Systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of endurance training and whey protein supplementation on gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX

Aim: Systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX. Materials and methods: To this systematic review was used the concepts of systematic review and meta-analysis proposed by Thomas, Nelson, Silverman (2012), and Berwanger et al., (2007), and the search followed procedures proposed by Navarro and Navarro (2012), and for the criteria of evaluation of the technical and scientific quality of the texts was used the scale proposed by Galna et al., (2009). Results and discursion: From 724 eligible studies, the sample was 4 original articles where we inferred that the models of endurance training adopted in the experiments, are, the following: Jump in liquid environment, motorized treadmill, and, in squatting apparatus for electric stimulation in the base and that in terms of experimental study in relation to the dose of the supplement, the prescribed was recommended by manuals; and about the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX, although had been verified it does not occurred due the endurance training and the Whey Protein supplementation and, therefore, absent. Conclusion: In terms of experimentation, it’s not found studies enough to compose the adequate procedure for a meta-analysis, even after a systematic review about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, protein synthesis and the gene expression of MURF-1, MAFBx of protein degradation in wistar rats

Alteration of food consumption and body mass of whey proteins supplemented rats

Introduction: Whey proteins have received great attention because of their benefits on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction, performance, appetite regulation, immune system regulation, regulation of the lipid profile and the combat against metabolic stress. In this sense, their importance is often overestimated, leading athletes and physical activity individuals to consume very high doses of protein, without the guarantee of additional benefits.  Aim: For 12 weeks quantify the evolution of food intake and total body mass of Wistar rats supplemented with whey proteins with dosages of 2, 4, 6g/kg/day. Materials and methods: Approval protocol of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Maranhão nº 23115.014424 / 2015-54). An experimental research design was adopted with the rats being randomly distributed in 4 groups: Control Group (C), Supplemented groups (W2, W4, W6); the study was performed with 38 male Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with initial age of 60 days and body mass between 218 and 323 grams; supplementation with whey proteins dissolved in water followed the dosages 2, 4 and 6 g / kg / day supplementation was performed for 12 weeks, daily, three times a day, by volume of 5 ml, with an hour interval between each gavage. Variables were tested for distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P> 0.05). The data of the feed consumption were analyzed by the ANOVA test; the classification variable was the interaction between feed consumption or body mass and supplementation (C, W2, W4, W6); the Tukey post-test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups (C, W2, W4, W6), GraphPad Prism 7 software was used. Results: The mean intake of rations in the control group did not present a statistically significant difference in relation to the Whey 4 group at weeks 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) and 5 (p=0,2539). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey 4 group at weeks 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) and at the final week (p=0,0138). Likewise, there was a significant statistical difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey group 6 in the final week (p=0,0048). In the same sense, there was a statistically significant difference in the total body mass increase of the Whey 2 group compared to the Whey 6 group in weeks 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) and in the final week (p=0,0289). Discussion: Diets with high protein content play an important role in satiety due to its involvement with intestinal production of several anorectic hormones, which in turn stimulate the vagus nerve, promoting neuronal stimuli to the solitary tract nucleus, signaling satiety. As a result, the long-term ingestion of a high-protein diet reduces not only food intake, but also body mass and body adiposity in rats. Conclusion: Supplementation with serum whey proteins at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg/day in sedentary animals conferred stability over total body weight and a significant reduction in feed intake over 12 weeks. Supplementation with serum whey proteins at 2 g/kg/day in sedentary animals did not lead to a reduction in the average feed intake and showed a similar effect to the other doses on total body weight

Alteração da massa corporal e do consumo alimentar de ratos suplementados com whey proteins

Introduction: Whey proteins have received great attention because of their benefits on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction, performance, appetite regulation, immune system regulation, regulation of the lipid profile and the combat against metabolic stress. In this sense, their importance is often overestimated, leading athletes and physical activity individuals to consume very high doses of protein, without the guarantee of additional benefits.  Aim: For 12 weeks quantify the evolution of food intake and total body mass of Wistar rats supplemented with whey proteins with dosages of 2, 4, 6g/kg/day. Materials and methods: Approval protocol of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Maranhão nº 23115.014424 / 2015-54). An experimental research design was adopted with the rats being randomly distributed in 4 groups: Control Group (C), Supplemented groups (W2, W4, W6); the study was performed with 38 male Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with initial age of 60 days and body mass between 218 and 323 grams; supplementation with whey proteins dissolved in water followed the dosages 2, 4 and 6 g / kg / day supplementation was performed for 12 weeks, daily, three times a day, by volume of 5 ml, with an hour interval between each gavage. Variables were tested for distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P> 0.05). The data of the feed consumption were analyzed by the ANOVA test; the classification variable was the interaction between feed consumption or body mass and supplementation (C, W2, W4, W6); the Tukey post-test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups (C, W2, W4, W6), GraphPad Prism 7 software was used. Results: The mean intake of rations in the control group did not present a statistically significant difference in relation to the Whey 4 group at weeks 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) and 5 (p=0,2539). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey 4 group at weeks 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) and at the final week (p=0,0138). Likewise, there was a significant statistical difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey group 6 in the final week (p=0,0048). In the same sense, there was a statistically significant difference in the total body mass increase of the Whey 2 group compared to the Whey 6 group in weeks 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) and in the final week (p=0,0289). Discussion: Diets with high protein content play an important role in satiety due to its involvement with intestinal production of several anorectic hormones, which in turn stimulate the vagus nerve, promoting neuronal stimuli to the solitary tract nucleus, signaling satiety. As a result, the long-term ingestion of a high-protein diet reduces not only food intake, but also body mass and body adiposity in rats. Conclusion: Supplementation with serum whey proteins at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg/day in sedentary animals conferred stability over total body weight and a significant reduction in feed intake over 12 weeks. Supplementation with serum whey proteins at 2 g/kg/day in sedentary animals did not lead to a reduction in the average feed intake and showed a similar effect to the other doses on total body weight.Introdução: As whey proteins tem recebido grande atenção por conta de seus benefícios sobre a hipertrofia muscular esquelética, redução de gordura corporal, performance, regulação do apetite, regulação do sistema imunológico, regulação do perfil lipídico e combate ao estresse metabólico. Diante disso, a sua importância muitas vezes é superestimada, levando atletas e indivíduos praticantes de atividades físicas a consumirem doses muito elevadas de proteínas, sem a garantia de benefícios adicionais. Objetivo: Quantificar durante 12 semanas a alteração do consumo de ração e da massa corporal total de ratos wistar suplementados por whey proteins nas doses de 2, 4, 6g/kg/dia. Materiais e Métodos: Protocolo de aprovação da Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais da Universidade Federal do Maranhão nº 23115.014424/2015-54). Foi adotado delineamento de pesquisa experimental com os ratos sendo distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: Grupo Controle (C), Grupos suplementados (W2, W4, W6); o estudo foi realizado com 38 Rattus novergicus machos da linhagem Wistar com idade inicial de 60 dias e massa corporal entre 218 e 323 gramas; a suplementação com whey proteins dissolvidas em água seguiu as dosagens 2, 4 e 6 g/kg/dia a suplementação foi realizada durante 12 semanas, diariamente, três vezes por dia, em volume de 5ml, com uma hora de intervalo entre cada gavagem. As variáveis ​​foram testadas quanto à distribuição utilizando o teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p>0,05). Os dados do consumo de ração, foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA; a variável de classificação foi a interação entre o consumo de ração ou massa corporal e a suplementação (C, W2, W4, W6); o pós-teste de Tukey foi utilizado para determinar as diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos (C, W2, W4, W6), utilizou-se o software GraphPad Prism 7. Resultados: A média de consumo de ração no grupo controle não apresentou diferença estatística significativa em relação ao grupo Whey 4 nas semanas 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) e 5 (p=0,2539). Houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento da massa corporal total do grupo controle em comparação ao grupo Whey 4 nas semanas 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) e na semana final (p=0,0138). Do mesmo modo, houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento da massa corporal total do grupo controle em comparação ao grupo Whey 6 na semana final (p=0,0048). Nesse mesmo sentido, houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento massa corporal total do grupo Whey 2 em comparação ao grupo Whey 6 nas semanas 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) e na semana final (p=0,0289). Discussão: Dietas com altos teores de proteínas desempenham um papel importante no surgimento da saciedade em função do seu envolvimento com a produção a nível intestinal de diversos hormônios anorexígenos que por sua vez estimulam o nervo vago, promovendo estímulos neuronais para o núcleo trato solitário, sinalizando saciedade. Em função disso, a ingestão a longo prazo de uma dieta rica em proteínas diminui não só a ingestão de alimentos, mas também a massa corporal e a adiposidade corporal em ratos. Conclusão: A suplementação com as proteínas do soro do leite nas doses de 4 e 6g/kg/dia em ratos sedentários conferiram estabilidade em relação a massa corporal total e redução significativa do consumo de ração ao longo de 12 semanas. A suplementação com as proteínas do soro do leite na dose de 2g/kg/dia em ratos sedentários não promoveu redução no consumo médio de ração e apresentou efeito semelhante as demais doses sobre a massa corporal total

EFFECT OF A THERMOGENIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST AEROBIC EXERCISE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN

Introduction: The use of food supplements with esthetic or performance-enhancing goals has been largely investigated. Thermogenics are supplements that increase energy expenditure through thermogenesis and are widely consumed by individuals seeking to improve body composition and exercise performance. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a commercially available thermogenic supplement on post-exercise blood pressure responses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven healthy thermogenic supplements users participated in the study. Nine were assigned in the control group (21.67 ± 1.87 years), nine in the thermogenic group (24.00 ± 4.18), and nine in the placebo group (23.67 ± 3.04). The volunteers performed a treadmill aerobic exercise session for 60 minutes at 65 to 85% max heart rate. The hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and during 60 minutes in the post-exercise recovery. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Baseline momentum and post-exercise recovery were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test (group versus time factors), with Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p 5 mmHg, which reportedly plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The use of the thermogenic Lipo 6 Black Ultra Concentre Nutrex ® did not alter PEH in healthy youngsters. However, since an increase in the blood pressure was observed, this supplementation must be administered with caution

Portuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football's physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acupuntura no tratamento da dor e interprofissionalidade: revisão integrativa / Acupuncture in pain management and interprofessionalism: integrative review

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é analisar evidências científicas na literatura sobre o efeito da acupuntura no tratamento da dor, com enfoque na interprofissionalidade. Métodos: Revisão de literatura, incluindo seis artigos indexados em três bases de dados, usando palavras-chaves controladas. Resultados: Os estudos analisados mostraram eficácia da acupuntura no tratamento de dores como cefaleia, dor lombar na gravidez e outras, além da eficiência do trabalho interprofissional no uso de Práticas Integrativas. Conclusão: A acupuntura contribuiu na amenização de dores, mostrando ser uma prática integrativa que, aliada a interprofissionalidade, contribui para a promoção de saúde de forma simples

Correlações entre passes, finalizações, consumo de oxigênio máximo em jogadoras de futsal

Objetivo: correlacionar os passes, finalizações, consumo de oxigênio máximo das jogadoras da equipe feminina de futsal de rendimento. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi de 10 jogadoras de futsal da categoria adulta, com idade em anos de média 26,50 ±4,70, e massa corporal em kg de 54,83 ±8,51. Foram avaliados a capacidade fisiológica durante período de treinamento e habilidades técnicas durante período competitivo em 3 jogos. O consumo de oxigênio máximo foi mensurado através do teste incremental progressivo submáximo. Já as habilidades passes e finalizações por análise de desempenho via vídeo. Resultados e discussão: O consumo de oxigênio médio foi de 51,41 ±3,53 (ml.kg.min). Sendo possível observar correlações fracas e moderadas entre as variáveis habilidades e capacidades; VO2 e passe certo no jogo 1 (p=0,00 e r=0,08); VO2 e passe certo no jogo 2 (p=0,00 e r= -0,06); VO2 e passe certo no jogo 3 (p=0,00 e r=0,32); VO2 e passe errado no jogo 1 (p=0,00 e r= -0,00); VO2 e passe errado no jogo 2 (p=0,00 e r=0,19); VO2 e passe errado no jogo 3 (p= 0,00 e r= 0,49); VO2 e finalização certa no jogo 1 (p=0,00 e r= 0,00); VO2 e finalização certa no jogo 2 (p=0,00 e r=0,38); VO2 e finalização certa no jogo 3 (p=0,00 e r=0,00); VO2 e finalização errada no jogo 1 (p=0,00 e r= 0,13); VO2 e finalização errada no jogo 2 (p=0,00 e r=0,15); VO2 e passe errado no jogo 3 (p=0,00 e r=0,42); os achados dos valores do consumo de oxigênio máximo estão abaixo para jogadores de futsal de alto rendimento. Conclusão: As habilidades técnicas passes e finalizações parecem ser influenciadas pela capacidade fisiológica consumo de oxigênio máximo. Embora as correlações sejam fracas o estudo insere um procedimento de análise no futsal feminino

Análise do sono em jogadoras de rendimento de futsal

Introdução: O futsal apresenta tarefas complexas durante o jogo, exigindo do atleta bom desempenho cognitivo, físico e fisiológico para tomada de decisão, onde os padrões do sono garantem melhorias visto que, está relacionado com a restauração e prontidão para uma boa ação no jogo. Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o padrão de sono das jogadoras da equipe feminina de futsal de rendimento. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra de conveniência de 10 jogadoras de futsal da categoria adulta, com idade média em anos de 26,50 ±4,70 e massa corporal em kg de 54,83 ±8,51; para verificação dos padrões de sono foram utilizados os instrumentos: MEQ-SA para cronotipo, ESS-BR para sonolência excessiva diurna no período de treinamento e PSQI-BR para qualidade subjetiva do sono pós-competição via Google Forms. Resultados: Foi observado correlações entre o cronotipo e sonolência (p=0,00 e r= -0,19), cronotipo e escore de qualidade subjetiva de sono (p=0,00 e r=0,04), sonolência e escore de qualidade de sono (p=0,06 e r=0,19). Discussão: nos achados se observa um padrão de sono ruim, desse modo, cabendo estratégias para uma higiene do sono com finalidade de poder otimizar a performance. Conclusão: As variáveis do sono apresentam, quanto pior qualidade de sono, maior pode ser, a vulnerabilidade de transtorno do sono relacionado a sonolência

nutrition and performance in football

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football?s physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/