The WTO from the Perspective of a Developing Country

This Essay starts by laying out the shortcomings of the WTO. In Part II it lays out the issues at stake in the Seattle Conference. Part III is about the effects of the Seattle fiasco. Part IV gives the author\u27s views on what a development round should be. Part V asserts that the WTO should promote fair labor standards. Finally, Part VI discusses the prospects for the WTO to address concerns of developing nations

The WTO from the Perspective of a Developing Country

This Essay starts by laying out the shortcomings of the WTO. In Part II it lays out the issues at stake in the Seattle Conference. Part III is about the effects of the Seattle fiasco. Part IV gives the author\u27s views on what a development round should be. Part V asserts that the WTO should promote fair labor standards. Finally, Part VI discusses the prospects for the WTO to address concerns of developing nations

GRANDE ESTRATÉGIA: POLÍTICA EXTERNA E DEFESA EM UM MUNDO EM TRANSFORMAÇÃO

In the last years of the twentieth century, after the end of the Cold War, the world has evolved into a mixed structure, which preserves the characteristics of unipolarity at the same time that approaches to a multipolar world in some ways. In an international reality marked by its fluid nature, the emergence of new actors and the so-called "asymmetric threats" has not eliminated the former agents in the world order. And the conflict between the States has not disappeared from the horizon. In this context, diplomacy must have the permanent support of defense policy. Therefore, in the Brazilian case, the paper presents that the country should adopt a grand strategy that combines foreign policy and defense policy, in which soft power will be enhanced by hard power.Nos últimos anos do século XX, com o fim da Guerra Fria, o mundo evoluiu para uma estrutura mista, que conserva traços da unipolaridade, mas que, em certos aspectos, se aproxima de um mundo multipolar. Em uma realidade internacional de natureza fluida, a emergência de novos atores e das chamadas “ameaças assimétricas” não eliminou os antigos agentes na ordem mundial, e o conflito entre Estados não desapareceu de todo do horizonte. Nessa conjuntura, a diplomacia deve ter o respaldo permanente da política de defesa. Para tanto, no caso brasileiro, o artigo apresenta que o país deve adotar uma grande estratégia que conjugue política externa e política de defesa, na qual o poder brando (soft power) será reforçado pelo poder robusto (hard power)

A diplomacia multilateral do Brasil : um tributo a Rui Barbosa

UT Librarie

A integração da América do Sul e a Ordem Mundial Pós-Covid 19

Texto de análise para a coluna de opinião

Patent Applications on Representative Sectors of Biotechnology in Brazil: an Analysis of the Last Decade

The present article aims to assess the innovative activity in the Brazilian most representative sector in biotechnology field. The search was conducted through patent applications of residents at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI - Brazil), from 2000 to 2010. This article will also examine the patent applicants' profile and the partnerships among academic institutions and private firms in BrazilThe website of European Patent Office (EPO) patent database - Espacenet was used to conduct the survey, and the search strategy fields selected for the patent applications were: (i) Priority Number: BR (Brazil), and (ii) the International Patent Classification (IPC) - C12N, C07K14, and C07H21/04.The patent applications by Brazilian residents, from 2000 to 2010 in the Espacenet for the classifications adopted indicates a total of 396 patent applications in the most representative sectors in biotechnology over the past 10 years. After the Brazilian Innovation Law there is a growth trend line particularly in the years 2007 and 2008. The universities hold 48% of the patent applications in biotechnology, following by Individuals/ Researchers with 20%, Public Research Centers and Private Firms with 15%, and 11% of the total, respectively

Lawfare e Geopolítica: América Latina em Foco

O presente artigo discorre sobre o fenômeno denominado lawfare em três perspectivas: como judicialização seletiva da política na América Latina; como estratégia geopolítica para desestabilização de governos na região latino-americana e, finalmente, como estratégia de combate à corrupção como discurso unificador que possibilita a ingerência externa.

Presence and significance of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of Portuguese dogs

Background: Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are also able to cause disease in humans. Dogs are a natural reservoir for many of these species. Close and intense human contact with animals has been identified as a risk factor and therefore, an important zoonotic significance has been attributed to NHPH. Methods: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter species and the gastric histopathological changes associated, gastric mucosa samples of 69 dogs were evaluated. Results: Only one dog presented a normal histopathological mucosa with absence of spiral-shaped organisms. A normal gastric mucosa and the presence of spiral-shaped bacteria was observed in two dogs. All remaining animals presented histopathological changes representative of gastritis. Helicobacter species were detected in 60 dogs (87.0%) by at least one detection method. Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations revealed that Helicobacter spp. were present in 45 (65.2%), 52 (75.4%) and 57 (82.6%) dogs, respectively. Spiral-shaped bacteria were detected by qPCR analysis in 33 (47.8%) dogs. H. heilmannii-like organisms were identified in 22 animals (66.7%) and predominantly in the antral gastric region. H. salomonis was the second most prevalent species (51.5%) although it was mainly found in association with other Helicobacter spp. and in the body gastric region. H. bizzozeronii and H. felis were less frequently detected. Conclusions: It was concluded that, despite the high incidence and worldwide distribution of gastric NHPH in dogs, the presence of specific Helicobacter species may vary between geographic regions. NHPH infections were significantly accompanied by mild to moderate intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration and mild to moderate gastric epithelial injury, but a clear relationship between gastritis and Helicobacter infection could not be established