A Threat Assessment and Security Analysis of the Three Sports Facilities of Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis NCAA Softball Fields, Carroll Stadium, and the IU Natatorium

This research report provides a security assessment of the Softball Fields, Carroll Stadium, and the Natatorium Complex at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). The purpose of this report is to prevent and mitigate harm to visitors and these facilities which resulting from human-made or natural disasters. Research is guided by the hypothesis that these facilities- due to their respective importance, locations, and attendance patterns are in harm’s way; and that certain strategies of prevention, protection, and mitigation coupled with effective preparedness, response, and recovery can lessen risk, improve security and provide A THREAT ASSESSMENT AND SECURITY ANALYSIS 5 added resilience. Further, “harm’s way” is considered to be either a natural disaster or a human-made disaster, accident, active provocation, or act of terrorism. Methods of analysis include applied research; predominantly utilizing qualitative data with some quantitative investigation. Results of this assessment illustrate that these venues possess numerous vulnerabilities to both natural and human-made threats that if exposed, could result in serious consequences. The two most likely natural hazards identified include straight-line winds and tornadoes. Further, the most likely human threats to these facilities arise from a potential terrorist vehicle attack (TVA) and an active shooter. This project also identifies a specific need for additional planning to prevent an IED or VBIED attack on the Natatorium. Common themes from the attached three case studies reveal that given theses vulnerabilities, the following safety and security adjustments are recommended: Surveillance equipment Metal detectors Security bollards or other temporary barriers Evacuation routes and shelter in place plans Special event security procedures Weather related technology and protocols Staff training for emergency situation

Composición corporal de universitarias que consumen desayunos hipercalóricos con relación a la cena

  Summary: Introduction: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the peripheral clocks regulate the circadian rhythmicity of the enzymatic activity and hormones involved in the energy balance and its alteration affects the increase in caloric reserve. Objective: To associate the hypercaloric intake of dinner with respect to the high-calorie breakfast with the body mass of university students. Material and methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study, final sample of 75 Clinical Nutrition university students, mean age 18±0.63 years. The following was obtained from each individual: weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%BF) and total muscle mass (%MMT), as well as dietary indicators- Statistics: Mean and standard deviation were calculated, in addition obtained the Student's T-test and simple ANOVA, with significance of p < 0.05. Results: The average caloric intake of the day: 1647 ± 385, with a high tendency of refined sugars and saturated fat. The average breakfast time was: 6:30-11:00, lunch: 12:00-15:00 and dinner. 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 85% of university students with %BF > 28 and MMT < 34%, consumed 50±25% of total caloric intake at night compared to breakfast (15±30%), with a significant difference (p<0.05) regardless of the BMI. Conclusions: High-calorie dinners (based on refined sugars and saturated fat) were associated with excess GL and MMT depletion regardless of total caloric intake and BMI.Introducción: El núcleo supraquiasmático (NSQ) y los relojes periféricos regulan la ritmicidad circadiana de la actividad enzimática y hormonas involucradas en el balance energético y su alteración repercute en el aumento de la reserva calórica. Objetivo: Asociar la ingesta hipercalórica de la cena respecto al desayuno alto en calorías con la masa corporal de universitarias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico, muestra final 75 universitarias de Nutrición Clínica, edad promedio 18±0.63 años. De cada individuo se obtuvo: peso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y de masa muscular total (%MMT), así como indicadores dietéticos- Estadística: Se calculó media y desviación estándar, además se obtuvo la Prueba T de Student y ANOVA simple, con significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: La Ingesta calórica promedio del día: 1647± 385, con tendencia alta de azucares refinados y grasa saturada. El horario promedio del desayuno fue:  6:30‐11:00, comidas: 12:00‐15:00 y cenas. 19:00‐22: 00 horas. El 85% de las universitarias con %GC > 28 y MMT < 34%, consumían el 50±25% de la ingesta calórica total por la noche respecto al desayuno (15±30%) habiendo diferencia significativa (p<0.05) independientemente del IMC. Conclusiones: Las cenas altas en calóricas (a base de azúcares refinados y grasa saturada) se asociaron a exceso de GC y depleción de MMT independientemente de la ingesta calórica total y del IMC. &nbsp

Composición corporal de universitarias que consumen desayunos hipercalóricos con relación a la cena

Introducción: El núcleo supraquiasmático (NSQ) y los relojes periféricos regulan la ritmicidad circadiana de la actividad enzimática y hormonas involucradas en el balance energético y su alteración repercute en el aumento de la reserva calórica. Objetivo: Asociar la ingesta hipercalórica de la cena respecto al desayuno alto en calorías con la masa corporal de universitarias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico, muestra final 75 universitarias de Nutrición Clínica, edad promedio 18±0.63 años. De cada individuo se obtuvo: peso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y de masa muscular total (%MMT), así como indicadores dietéticos- Estadística: Se calculó media y desviación estándar, además se obtuvo la Prueba T de Student y ANOVA simple, con significancia de p 28 y MMT < 34%, consumían el 50±25% de la ingesta calórica total por la noche respecto al desayuno (15±30%) habiendo diferencia significativa (p<0.05) independientemente del IMC. Conclusiones: Las cenas altas en calóricas (a base de azúcares refinados y grasa saturada) se asociaron a exceso de GC y depleción de MMT independientemente de la ingesta calórica total y del IMC.

Sperm gatekeeping : 3D imaging reveals a constricted entrance to zebra finch sperm storage tubules

Females across many internally fertilizing taxa store sperm, often in specialized storage organs in their reproductive tracts. In birds, several hundred sperm storage tubules exist in the utero-vaginal junction of the oviduct, and there is growing evidence that sperm storage in these tubules is selective. The mechanisms underlying female sperm storage in birds remain unknown because of our limited ability to make three-dimensional, live observations inside the large, muscular avian oviduct. Here, we describe a new application of fluorescence selective plane illumination microscopy to optically section oviduct tissue from zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata females label free by harnessing tissue autofluorescence. Our data provide the first description of the three-dimensional structure of sperm storage organs in any vertebrate to the best of our knowledge and reveal the presence of gate-like constricted openings that may play a role in sperm selection

Female Chromosome X Mosaicism is Age-Related and Preferentially Affects the Inactivated X Chromosome

To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events 4 2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases

Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome

To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases

Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome

To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events42Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases

Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer

In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases