El carácter de la especialización olivarera en el sur de España (1750-1930). Ecología, campesinado e historia

Olive tree represents today the major tree concentration in Europe. Its great expansion started at 19th Century caused by liberal agrarian reforms and, traditionally, has been associated with agrarian modernization in Mediterranean basin due to the growing integration of its production in domestic and foreign markets. This paper seeks to review the causes and the origins its expansion introducing new methods derived form environmental history and social history. We study local case studies which historical sources allow us to profound in this subject with more detail than at aggregate scale, starting at 1750 (when olive land was scarce) and finishing at 1930 (once consummated the firs great expansion known as “golden age”). The main findings show the causes of the weak specialization before 19th Century; the multifunctional character of traditional olive production; how its expansion was also determined by ecological particularities of this crop and by its function on substitute deficit products like woodfire or animal feed; and, finally, how small farming was behind its expansion using olive orchards like a peasant productive strategy

«Cuántos siglos de aceituna». El carácter de la expansión olivarera en el sur de España (1750-1900).

El olivar andaluz representa hoy en día la mayor concentración arbórea de toda Europa. Su gran expansión se inició en el siglo XIX al socaire de las reformas agrarias liberales y tradicionalmente se ha asociado con la modernización agraria en el Mediterráneo en la medida en la que su producción se integró en los mercados nacionales y exteriores. Este trabajo propone una revisión de las causas y los orígenes de su expansión introduciendo nuevos métodos de estudio propios de la historia ambiental y la historia social. Utilizaremos casos de estudio locales cuyas fuentes nos permiten profundizar en esta cuestión con más detalle que a escala agregada, empezando en 1750 (cuando la superficie de olivar era escasa) y terminando en 1930 (una vez consumada la primera gran expansión conocida como «edad de oro»). Los principales resultados señalan las causas de la débil especialización anterior al XIX; el carácter multifuncional de la producción olivarera tradicional; que su expansión también estuvo determinada por las particularidades ecológicas de este cultivo y por la función que cumplió para sustituir productos deficitarios como la leña o el forraje; y, finalmente, que la pequeña propiedad estuvo detrás de su expansión haciendo de su aprovechamiento una estrategia productiva campesina.Andalusian olive plantations currently represent the greatest concentration of trees in Europe. Large‐scale expansion began in the 19th century thanks to liberal agrarian reforms and is traditionally associated with agrarian modernisation in the Mediterranean basin, due to its increasing integration into domestic and foreign markets. In this paper, new methods derived from environmental and social history will be introduced to review the causes and origins of this expansion. The use of local case studies from 1750 (when olive plantations were scarce) to 1930 (the end of the ‘golden age’, or first great expansion period) will make it possible to examine the issues in greater depth and detail than an aggregate study. Main findings include the causes of weak specialisation prior to the 19th century; the multifunctionality of traditional olive production; how expansion was also determined by the ecological particularities of this crop and its use as a substitute for scarce products such as firewood or animal feed; and how expansion was driven by small‐scale farming as a productive strategy for the peasantry

A new knowledge sourcing framework to support knowledge-based engineering development

New trends in Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) highlight the need for decoupling the automation aspect from the knowledge management side of KBE. In this direction, some authors argue that KBE is capable of effectively capturing, retaining and reusing engineering knowledge. However, there are some limitations associated with some aspects of KBE that present a barrier to deliver the knowledge sourcing process requested by the industry. To overcome some of these limitations this research proposes a new methodology for efficient knowledge capture and effective management of the complete knowledge life cycle. Current knowledge capture procedures represent one of the main constraints limiting the wide use of KBE in the industry. This is due to the extraction of knowledge from experts in high cost knowledge capture sessions. To reduce the amount of time required from experts to extract relevant knowledge, this research uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques capable of generating new knowledge from company assets. Moreover the research reported here proposes the integration of AI methods and experts increasing as a result the accuracy of the predictions and the reliability of using advanced reasoning tools. The proposed knowledge sourcing framework integrates two features: (i) use of advanced data mining tools and expert knowledge to create new knowledge from raw data, (ii) adoption of a well-established and reliable methodology to systematically capture, transfer and reuse engineering knowledge. The methodology proposed in this research is validated through the development and implementation of two case studies aiming at the optimisation of wing design concepts. The results obtained in both use cases proved the extended KBE capability for fast and effective knowledge sourcing. This evidence was provided by the experts working in the development of each of the case studies through the implementation of structured quantitative and qualitative analyses

Diferencias y analogías formales y estilísticas entre las crónicas musicales de "El País" Y "The Financial Times"

Este artículo recoge los resultados de un análisis piloto de las crónicas musicales publicadas en los diarios 'El País' y 'The Financial Times' con la intención de determinar de manera preliminar cuáles son los rasgos principales de estas piezas y las diferencias fundamentales de estilo y estructura que existen entre los textos publicados en ambos diarios.G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua

Estudio de los rasgos lingüísticos y estructurales de la crónica musical en la prensa diaria. Una propuesta de análisis

Con la pretensión de esclarecer la falta de conocimientos que existe en torno a las crónicas musicales que se publican en prensa diaria, este artículo propone un modelo de análisis formal y de contenido de estos textos basado en las particularidades del género, teniendo en cuenta el nivel de interpretación que los caracterizan. Este modelo de análisis permitirá realizar posteriormente un estudio de las crónicas musicales publicadas en el diario El País durante los años 1989, 1999 y 2009, con la intención de que los resultados permitan establecer la evolución del género en las últimas tres décadas.G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua

Device-to-Device Communication and Multihop Transmission for Future Cellular Networks

The next generation wireless networks i.e. 5G aim to provide multi-Gbps data traffic, in order to satisfy the increasing demand for high-definition video, among other high data rate services, as well as the exponential growth in mobile subscribers. To achieve this dramatic increase in data rates, current research is focused on improving the capacity of current 4G network standards, based on Long Term Evolution (LTE), before radical changes are exploited which could include acquiring additional/new spectrum. The LTE network has a reuse factor of one; hence neighbouring cells/sectors use the same spectrum, therefore making the cell edge users vulnerable to inter-cell interference. In addition, wireless transmission is commonly hindered by fading and pathloss. In this direction, this thesis focuses on improving the performance of cell edge users in LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks by initially implementing a new Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) algorithm to mitigate cell edge user interference. Subsequently Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is investigated as the enabling technology for maximising Resource Block (RB) utilisation in current 4G and emerging 5G networks. It is demonstrated that the application, as an extension to the above, of novel power control algorithms, to reduce the required D2D TX power, and multihop transmission for relaying D2D traffic, can further enhance network performance. To be able to develop the aforementioned technologies and evaluate the performance of new algorithms in emerging network scenarios, a beyond-the-state-of-the-art LTE system-level simulator (SLS) was implemented. The new simulator includes Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna functionalities, comprehensive channel models (such as Wireless World initiative New Radio II i.e. WINNER II) and adaptive modulation and coding schemes to accurately emulate the LTE and LTE-A network standards. Additionally, a novel interference modelling scheme using the ‘wrap around’ technique was proposed and implemented that maintained the topology of flat surfaced maps, allowing for use with cell planning tools while obtaining accurate and timely results in the SLS compared to the few existing platforms. For the proposed CoMP algorithm, the adaptive beamforming technique was employed to reduce interference on the cell edge UEs by applying Coordinated Scheduling (CoSH) between cooperating cells. Simulation results show up to 2-fold improvement in terms of throughput, and also shows SINR gain for the cell edge UEs in the cooperating cells. Furthermore, D2D communication underlaying the LTE network (and future generation of wireless networks) was investigated. The technology exploits the proximity of users in a network to achieve higher data rates with maximum RB utilisation (as the technology reuses the cellular RB simultaneously), while taking some load off the Evolved Node B (eNB) i.e. by direct communication between User Equipment (UE). Simulation results show that the proximity and transmission power of D2D transmission yields high performance gains for a D2D receiver, which was demonstrated to be better than that of cellular UEs with better channel conditions or in close proximity to the eNB in the network. The impact of interference from the simultaneous transmission however impedes the achievable data rates of cellular UEs in the network, especially at the cell edge. Thus, a power control algorithm was proposed to mitigate the impact of interference in the hybrid network (network consisting of both cellular and D2D UEs). It was implemented by setting a minimum SINR threshold so that the cellular UEs achieve a minimum performance, and equally a maximum SINR threshold to establish fairness for the D2D transmission as well. Simulation results show an increase in the cell edge throughput and notable improvement in the overall SINR distribution of UEs in the hybrid network. Additionally, multihop transmission for D2D UEs was investigated in the hybrid network: traditionally, the scheme is implemented to relay cellular traffic in a homogenous network. Contrary to most current studies where D2D UEs are employed to relay cellular traffic, the use of idle nodes to relay D2D traffic was implemented uniquely in this thesis. Simulation results show improvement in D2D receiver throughput with multihop transmission, which was significantly better than that of the same UEs performance with equivalent distance between the D2D pair when using single hop transmission

Juan Padrón: una dimensió humana en el cinema d'animació

Abstract not availabl

El carácter de la especialización olivarera en el sur de España (1750-1930). Ecología, campesinado e historia

Olive tree represents today the major tree concentration in Europe. Its great expansion started at 19th Century caused by liberal agrarian reforms and, traditionally, has been associated with agrarian modernization in Mediterranean basin due to the growing integration of its production in domestic and foreign markets. This paper seeks to review the causes and the origins its expansion introducing new methods derived form environmental history and social history. We study local case studies which historical sources allow us to profound in this subject with more detail than at aggregate scale, starting at 1750 (when olive land was scarce) and finishing at 1930 (once consummated the firs great expansion known as “golden age”). The main findings show the causes of the weak specialization before 19th Century; the multifunctional character of traditional olive production; how its expansion was also determined by ecological particularities of this crop and by its function on substitute deficit products like woodfire or animal feed; and, finally, how small farming was behind its expansion using olive orchards like a peasant productive strategy.history of the olive tree, environmental history, agricultural history, agrarian specialization, peasantry