Selective eating: a nutritional approach

Selective eating is known by food refusal, lack of appetite and interest in food. It is atypical behavior of preschool, but when present in adverse family environments, can perpetuate and remain until adolescence. This paper is a case report of a patient with diagnosis of selective eating that seeks for specialized treatment center for eating disorders at 14 years old. The particularity of this case is the fast and good evolution, possibly due to the desire to treat himself and the support received by the family. The case points out the importance of identifying earlier and correctly cases of selectivity so they will be submitted as soon as possible to professionals specialized in treatment of eating disorders in different developmental stages of childhood and adolescence, resulting in a better prognosis framework.A seletividade alimentar é caracterizada por recusa alimentar, pouco apetite e desinteresse pelo alimento. É um comportamento típico da fase pré-escolar, mas, quando presente em ambientes familiares desfavoráveis, pode acentuar-se e permanecer até a adolescência. Este artigo trata de um relato de caso em que o paciente, com diagnóstico de seletividade alimentar, inicia tratamento em serviço especializado de transtornos alimentares aos 14 anos. A particularidade deste caso é a rápida e boa evolução do quadro, possivelmente decorrente do desejo próprio de se tratar e do apoio recebido pela família. A análise do caso em questão aponta para a importância de identificar os casos de seletividade de forma correta e precoce para que eles sejam encaminhados o quanto antes a profissionais habilitados no tratamento de distúrbios alimentares nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento da infância e adolescência, resultando em melhor prognóstico do quadro.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos AlimentaresUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos AlimentaresSciEL

A MOBILIDADE FUNCIONAL DOS MEMBROS INFERIORES DE HEMIPARÉTICOS CRÔNICOS PODE MELHORAR APÓS 6 MESES DE CIRCUITO DE TREINAMENTO?

O objetivo da reabilitação após um acidente vascular cerebral é melhorar o desempenho funcional de hemiparéticos. A Fisioterapia em Grupo no formato de Circuit Training (FGCT) utiliza exercícios funcionais específicos com foco na repetição e na progressão contínua de exercíciost em um número de estações de trabalho organizadas em um formato de circuito, para melhorar a capacidade funcional. O objetivo de estudo foi avaliar a performance da marcha de hemiparéticos submetidos a seis meses de tratamento no (FGCT). Os hemiparéticos foram avaliados com o teste de caminhada de 10 metros e Time get up test (TUG). Os resultados mostraram esta terapêutica não foi capaz de alterar significativamente o desempenho do motor, no entanto, pode-se inferir que os pacientes tiveram a oportunidade de se beneficiar de exercício e aumentar a sua participação na sociedade melhorando aspectos psicossociais

Eficácia dos Protocolos de Suporte Avançado de Vida no Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar de Parada Cardiorrespiratória: Uma Revisão Integrativa

This article presents an integrative review on the effectiveness of Advanced Life Support (ALS) protocols in the pre-hospital management of cardiac arrest. The research was conducted by analyzing nine studies selected from electronic databases, published between 2018 and 2023. The results indicate that the standardization of ALS practices, according to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, significantly increases the rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. Additionally, continuous education and regular training of healthcare professionals are crucial for the effectiveness of pre-hospital care. Adequate infrastructure and availability of resources are also determinants for the success of ALS interventions. The integration of educational technologies and technological advancements in the training of healthcare professionals proved to be a promising strategy to improve the application of protocols. This study contributes to the field of pre-hospital resuscitation by providing a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing the effectiveness of ALS protocols, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach that combines standardization, continuous education, adequate resources, and technological innovations.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa sobre a eficácia dos protocolos de Suporte Avançado de Vida (SAV) no atendimento pré-hospitalar de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR). A pesquisa foi conduzida através da análise de nove estudos selecionados em bases de dados eletrônicas, publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Os resultados indicam que a padronização das práticas de SAV, conforme as diretrizes da American Heart Association (AHA), aumenta significativamente as taxas de retorno da circulação espontânea (RCE) e a sobrevivência até a alta hospitalar. Além disso, a educação continuada e o treinamento regular dos profissionais de saúde são cruciais para a eficácia do atendimento pré-hospitalar. A infraestrutura adequada e a disponibilidade de recursos também são determinantes para o sucesso das intervenções de SAV. A integração de tecnologias educacionais e avanços tecnológicos na formação dos profissionais de saúde mostrou-se uma estratégia promissora para melhorar a aplicação dos protocolos. Este estudo contribui para o campo da ressuscitação pré-hospitalar ao fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre os fatores que influenciam a eficácia dos protocolos de SAV, destacando a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada que combine padronização, educação contínua recursos adequados e inovações tecnológicas

Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV: uma revisão sistemática: Cognitive changes in HIV infection: a systematic review

Provocada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, numa pessoa tem o seu sistema imunológico prejudicado, tornando-se suscetível a outras doenças e infecção. Tem-se a estimativa de que 50% dos infectados com o referido vírus podem sofrer alterações cognitivas. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre mudanças estruturais cerebrais e comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com HIV. Portanto, trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, desenvolvida a partir da seleção de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e BVS/Medline a partir do uso de descritores DeCS/MeSH e aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após a análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que há uma significativa prevalência de HAND em adultos infectados por HIV, no que se refere a alterações cognitivas, especialmente entre pacientes do sexo feminino, de baixa escolaridade e renda, com diagnóstico tardio e baixa quantidade de linfócitos CD4 no início do tratamento. Entre essas pessoas, revelam-se comprometimentos quanto à memória, atenção, controle de impulsos, velocidade de processamento e motora, dentre outros

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost