Anatomia da artéria pudenda superficial externa: estudo quantitativo

The importance of the superficial external pudendal artery in cases of lower limb obstructive arteriopathies has been established, and a perfect knowledge of its anatomy is desirable for the creation of successful flaps involving it. However, little information is available on the morphometry of this artery. PURPOSE: In this study, we conducted a quantitative investigation of the superficial external pudendal artery as the basis for skin grafts. METHOD: Twenty-five right and left sides of the inguinal region of male cadavers were dissected. After retracting the skin at the inguinal region, the femoral vessels and the sapheno-femoral junction were exposed. The following aspects were then analyzed: 1) the presence of the superficial external pudendal artery, 2) the place of origin of the superficial external pudendal artery and the common trunk, 3) the duplication of the superficial external pudendal artery, 4) the distance from the superficial external pudendal artery or the common trunk to the inguinal ligament, and 5) the diameter of the superficial external pudendal artery. RESULTS: The results were the following: 1) superficial external pudendal arteries were found in 46 of 50 sides (92%); 2) they originated from the femoral artery in 45 cases and from the deep femoral artery in only 1 case; 3) the arteries were found duplicated in 21 cases (46%), as a common trunk in 11 cases (24%), and as a single artery in 14 cases (30%); 4) the distance from the superficial external pudendal artery to the inguinal ligament ranged from 0.8 cm to 8.5 cm; from the common trunk, it ranged from 3.5 cm to 6.7 cm; 5) the diameter of the superficial external pudendal artery ranged from 1.2 mm to 3.8 mm; and 6) the diameter of the common trunk ranged from 1.35 mm to 5.15 mm. CONCLUSION: The results show that the superficial external pudendal artery generally originates from the femoral artery. It was found as a common trunk, duplicated, or as a single artery. There was a great variability in both the diameter of the artery and the distance from the artery to the inguinal ligament. Most of the data showed no significant differences between the right and the left sides.A importância do conhecimento da anatomia da artéria pudenda superficial externa está bem estabelecida e um conhecimento adequado de sua anatomia é desejável para a criação bem sucedida de flaps. Entretanto, são escassos os trabalhos morfométricos sobre esta artéria. OBJETIVO. No presente estudo, foi feita uma análise quantitativa da artéria pudenda superficial externa, como base para enxertos de pele. MÉTODO. Foram dissecadas 25 regiões inguinais direitas e 25 esquerdas de cadáveres do sexo masculino. Após rebater a pele da região inguinal, os vasos femorais, a junção safeno-femoral e a artéria pudenda superficial externa foram expostas. Os seguintes aspectos foram então analisados: 1. Presença da artéria pudenda superficial externa; 2. Local de origem da artéria pudenda superficial externa ou do tronco comum; 3. Duplicação da artéria pudenda superficial externa; 4. Distância da artéria pudenda superficial externa ou do tronco comum ao ligamento inguinal; 5. Diâmetro da artéria pudenda superficial externa. RESULTADOS. Os resultados mostraram que: 1. A artéria pudenda superficial externa foi encontrada em 46 dos 50 lados dissecados (92%); 2. A artéria teve origem na artéria femoral em 45 casos; em um único caso teve origem na artéria femoral profunda; 3. A artéria foi encontrada duplicada, em 21 casos (46%), formando um tronco comum, que depois se bifurcava, em 11 casos (24%) e como uma artéria única 14 vezes (30%); 4. A distância da artéria ao ligamento inguinal variou de 0,8 cm a 8,5 cm; quando sob a forma de tronco comum, esta distância variou de 3,5 cm a 6,7 cm; 5. O diâmetro da artéria pudenda superficial externa variou de 1,36 mm a 5,15 mm. CONCLUSÕES. Os resultados mostram que a artéria pudenda superficial externa origina-se, na grande maioria dos casos, da artéria femoral. Foi encontrada como um tronco comum, duplicada ou como uma artéria única. O diâmetro da artéria mostrou grande variabilidade assim como a distância da artéria ao ligamento inguinal. A maioria dos dados não mostrou diferença significante entre os lados direito e esquerdo

Spin angular momentum transfer from TEM00 focused Gaussian beams to negative refractive index spherical particles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)We investigate optical torques over absorbent negative refractive index spherical scatterers under the influence of linear and circularly polarized TEM00 focused Gaussian beams, in the framework of the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory with the integral localized approximation. The fundamental differences between optical torques due to spin angular momentum transfer in positive and negative refractive index optical trapping are outlined, revealing the effect of the Mie scattering coefficients in one of the most fundamental properties in optical trapping systems. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America2823542363Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CePOF, Optics and Photonics Research Center [2005/51689-2]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2009/54494-9]CePOF, Optics and Photonics Research Center [2005/51689-2

Diffraction-attenuation resistant beams: their higher-order versions and finite-aperture generations

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Recently, a method for obtaining diffraction-attenuation resistant beams in absorbing media has been developed in terms of suitable superposition of ideal zero-order Bessel beams. In this work, we show that such beams keep their resistance to diffraction and absorption even when generated by finite apertures. Moreover, we shall extend the original method to allow a higher control over the transverse intensity profile of the beams. Although the method is developed for scalar fields, it can be applied to paraxial vector wave fields, as well. These new beams have many potential applications, such as in free-space optics, medical apparatus, remote sensing, and optical tweezers. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America493058615869Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2005/51689-2, 2009/54494-9

Liderazgo y el comportamiento organizacional en la Institución Educativa Politécnica Nacional del Callao - 2013

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre liderazgo y comportamiento organizacional en la Institución Educativa Politécnico Nacional del Callao - 2013 El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo correlacional. La población de estudio consistió en 100 maestros y la muestra consistió en toda la población. los el muestreo no probabilístico fue censo. Los instrumentos fueron dos cuestionarios, uno para el liderazgo y otro comportamiento organizacional, ambos validados por expertos juicio e índice de confiabilidad medido utilizando Alpha de Cronbach. Los datos fueron analizado usando la prueba de Spearman. Los resultados permitieron probar la hipótesis, es decir, hay una gran cantidad directa relación entre el liderazgo y el comportamiento organizacional en la educación Institución Politécnica Nacional del Callao - 2013, donde encontró un Spearman rho r = 0,877 y una significancia de p = 0,000

First and second order optimality conditions for optimal control problems of state constrained integral equations

This paper deals with optimal control problems of integral equations, with initial-final and running state constraints. The order of a running state constraint is defined in the setting of integral dynamics, and we work here with constraints of arbitrary high orders. First and second-order necessary conditions of optimality are obtained, as well as second-order sufficient conditions

Warehouse management model integrating BPM-Lean Warehousing to increase order fulfillment in SME distribution companies

In many cases, warehouse logistics in the distribution SMEs usually do not have a standardization, structure, and methodology for the reception, storage, and dispatch. Most of the flows within the warehouse tend to occur over time, but there is no feedback or a choice of logistics tools to make it more efficient. This lack of tools causes problems such as a non-existent flow of information, a lack of warehouse organization, inventory control, and a non-existent work protocol. These problems cause the customer satisfaction index to shallow since mishaps usually occur during order delivery. The general objective of this research is to increase the indicator of complete orders, so the root causes of the problem are identified and quantified. After that, a model based on implementing Lean Warehousing tools such as multi-criteria ABC, 5S, Kardex and work standardization, and BPM methodology was also applied. Subsequently, the model's reliability was guaranteed using a simulation through Arena software and a pilot test. Finally, the model increased the indicator of orders entirely delivered by 12%. Likewise, as a secondary consequence, other indicators were increased: inventory record accuracy, location registration accuracy, coverage, cycle time, and productivity by 16%, 32%, 57%, 3%, and 24%, respectively

Fertility-Sparing Treatment for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer ≥ 2 cm: A Problem with a Thousand Nuances—A Systematic Review of Oncological Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Fertility-sparing treatments (FSTs) have played a crucial role in the management of early-stage cervical cancer (ECC). The guidelines have recognized various approaches, depending on the tumor stage and other risk factors such as histotype and lymphovascular positivity. Much more debate has centered around the boundary within which these treatments should be considered. Indeed, these are methods to be reserved for ECC, but tumor size may represent the most significant limitation. In particular, there is no consensus on the strategy to be adopted in the case of ECC ≥ 2 cm. Therefore, this systematic review was to collect the literature evidence regarding the management of these patients. METHODS: Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched the Pubmed and Scopus databases was conducted in April 2022, from the date of the first publication. We made no limitation on the country. We included all studies containing data on disease-free survival, overall survival, recurrence rate (RR), or complete response rate (CRR) to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 691 patients were analyzed regarding FST. Surgery-based FST showed an RR of between 0 and 42.9%, which drops to 12.9% after excluding the vaginal or minimally invasive approaches. Furthermore, papers regarding FST based on the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) approach showed a CRR of between 21.4 and 84.5%, and an RR of between 0 and 22.2% CONCLUSION: This paper focused on the significant heterogeneity present in the clinical management of FST of ECC ≥ 2 cm. Nevertheless, from an oncological point of view, approaches limited to the minimally invasive or vaginal techniques showed the highest RR. Vice versa, the lack of standardization of NACT schemes and the wealth of confounders to be attributed to the histological features of the tumor make it difficult, if not impossible, to set a standard of treatment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-022-12436-w