SLIC Based Digital Image Enlargement

Low resolution image enhancement is a classical computer vision problem. Selecting the best method to reconstruct an image to a higher resolution with the limited data available in the low-resolution image is quite a challenge. A major drawback from the existing enlargement techniques is the introduction of color bleeding while interpolating pixels over the edges that separate distinct colors in an image. The color bleeding causes to accentuate the edges with new colors as a result of blending multiple colors over adjacent regions. This paper proposes a novel approach to mitigate the color bleeding by segmenting the homogeneous color regions of the image using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) and applying a higher order interpolation technique separately on the isolated segments. The interpolation at the boundaries of each of the isolated segments is handled by using a morphological operation. The approach is evaluated by comparing against several frequently used image enlargement methods such as bilinear and bicubic interpolation by means of Peak Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) value. The results obtained exhibit that the proposed method outperforms the baseline methods by means of PSNR and also mitigates the color bleeding at the edges which improves the overall appearance.Comment: 6 page

Understanding the nucleation mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes in catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition

The nucleation of carbon caps on small nickel clusters is studied using a tight binding model coupled to grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. It takes place in a well defined carbon chemical potential range, when a critical concentration of surface carbon atoms is reached. The solubility of carbon in the outermost Ni layers, that depends on the initial, crystalline or disordered, state of the catalyst and on the thermodynamic conditions, is therefore a key quantity to control the nucleation

Importance of carbon solubility and wetting properties of nickel nanoparticles for single wall nanotube growth

Optimized growth of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes requires a full knowledge of the actual state of the catalyst nanoparticle and its interface with the tube. Using Tight Binding based atomistic computer simulations, we calculate carbon adsorption isotherms on nanoparticles of nickel, a typical catalyst, and show that carbon solubility increases for smaller nanoparticles that are either molten or surface molten under experimental conditions. Increasing carbon content favors the dewetting of Ni nanoparticles with respect to sp2 carbon walls, a necessary property to limit catalyst encapsulation and deactivation. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of the growth of tube embryos show that wetting properties of the nanoparticles, controlled by carbon solubility, are of fundamental importance to enable the growth, shedding a new light on the growth mechanisms

Etude comparative des scores d'implication des salariés syndiqués et non syndiqués en France

Etude comparative des scores d’implication des salariés syndiqués et non syndiqués en France

Interaction of carbon clusters with Ni(100) : Application to the nucleation of carbon nanotubes

In order to understand the first stages of the nucleation of carbon nanotubes in catalytic processes, we present a tight-binding Monte Carlo study of the stability and cohesive mechanisms of different carbon structures deposited on nickel (100) surfaces. Depending on the geometry, we obtain contrasted results. On the one hand, the analysis of the local energy distributions of flat carbon sheets, demonstrate that dangling bonds remain unsaturated in spite of the presence of the metallic catalyst. Their adhesion results from the energy gain of the surface Ni atoms located below the carbon nanostructure. On the other hand, carbon caps are stabilized by the presence of carbon atoms occupying the hollow sites of the fcc nickel structure suggesting the saturation of the dangling bonds

A simple thermodynamical witness showing universality of macroscopic entanglement

We show that if the ground state entanglement exceeds the total entropy of a given system, then this system is in an entangled state. This is a universal entanglement witness that applies to any physical system and yields a temperature below which we are certain to find some entanglement. Our witness is then applied to generic bosonic and fermionic many body systems to derive the corresponding "critical" temperatures that have a very broad validity.Comment: 3 pages, Torun conference, June 25-28, 200

Cosmological Systematics Beyond Nuisance Parameters : Form Filling Functions

In the absence of any compelling physical model, cosmological systematics are often misrepresented as statistical effects and the approach of marginalising over extra nuisance systematic parameters is used to gauge the effect of the systematic. In this article we argue that such an approach is risky at best since the key choice of function can have a large effect on the resultant cosmological errors. As an alternative we present a functional form filling technique in which an unknown, residual, systematic is treated as such. Since the underlying function is unknown we evaluate the effect of every functional form allowed by the information available (either a hard boundary or some data). Using a simple toy model we introduce the formalism of functional form filling. We show that parameter errors can be dramatically affected by the choice of function in the case of marginalising over a systematic, but that in contrast the functional form filling approach is independent of the choice of basis set. We then apply the technique to cosmic shear shape measurement systematics and show that a shear calibration bias of |m(z)|< 0.001(1+z)^0.7 is required for a future all-sky photometric survey to yield unbiased cosmological parameter constraints to percent accuracy. A module associated with the work in this paper is available through the open source iCosmo code available at http://www.icosmo.org .Comment: 24 pages, 18 figures, accepted to MNRA

Cosmic shear requirements on the wavelength-dependence of telescope point spread functions

Cosmic shear requires high precision measurement of galaxy shapes in the presence of the observational Point Spread Function (PSF) that smears out the image. The PSF must therefore be known for each galaxy to a high accuracy. However, for several reasons, the PSF is usually wavelength dependent, therefore the differences between the spectral energy distribution of the observed objects introduces further complexity. In this paper we investigate the effect of the wavelength-dependence of the PSF, focusing on instruments in which the PSF size is dominated by the diffraction-limit of the telescope and which use broad-band filters for shape measurement. We first calculate biases on cosmological parameter estimation from cosmic shear when the stellar PSF is used uncorrected. Using realistic galaxy and star spectral energy distributions and populations and a simple three-component circular PSF we find that the colour-dependence must be taken into account for the next generation of telescopes. We then consider two different methods for removing the effect (i) the use of stars of the same colour as the galaxies and (ii) estimation of the galaxy spectral energy distribution using multiple colours and using a telescope model for the PSF. We find that both of these methods correct the effect to levels below the tolerances required for per-cent level measurements of dark energy parameters. Comparison of the two methods favours the template-fitting method because its efficiency is less dependent on galaxy redshift than the broad-band colour method and takes full advantage of deeper photometry.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in MNRA

Imaging the symmetry breaking of molecular orbitals in carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interest for their unique electronic properties. They are fascinating candidates for fundamental studies of one dimensional materials as well as for future molecular electronics applications. The molecular orbitals of nanotubes are of particular importance as they govern the transport properties and the chemical reactivity of the system. Here we show for the first time a complete experimental investigation of molecular orbitals of single wall carbon nanotubes using atomically resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Local conductance measurements show spectacular carbon-carbon bond asymmetry at the Van Hove singularities for both semiconducting and metallic tubes, demonstrating the symmetry breaking of molecular orbitals in nanotubes. Whatever the tube, only two types of complementary orbitals are alternatively observed. An analytical tight-binding model describing the interference patterns of ? orbitals confirmed by ab initio calculations, perfectly reproduces the experimental results

Cosmological systematics beyond nuisance parameters: form-filling functions

In the absence of any compelling physical model, cosmological systematics are often misrepresented as statistical effects and the approach of marginalizing over extra nuisance systematic parameters is used to gauge the effect of the systematic. In this article, we argue that such an approach is risky at best since the key choice of function can have a large effect on the resultant cosmological errors. As an alternative we present a functional form-filling technique in which an unknown, residual, systematic is treated as such. Since the underlying function is unknown, we evaluate the effect of every functional form allowed by the information available (either a hard boundary or some data). Using a simple toy model, we introduce the formalism of functional form filling. We show that parameter errors can be dramatically affected by the choice of function in the case of marginalizing over a systematic, but that in contrast the functional form-filling approach is independent of the choice of basis set. We then apply the technique to cosmic shear shape measurement systematics and show that a shear calibration bias of |m(z)| ≲ 10−3 (1 +z)0.7 is required for a future all-sky photometric survey to yield unbiased cosmological parameter constraints to per cent accuracy. A module associated with the work in this paper is available through the open source icosmo code available at http://www.icosmo.or