11 research outputs found

    Spectroscopie optique de nanocristaux uniques de perovskite pour la nanophotonique quantique

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    Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) in their nanocrystal (NC) form have recently emerged as efficient quantum light emitters despite their low-temperature colloidal synthesis and the structural lability of the perovskite lattice. This has led to an intense debate about the nature of the excitonic states at the origin of the emission of photons. In particular, the nature of the band-edge exciton states and the bright or dark character of the lowest energy exciton state remain open questions. While symmetry arguments predict a lowest-lying dark exciton state, it was hypothesised that the combination of strong-spin orbit and structural instability should lead to a Rashba effect which places the bright exciton state below the dark exciton, in contrast with all other established materials. This work is a detailed study, both in the spectral and time domain, of single CsPbBr3 NCs. To do so, experimental platforms for the synthesis and optical characterisation at the singe object level were put in place by the author both at NTU and LPENS. Thanks to detailed spectral analysis of the emission, the full spectral fingerprint of single CsPbBr3 NCs, comprised of a bright triplet exciton, trion and biexciton each with its own set of optical phonon replica, is revealed across a wide range of NCs sizes from ∌7 nm to ∌20 nm. The fast emission of single CsPbBr3 NCs at the lowest cryogenic temperatures is investigated in detail and put in perspective with the decay times across LHPs. In addition, in light of the debate about the exciton fine structure ordering in CsPbBr3, we report on experiments to probe the dark exciton state via both magneto-optical and temperature-dependent photoluminescence decay measurements. While these measurements do not directly evidence a spectral fingerprint for the dark exciton, they enable us to gain insight into the population redistribution mechanisms at play in setting the populations of the exciton fine structure states. Thus, thanks to a combination of spectral and temporal analysis of the emission of single CsPbBr3 NCs, critical information about the band-edge exciton fine structure is obtained. This work should help the community refine theoretical models and converge towards an accurate description of the band-edge exciton of these fledgling materials, thus helping to shed light onto the oustanding properties of LHPs.Les nanocristaux de pĂ©rovskite, synthĂ©tisĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois en 2015, ont rĂ©cemment Ă©mergĂ© comme des Ă©metteurs quantiques efficaces malgrĂ© leur synthĂšse colloĂŻdale Ă  basse tempĂ©rature et le caractĂšre labile de la structure pĂ©rovskite. Ces propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©tonnantes ont donnĂ© lieu ces derniĂšres annĂ©es Ă  un dĂ©bat intense au sujet de la nature des Ă©tats excitoniques Ă  l’origine de l’émission de photons. En particulier, la nature de l’exciton proche de la bande interdite et le caractĂšre brillant ou sombre de l’exciton de plus basse Ă©nergie restent des questions ouvertes. Alors que les arguments de symĂ©trie prĂ©disent un exciton sombre comme premier Ă©tat excitĂ©, la combinaison d’un important couplage spin-orbite Ă  l’instabilitĂ© de la structure pĂ©rovskite et de potentielles brisures de symĂ©trie d’inversion pourrait donner lieu Ă  un effet Rashba qui rendrait le premier Ă©tat excitĂ© brillant, Ă  contrario de tous les semiconducteurs connus. Dans ce cadre, ce travail est une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale dĂ©taillĂ©e, dans le domaine spectral et temporel, de nanocristaux individuels de CsPbBr3 Ă  tempĂ©rature cryogĂ©nique. Pour ce faire, des plateformes expĂ©rimentales dĂ©diĂ©es Ă  la synthĂšse et la caractĂ©risation optique Ă  l’échelle de l’objet unique ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place par l’auteur Ă  NTU et au LPENS. Nos mesures spectrales dĂ©taillĂ©es rĂ©vĂšlent la complexitĂ© de l’empreinte spectrale des nanocristaux de CsPbBr3 composĂ©e de l’exciton brillant, du trion et du biexciton chacun accompagnĂ© par des rĂ©pliques phonons, ainsi que sa dĂ©pendance en taille de nanocristaux. Le dĂ©clin de l’émission est examinĂ© dans le cas de CsPbBr3 et comparĂ© aux dĂ©clins observĂ©s dans les pĂ©rovskites en gĂ©nĂ©ral. De plus, compte tenu du dĂ©bat sur l’ordre des Ă©tats de la structure fine de l’exciton, nous avons menĂ© des expĂ©riences de magnĂ©to-optique ainsi que de dĂ©clin en fonction de la tempĂ©rature visant Ă  sonder l’exciton sombre via son interaction avec l’exciton brillant. Bien que nos expĂ©riences n’aient pas rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© de signature spectrale de l’exciton sombre, elles permettent une comprĂ©hension approfondie des mĂ©canismes de redistribution de population en jeu dans la structure fine de l’exciton. Ainsi, grĂące Ă  la combinaison d’études spectrales et temporelles de l’émission de nanocristaux de CsPbBr3, nous apportons des informations critiques sur l’exciton proche de la bande interdite. Ce travail devrait aider la communautĂ© Ă  raffiner les modĂšles thĂ©oriques et, ce faisant, converger vers une description rĂ©aliste de l’exciton dans ces matĂ©riaux naissants qui permettra finalement d’élucider l’origine des remarquables propriĂ©tĂ©s des nanocristaux de pĂ©rovskite

    Spectroscopie optique de nanocristaux uniques de perovskite pour la nanophotonique quantique

    No full text
    Les nanocristaux de pĂ©rovskite, synthĂ©tisĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois en 2015, ont rĂ©cemment Ă©mergĂ© comme des Ă©metteurs quantiques efficaces malgrĂ© leur synthĂšse colloĂŻdale Ă  basse tempĂ©rature et le caractĂšre labile de la structure pĂ©rovskite. Ces propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©tonnantes ont donnĂ© lieu ces derniĂšres annĂ©es Ă  un dĂ©bat intense au sujet de la nature des Ă©tats excitoniques Ă  l’origine de l’émission de photons. En particulier, la nature de l’exciton proche de la bande interdite et le caractĂšre brillant ou sombre de l’exciton de plus basse Ă©nergie restent des questions ouvertes. Alors que les arguments de symĂ©trie prĂ©disent un exciton sombre comme premier Ă©tat excitĂ©, la combinaison d’un important couplage spin-orbite Ă  l’instabilitĂ© de la structure pĂ©rovskite et de potentielles brisures de symĂ©trie d’inversion pourrait donner lieu Ă  un effet Rashba qui rendrait le premier Ă©tat excitĂ© brillant, Ă  contrario de tous les semiconducteurs connus. Dans ce cadre, ce travail est une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale dĂ©taillĂ©e, dans le domaine spectral et temporel, de nanocristaux individuels de CsPbBr3 Ă  tempĂ©rature cryogĂ©nique. Pour ce faire, des plateformes expĂ©rimentales dĂ©diĂ©es Ă  la synthĂšse et la caractĂ©risation optique Ă  l’échelle de l’objet unique ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place par l’auteur Ă  NTU et au LPENS. Nos mesures spectrales dĂ©taillĂ©es rĂ©vĂšlent la complexitĂ© de l’empreinte spectrale des nanocristaux de CsPbBr3 composĂ©e de l’exciton brillant, du trion et du biexciton chacun accompagnĂ© par des rĂ©pliques phonons, ainsi que sa dĂ©pendance en taille de nanocristaux. Le dĂ©clin de l’émission est examinĂ© dans le cas de CsPbBr3 et comparĂ© aux dĂ©clins observĂ©s dans les pĂ©rovskites en gĂ©nĂ©ral. De plus, compte tenu du dĂ©bat sur l’ordre des Ă©tats de la structure fine de l’exciton, nous avons menĂ© des expĂ©riences de magnĂ©to-optique ainsi que de dĂ©clin en fonction de la tempĂ©rature visant Ă  sonder l’exciton sombre via son interaction avec l’exciton brillant. Bien que nos expĂ©riences n’aient pas rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© de signature spectrale de l’exciton sombre, elles permettent une comprĂ©hension approfondie des mĂ©canismes de redistribution de population en jeu dans la structure fine de l’exciton. Ainsi, grĂące Ă  la combinaison d’études spectrales et temporelles de l’émission de nanocristaux de CsPbBr3, nous apportons des informations critiques sur l’exciton proche de la bande interdite. Ce travail devrait aider la communautĂ© Ă  raffiner les modĂšles thĂ©oriques et, ce faisant, converger vers une description rĂ©aliste de l’exciton dans ces matĂ©riaux naissants qui permettra finalement d’élucider l’origine des remarquables propriĂ©tĂ©s des nanocristaux de pĂ©rovskite.Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) in their nanocrystal (NC) form have recently emerged as efficient quantum light emitters despite their low-temperature colloidal synthesis and the structural lability of the perovskite lattice. This has led to an intense debate about the nature of the excitonic states at the origin of the emission of photons. In particular, the nature of the band-edge exciton states and the bright or dark character of the lowest energy exciton state remain open questions. While symmetry arguments predict a lowest-lying dark exciton state, it was hypothesised that the combination of strong-spin orbit and structural instability should lead to a Rashba effect which places the bright exciton state below the dark exciton, in contrast with all other established materials. This work is a detailed study, both in the spectral and time domain, of single CsPbBr3 NCs. To do so, experimental platforms for the synthesis and optical characterisation at the singe object level were put in place by the author both at NTU and LPENS. Thanks to detailed spectral analysis of the emission, the full spectral fingerprint of single CsPbBr3 NCs, comprised of a bright triplet exciton, trion and biexciton each with its own set of optical phonon replica, is revealed across a wide range of NCs sizes from ∌7 nm to ∌20 nm. The fast emission of single CsPbBr3 NCs at the lowest cryogenic temperatures is investigated in detail and put in perspective with the decay times across LHPs. In addition, in light of the debate about the exciton fine structure ordering in CsPbBr3, we report on experiments to probe the dark exciton state via both magneto-optical and temperature-dependent photoluminescence decay measurements. While these measurements do not directly evidence a spectral fingerprint for the dark exciton, they enable us to gain insight into the population redistribution mechanisms at play in setting the populations of the exciton fine structure states. Thus, thanks to a combination of spectral and temporal analysis of the emission of single CsPbBr3 NCs, critical information about the band-edge exciton fine structure is obtained. This work should help the community refine theoretical models and converge towards an accurate description of the band-edge exciton of these fledgling materials, thus helping to shed light onto the oustanding properties of LHPs

    Preliminary report of mosquitoes survey at Tonga Lake (North-East Algeria)

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    peer reviewedBackground: Mosquitoes are transmitters of several human diseases including, malaria, filariasis, West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus. To planified and succeful any mosquito vector control, a good understanding of the occurrence of specific important vector species, their abundance and distribution are needed. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the mosquito potential vectors distributed throughout Tonga Lake region, a part of National Park of El-Kala situated in northeastern Algeria and to discuss the epidemiological importance of these insects. Results: Thirteen species representing five genera were identified: Ae. brelandi, Ae. vexans, An. plumbeus, An. labranchiae, Cx. pipiens s. l., Cx. perexiguus, Cx. theileri, Cx. pusillus, Cx. modestus, Cx. impudicus, Cs. longiareolata, Cs. annulata, Ur. unguiculata. The dominant species was Cx. pipiens s. l. with more than 70%. Conclusion: The occurrence of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex is suggestive of the presence of a risk for vector-borne diseases such as malaria, West Nile fever, Rift Valley Fever and filariasis in the area. In this study, results on species diversity may help in the future planning of vector control measures

    Stabilization of nano-structured ZnO particles onto the surface of cotton fibers using different surfactants and their antimicrobial activity

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    International audienceZnO NPs were prepared and deposited onto cotton fibers via ultrasound irradiation successfully. Different surfactants (SDS, HY, CTAB,TX-100) have been used to stabilize, homogenize the coated ZnO NPs and control their shape and size as encapsulated species. The use of surfactants has improved the durability of ZnO NPs and decreased its leaching in particular SDS. The small mean crystallite size for ZnO particles due to the use of surfactants is the main reason for decreasing the leached of ZnO particles from cotton substrate. SEM and XRD analysis revealed information about the shape and size of the coated ZnO nanopaticles. The use of SDS and HY surfactants in the synthesis of ZnO NPs coated fabrics showed the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities against different pathogenic bacterial and fungal species with high reduction reached over 90%

    Superlocalization of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes at Cryogenic Temperature

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    International audienceAt cryogenic temperature and at the single emitter level, the optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes depart drastically from that of a one-dimensional (1D) object. In fact, the (usually unintentional) localization of excitons in local potential wells leads to nearly 0D behaviors such as photon antibunching, spectral diffusion, inhomogeneous broadening, etc. Here, we present an hyperspectral imaging of this exciton self-localization effect at the single nanotube level using a super-resolved optical microscopy approach. We report on the statistical distribution of the traps localization, depth and width. We use a quasi-resonant photoluminescence excitation approach to probe the confined quantum states. Numerical simulations of the quantum states and exciton diffusion show that the excitonic states are deeply modified by the interface disorder inducing a remarkable discretization of the excitonic absorption spectrum and a quenching of the free 1D exciton absorption

    Optical spectroscopy of single colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoplatelets

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    Optically bright lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of different morphologies ranging from nanocubes to flat nanoplatelets to elongated nanowires have been reported. The morphology of the nanocrystals is expected to affect various properties such as the band edge energy and the electron-hole exchange interaction. However, aside from nanocubes, the investigation of optical properties in the lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of different morphologies at the single emitter level has been lacking. We have performed optical spectroscopy in single CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets and observed single photon emission without blinking. Furthermore, the photoluminescence emission exhibits excitonic fine structure peaks similar to what has been previously observed in nanocubes. Our work stimulates further investigations into the excitonic and quantum optics properties when the lateral size and morphology can be further controlled in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Accepted versio

    Les services culturels récréatifs et éducatifs des zones humides en Méditerranée : des services sous-estimés malgré les avantages qu'ils procurent, résultats d'études en Méditerranée

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    Cette synthĂšse donne un aperçu des principaux rĂ©sultats et analyses des Ă©tudes conduites en France et au Maghreb entre 2012 et 2014 sur les services culturels rĂ©crĂ©atifs et Ă©ducatifs que procurent les zones humides mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes. L'Observatoire des zones humides mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes (OZHM), gĂ©rĂ© par la Tour du Valat dans le cadre de l'initiative mĂ©diterranĂ©enne de Ramsar (MedWet), en a coordonnĂ© le travail. En partenariat avec l'Institut Agronomique MĂ©diterranĂ©en de Montpellier (IAMM), la synthĂšse des neuf sites Ă©tudiĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2015, ce qui a permis une premiĂšre analyse rĂ©gionale et sous-rĂ©gionale. Ce travail a aussi pour vocation d'Ă©tablir un premier Ă©tat de rĂ©fĂ©rence qualitatif utile pour les suivis ultĂ©rieurs. Ce travail n'aurait pas pu ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© sans la participation active des gestionnaires et associations des neufs sites Ă©tudiĂ©s et des institutions publiques qui ont facilitĂ© le travail: la Direction gĂ©nĂ©rale des ForĂȘts en AlgĂ©rie et en Tunisie et le Haut Commissariat des Eaux et ForĂȘts et de la Lutte contre la DĂ©sertification au Maroc
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