if equality coexists in the reality of educative centres or it still being a fundamental aspect to improve. This project proposes a theoretical framework on gender equality, the law of equality established by the State and an evolution of the most important Spanish educational laws from 1979 to the present (looking for remains in them that show the search for equality). Additionally, the research has focused on knowing three fundamental aspects of teachers in terms of equality: knowledge of equality policies that they have, their opinion on gender equality and their teaching habits in the search for gender equality. For the study, a survey was taken to 31 teachers of Pre-school and Primary Education.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Infanti

Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep

The protective immune response generated by a commercial monovalent inactivated vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1) was studied. Five sheep were vaccinated, boost-vaccinated, and then challenged against BTV1 ALG/2006. RT-PCR did not detect viremia at any time during the experiment. Except a temperature increase observed after the initial and boost vaccinations, no clinical signs or lesions were observed. A specific and protective antibody response checked by ELISA was induced after vaccination and boost vaccination. This specific antibody response was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes confirmed by flow cytometry, while significant increases were not observed in T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, and WC1+), CD25+ regulatory cells, or CD14+ monocytes. After challenge with BTV1, the antibody response was much higher than during the boost vaccination period, and it was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes, CD14+ monocytes, CD25+ regulatory cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central Spain

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is known about the sharing of BVDV infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is important for designing eradication campaigns and preventing outbreaks, especially on hunting estates with high animal densities

Innovative Approaches for Organizing an Inclusive Optics and Photonics Conference in Virtual Format

The COVID pandemic is forcing the renewal of scientific conferences, offering opportunities to introduce technological and inclusive developments. Our analysis focuses on the implementation of inclusive practices for female and early-career researchers in a virtual scientific conference. This organization approach was applied in the XIII Spanish Optical Meeting (RNO2021), which was also characterized by avatars interacting in an online metaverse. The effectiveness of inclusive policies and novel technological tools was evaluated using the participation data and a post-conference survey. Our study reveals the high impact of inclusive actions and a strong interest in the scientific community to explore conference advances

Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Leptin are Reduced in Hypertension

Leptin causes vasodilatation both by endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Leptin is synthesized by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The hypothesis of this study is that a decrease of leptin production in PVAT of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) might contribute to a diminished paracrine anticontractile effect of the hormone. We have determined in aorta from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR (i) leptin mRNA and protein levels in PVAT, (ii) the effect of leptin and PVAT on contractile responses, and (iii) leptin-induced relaxation and nitric oxide (NO) production. Leptin mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in PVAT from SHR. Concentration-response curves to angiotensin II were significantly blunted in presence of PVAT as well as by exogenous leptin (10−9 M) only in WKY. This anticontractile effect was endothelium-dependent. Vasodilatation induced by leptin was smaller in SHR than in WKY, and was also endothelium-dependent. Moreover, release of endothelial NO in response to acute leptin was higher in WKY compared to SHR, but completely abolished in the absence of endothelium. In conclusion, the reduced anticontractile effect of PVAT in SHR might be attributed to a reduced PVAT-derived leptin and to an abrogated effect of leptin on endothelial NO release probably due to an impaired activation of endothelial NO synthase

Prognosis assessment of early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Are we ready to predict clinical evolution without a crystal ball?

On behalf ofGrupo Español de Leucemia Linfática Crónica and Grupo Cooperativo Español de Citogenética Hematológica.[Background]: The discovery of new biologic variables with high prognostic effect has been accompanied by the emergence of different prognostic indexes (PIs) to assess the time to first treatment in patients with early-stage (Binet A) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The present study compared the prognostic value of 5 PIs: CLL international prognostic index (CLL-IPI), Barcelona-Brno, international prognostic score-A (IPS-A), CLL-01, and a tailored approach.[Patients and Methods]: We applied the 5 PIs to a cohort of 428 unselected patients with Binet A CLL from a multicenter Spanish database with clinical and biologic information available. The predictive value of the scores was assessed using Harrell’s concordance index (C index) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).[Results]: We found a significant association between time to first treatment and risk subgroups for all 5 PIs used. The most accurate PI was the IPS-A (C-index, 0.72; AUC, 0.76), closely followed by CLL-01 (C-index, 0.69; AUC, 0.70), CLL-IPI (C-index, 0.69; AUC, 0.69), Barcelona-Brno (C-index, 0.67; AUC, 0.69), and the tailored approach (C-index, 0.61 and 0.58; AUC, 0.58 and 0.54).[Conclusions]: The concordance between the PIs was low (44%), suggesting that although all these PIs improve clinical staging and help physicians in routine clinical practice, it will be necessary to harmonize larger cohorts of patients to define the best PI for treatment decision-making in the real world.The present study was supported by the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (grants PI15/01471 and PI18/01500), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Regional Development Fund (Una manera de hacer Europa), Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (grant SA271P18), Proyectos de Investigación del SACYL (grants GRS1847/A/18 and GRS1653/A17), Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso (grant FS/23-2018), Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (grant RD12/0036/0069), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (grant CIBERONC CB16/12/00233), and Synthetic Lethality for Personalized Therapy-based Stratification in Acute Leukemia (grant ERAPERMED2018-275); and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant AC18/00093). M.H.S. holds a Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract (CD19/00222) from the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Regional Development Fund (El Fondo Social Europeo invierte en tu future). A.E.R.V. is supported by a research grant from the Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia. M.Q.Á. is fully supported by the Ayuda predoctoral de la Junta de Castilla y León from the Fondo Social Europeo (PhD scholarship JCYL EDU/529/2017). C.P.C. is a recipient of a PFIS grant (FI19/00191) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofounded by Fondo Social Europeo (El Fondo Social Europeo invierte en tu future).Peer reviewe

Uso de Twitter y la gamificación para fomentar el análisis crítico del conocimiento científico y las vías para su comunicación en estudiantes del Grado de Medicina

El objetivo del proyecto de innovación docente que se presenta fue mejorar la capacidad de análisis crítico del conocimiento científico en el alumnado del Grado de Medicina a través del uso de Twitter. Los estudiantes de la asignatura de Fisiología Humana compartieron a través de Twitter noticias científicas relacionadas con la asignatura. Tras una selección previa, el profesorado publicó un periódico online y los alumnos presentaron una de las noticias publicadas. Se realizó una encuesta online de evaluación del proyecto utilizando escalas de Likert (1-10). Los estudiantes respondieron que el proyecto había aumentado su capacidad de análisis crítico de la investigación biomédica (7,65; ds=1,71) y que la metodología había aumentado su interés por la asignatura (8,05; ds=1,69). La utilización de Twitter combinada con la exposición de noticias científicas resultó útil para mejorar la capacidad de análisis crítico de la evidencia científica biomédica, competencia básica del Grado de Medicina