Introduction

Este documento é uma tradução do livro publicado em português, “Pobreza e Paz nos PALOP”, Sextante Editora (2009), ISBN 978-989-676-007-6As the end result of a multidisciplinary investigation project conducted in Africa, this publication about Poverty and Peace in the Portuguese-speaking African Countries1 has the purpose, on one hand, of presenting the main conclusions of the studies conducted in these countries and, on the other, to provide a collection of guidelines for future research relevant to the comprehension of the combination of both phenomena

Occupational health and safety and older workers: are they in need of a special legal framework?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Novel synthetic routes towards azaindoles, Exploring one-pot metal-catalysed reactions

Azaindoles are heterocyclic compounds scarce in nature, although interesting scaffolds in medicinal chemistry so there is a need of developing sustainable synthetic methods to obtain these cores. To date several methods involving more than one metal-catalysed reaction, like C-N cross-coupling,Heck coupling or the Sonogashira have been developed towards azaindoles. However, these methods require the use of amino-halopyridines as starting materials, which are difficult to prepare. This project aimed to surpass the need of functionalization of aminopyridines conceiving a fast and scalable one-pot methodology towards azaindole synthesis. The first strategy envisaged a well-established reaction in our group, the C-N cross-coupling reaction, to prepare an imine/enamine in situ, followed by a C-H activation / oxidative cyclization reaction catalysed by a metal. The preliminary studies were made using 2,5-dimethylaniline and α-bromo styrene and other synthetized bromides. The indole compound II.2 was isolated in 50% yield, and under the same conditions different aminopyridines and bromides were tested using palladium catalysis in an unprecedented approach for azaindole synthesis. This strategy afforded only one regioisomer, a 4-azaindole (II.4) with a 70% yield and worked only with aminopyridines that possess electro-donating groups. However, this method proved to be limited to few substrates. Thus, an alternative approach was attempted in which the imines/enamines were formed in situ by condensation of an amine with a ketone, followed by C-H activation/oxidative cyclization catalysed by palladium. Preliminary studies were carried with 2,5-dimethylaniline and acetophenone and afforded the corresponding indole II.2 in 51% yield. Next, the same strategy was applied to aminopyridines. The reaction demonstrated to be effective when acetophenones were used. Thus, a variety of 4-azaindoles (14 examples, 13 synthesized in this thesis) were synthesized by this methodology with yields ranging from 24 % up to 96%, possessing electron-withdrawing and electron donating groups. The method developed consists on a simple protocol, a one-pot reaction, involving a C-H activation reaction scarcely explored in the synthesis of this class of compounds

Internacionalização e mobilidade discente, relato de experiência do programa Internacionaliza IFMG

O CONGRESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR – CIES 2019 é um evento in- ternacional, que reúne professores, pesquisadores e estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação para divulgar a produção científica no campo da Internacionalização do Ensino Superior e fortalecer a cooperação internacional entre diferentes instituições de ensino e grupos de pesquisa no âmbito do MERCOSUL. A iniciativa é fruto de uma parceria entre pesquisadores da Universidade Federal da Integra- ção Latino-Americana (UNILA - Brasil), a Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL - Argentina), a Uni- versidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA - Paraguay) e a Universidad de la República (UDeLaR - Uru- guay), que atuam em projetos vinculados ao Setor Educacional do MERCOSUL, no Núcleo de Estudos e Investigações em Educação Superior. O evento será realizado nos dias 4, 5 e 6 de Setembro de 2019 no campus PTI da UNILA, dentro do Parque Tecnológico da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. A UNILA, sede do evento, é uma universidade temática criada em 2010 pelo governo federal do Brasil com a missão institucional de formar recursos humanos aptos a contribuir com a integra- ção latino-americana, com o desenvolvimento regional e com o intercâmbio cultural, científico e educacional da América Latina, especialmente no MERCOSUL. Sua finalidade, portanto, é conver- ter-se em um espaço de encontros, de trocas e de aprendizagem mútua, que reforçam o compro- misso em prol da pertinência, da excelência e da construção sustentável de um mundo melhor.O processo de internacionalização na estrutura acadêmica possibilita grandes impactos nas práticas sociais e pedagógicas. Este fator motiva os estudantes a incrementar seu desempenho acadêmico, além de um crescente interesse pelo aprendizado de línguas. Ademais, a internacionalização também incentiva o capital humano da instituição na melhoria da qualidade das produções acadêmicas, inclusive com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e projetos, e no seu aperfeiçoamento profissional e pessoal. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um relato de experiência acerca da política de internacionalização e as perspectivas de internacionalização no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais – IFMG. O IFMG foi criado em 2008, a partir da sanção da Lei 11.892, que criou os Institutos Federais – IFs no Brasil. Atualmente o IFMG possui 17 Campus em Minas Gerais e oferta ensino nos níveis médio, graduação e pós-graduação. As primeiras experiências de mobilidade internacional discente no IFMG aconteceram por meio do programa Ciências Sem Fronteiras - CsF em 2012. Em 2015, a instituição criou seu próprio programa de mobilidade internacional, com foco em alunos de graduação para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas de iniciação científica em um formato sanduíche com orientação no Brasil e co-orientação no país de acolhida. Desde 2016 foram abertos no IFMG 4 editais, sendo anuais e com recursos institucionais para seleção dos discentes. Os parceiros deste programa no IFMG são instituições conveniadas, por meio dos acordos de cooperação internacional, mediados pela Assessoria de Relações Internacionais do IFMG. Especificamente para o programa em questão priorizou-se parceiros com perfil institucional similar ao IFMG e com menor barreira linguística, assim as experiências aconteceram junto aos Institutos Politécnicos Portugueses. O objeto do trabalho foi o programa de mobilidade acadêmica internacional para discentes de graduação, implementado no IFMG, denominado “Internacionaliza IFMG”, sua operacionalização e por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa apresentou-se os relatos sobre os desdobramentos da experiência internacional na formação e no desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico dos discentes de graduação bolsistas participantes do programa no IFMG. Para tanto, apresentou-se o relato de experiência dos discentes participantes dos editais do programa “Internacionaliza IFMG” de 2016 e 2017.Os dados foram coletados a partir da análise dos relatórios parciais e finais de intercâmbio que cada discente enviou à Assessoria de Relações Internacionais do IFMG. Os relatos foram coletados nas apresentações devolutivas que são organizadas no evento Seminário de Internacionalização sendo obrigatória a apresentação do aluno intercambista no retorno ao IFMG.Núcleo de Estudios e Investigaciones en Educación Superior del Mercosur - NUCLEO Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Educação na América Latina – EducAL/UNILA Instituto Mercosul de Estudos Avançados – IMEA/UNILA Pró-Reitoria de Relações Institucionais e Internacionais – PROINT/UNIL

Data Scarcity or low Representativeness?: What hinders accuracy and precision of spatial interpolation of climate data?

Ponencias, comunicaciones y pósters presentados en el 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science "Connecting a Digital Europe through Location and Place", celebrado en la Universitat Jaume I del 3 al 6 de junio de 2014.Data scarcity is a major scientific challenge for accuracy and precision of spatial interpolation of climatic fields, especially in climatestressed developing countries. Methodologies have been suggested for coping up with data scarcity but data have rarely been checked for their representativeness of corresponding climatic fields. Here, influences of number and representativeness of climate data on accuracy and precision of their spatial interpolation were investigated and compared. Two precipitation and temperature indices were computed for a long time series in Bangladesh, which is a data scarce region. The representativeness was quantified by dispersion in the data and the accuracy and precision of spatial interpolation were computed by four commonly used error statistics derived through cross-validation. The precipitation data showed very little and sometimes null representativeness whereas the temperature data showed very high representativeness of the corresponding fields. Consequently, interpolated precipitation surfaces showed little accuracy and precision whereas temperature surfaces showed high accuracy and precision despite the scarce data. The results indicate that representativeness of climate data, i.e. variability of climate phenomenon, is more crucial than the number of data for accuracy and precision of spatial interpolation and should be treated with higher importance

A geostatistical approach to the seasonal precipitation effect on Boro rice production in Bangladesh

Bhowmik, A. K., & Costa, A. C. (2012). A geostatistical approach to the seasonal precipitation effect on Boro rice production in Bangladesh. International Journal of Geosciences, 3(3), 443-462. DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2012.33048Geographical assessments on the relationship between climate variability and crop production are important for planning adaptation programs to climate change impacts on Asian rice production. This paper analyses the seasonal precipitation consequences to irrigated crop yields, in opposition to the idea that irrigated crop yields are not affected by precipitation changes. Geostatistical methods are applied to assess changes in the patterns of seasonal precipitation and corresponding changes in the Boro crop production in Bangladesh. Surfaces depicting changes in the monsoon, non-monsoon and total precipitation from 2006 to 2007, and changes in three varieties of Boro crop yield and Total Boro yield from 2006-2007 to 2007-2008 crop years are generated through Splines, Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging methods. Performance evaluation of these models is also performed. The relationships between the surfaces of different precipitation seasons and the surfaces of different Boro yield seasons are then assessed. The results show that there is a significant correlation between seasonal precipitation changes and Boro yield changes with notable correlation coefficients and similarity in the patterns. A significant conformity of the high precipitation zones to the high Boro yielding zones is also depicted.publishersversionpublishe

Assessment for Learning in EBE/CLIL : a learning-oriented approach to assessing English language skills and curriculum content at early primary level

Assessment is usually viewed as an inevitable event in teachers' and learners’ lives resulting from an imposition from education systems. However, if done well, assessment can provide learners, teachers and other stakeholders with sound information about learner performance and progress which will ultimately boost learning and feed into school success. This project work discusses ways of assessing both English language and curriculum content at early primary level and aims to provide learning-oriented guidelines and a principled framework for such assessment. It is meant for learners and teachers involved in Early Bilingual Education/Content and Language Integrated Learning at early primary level.A avaliação é comummente vista como um acontecimento inevitável na vida dos alunos e dos professores, resultante de uma imposição dos sistemas de ensino. No entanto, se bem conduzida, a avaliação pode, de forma eficaz, informar alunos, professores e outros atores, sobre o desempenho e o progresso do aluno, o que acabará por promover a aprendizagem e contribuir para o sucesso escolar. O presente trabalho de projeto discute formas de avaliar a língua inglesa e os conteúdos curriculares no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico e tem como objetivo fornecer recomendações orientadas para a aprendizagem, bem como um referencial para essa avaliação. Este trabalho tem como destinatários alunos e professores envolvidos num contexto de ensino bilingue precoce/aprendizagem integrada de conteúdos curriculares e língua no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico

Comparison of spatial interpolators for variability analysis of soil chemical properties in Cuamba (Mozambique)

Costa, A. C., & Bofana, J. D. R. (2017). Comparison of spatial interpolators for variability analysis of soil chemical properties in Cuamba (Mozambique). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(25), 2153-2162. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2016.12415The knowledge of spatial distribution of soil attributes, particularly chemical ones, which is very relevant for agricultural planning. Several studies have focused on spatial interpolation of soil properties, but only a few of them have been undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to analyse the spatial variability of hydrogen potential (pH) and electric conductivity (EC) within an agricultural region in Cuamba district of Mozambique. Efficiency of a deterministic and a stochastic interpolator were compared, namely Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Ordinary kriging, respectively. Soil samples were collected at random locations scattered through the study region, and were later analyzed in water and soil laboratory. These point data were then used to produce interpolated surfaces of soil chemical properties. Efficiency of spatial interpolation methods was assessed based on prediction errors’ statistics derived from cross-validation. Results show that ordinary kriging was less biased and more accurate than IDW at samples’ locations. Hence, maps produced using the former method are a valuable contribution for the spatial characterization of soil quality, according to its chemical properties. Considering the spatial patterns of pH, southeast area is characterized by clayey soils, which has a high fertility potential for food crops.publishersversionpublishe