Selection of elephant grass genotypes for resistance to spittlebug

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) quanto à resistência à cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Mahanarva spectabilis). Para avaliação da antibiose, aos trinta dias após o plantio, cada planta foi infestada com seis ovos próximos à eclosão, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 30 genótipos e dez repetições. Quarenta e cinco dias após a eclosão das ninfas, avaliou-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência do inseto-praga nos diferentes genótipos. Para avaliação da não-preferência, foram quantificados, quinzenalmente, o número e tamanho de ninfas por vaso, em plantas mantidas em casa de vegetação, onde adultos de M. spectabilis eram periodicamente liberados, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por genótipo, em dois períodos de amostragem. Os genótipos Cameroon de Piracicaba, Pioneiro, Cuba 169, Santa Rita, Mineiro Ipeaco, Mercker Comum de Pinda e CNPGL 96-27-3 foram selecionados quanto à resistência, pelo mecanismo de antibiose. O número e o tamanho médio das ninfas variaram significativamente em razão do genótipo de capim-elefante, no estudo da não-preferência. Os genótipos Roxo de Botucatu e Pioneiro são candidatos à testemunha suscetível e resistente, respectivamente, pelo mecanismo de antibiose, e os genótipos Cameroon e Cameroon Piracicaba são promissores pelo mecanismo de não-preferência.The objective of this work was to evaluate genotypes of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) regarding resistance to the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis. For antibiosis evaluation, each plant was infested with six eggs near hatching, thirty days after planting, in a completely randomized design with 30 genotypes and ten repetitions. Forty-five days after the nymphs hatched, the insect survival rate was evaluated on the different genotypes. For nonpreference mechanism evaluation, the size and number of the nymphs per pot were assessed every 15 days, in plants kept at greenhouse, where adults of M. spectabilis were periodically released, in a completely randomized design, with three repetitions per genotype in two sampling periods. Cameroon de Piracicaba, Pioneiro, Cuba 169, Santa Rita, Mineiro Ipeaco, Mercker Comum de Pinda and CNPGL 96-27-3 genotypes were selected for resistance, by antibiosis mechanism. In the study of the nonpreference mechanism, the number and average size of the nymphs varied significantly as a function of the elephant grass genotype. Roxo de Botucatu and Pioneiro genotypes are, respectively, susceptible and resistant check candidates by the antibiosis mechanism, and Cameroon and Cameroon Piracicaba genotypes are promising by the nonpreference mechanism

CSF glial markers are elevated in a subset of patients with genetic frontotemporal dementia

Background: Neuroinflammation has been shown to be an important pathophysiological disease mechanism in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This includes activation of microglia, a process that can be measured in life through assaying different glia-derived biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. However, only a few studies so far have taken place in FTD, and even fewer focusing on the genetic forms of FTD. Methods: We investigated the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of TREM2, YKL-40 and chitotriosidase using immunoassays in 183 participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) study: 49 C9orf72 (36 presymptomatic, 13 symptomatic), 49 GRN (37 presymptomatic, 12 symptomatic) and 23 MAPT (16 presymptomatic, 7 symptomatic) mutation carriers and 62 mutation-negative controls. Concentrations were compared between groups using a linear regression model adjusting for age and sex, with 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals. Concentrations in each group were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score using non-parametric partial correlations adjusting for age. Age-adjusted z-scores were also created for the concentration of markers in each participant, investigating how many had a value above the 95th percentile of controls. Results: Only chitotriosidase in symptomatic GRN mutation carriers had a concentration significantly higher than controls. No group had higher TREM2 or YKL-40 concentrations than controls after adjusting for age and sex. There was a significant negative correlation of chitotriosidase concentration with MMSE in presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers. In the symptomatic groups, for TREM2 31% of C9orf72, 25% of GRN, and 14% of MAPT mutation carriers had a concentration above the 95th percentile of controls. For YKL-40 this was 8% C9orf72, 8% GRN and 0% MAPT mutation carriers, whilst for chitotriosidase it was 23% C9orf72, 50% GRN, and 29% MAPT mutation carriers. Conclusions: Although chitotriosidase concentrations in GRN mutation carriers were the only significantly raised glia-derived biomarker as a group, a subset of mutation carriers in all three groups, particularly for chitotriosidase and TREM2, had elevated concentrations. Further work is required to understand the variability in concentrations and the extent of neuroinflammation across the genetic forms of FTD. However, the current findings suggest limited utility of these measures in forthcoming trials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CSF glial markers are elevated in a subset of patients with genetic frontotemporal dementia

Background: Neuroinflammation has been shown to be an important pathophysiological disease mechanism in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This includes activation of microglia, a process that can be measured in life through assaying different glia-derived biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. However, only a few studies so far have taken place in FTD, and even fewer focusing on the genetic forms of FTD. Methods: We investigated the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of TREM2, YKL-40 and chitotriosidase using immunoassays in 183 participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) study: 49 C9orf72 (36 presymptomatic, 13 symptomatic), 49 GRN (37 presymptomatic, 12 symptomatic) and 23 MAPT (16 presymptomatic, 7 symptomatic) mutation carriers and 62 mutation-negative controls. Concentrations were compared between groups using a linear regression model adjusting for age and sex, with 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals. Concentrations in each group were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score using non-parametric partial correlations adjusting for age. Age-adjusted z-scores were also created for the concentration of markers in each participant, investigating how many had a value above the 95th percentile of controls. Results: Only chitotriosidase in symptomatic GRN mutation carriers had a concentration significantly higher than controls. No group had higher TREM2 or YKL-40 concentrations than controls after adjusting for age and sex. There was a significant negative correlation of chitotriosidase concentration with MMSE in presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers. In the symptomatic groups, for TREM2 31% of C9orf72, 25% of GRN, and 14% of MAPT mutation carriers had a concentration above the 95th percentile of controls. For YKL-40 this was 8% C9orf72, 8% GRN and 0% MAPT mutation carriers, whilst for chitotriosidase it was 23% C9orf72, 50% GRN, and 29% MAPT mutation carriers. Conclusions: Although chitotriosidase concentrations in GRN mutation carriers were the only significantly raised glia-derived biomarker as a group, a subset of mutation carriers in all three groups, particularly for chitotriosidase and TREM2, had elevated concentrations. Further work is required to understand the variability in concentrations and the extent of neuroinflammation across the genetic forms of FTD. However, the current findings suggest limited utility of these measures in forthcoming trials

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Impact of photoperiod on the biology of Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

A espécie Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), conhecida como cigarrinhadas-raízes, é reportada como praga nas regiões produtoras de cana do país. Para que estratégias e táticas de manejo sejam alcançadas, o estudo da fotofase sobre a biologia destes cercopídeos torna-se imprescindível. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho: (1) determinar o efeito de diferentes fotofases sobre os imaturos e adultos deste inseto; e (2) obter tabela de vida de fertilidade em condições oscilantes de temperatura e umidade relativa (27 ± 7°C, 90 ± 10%) e controladas de fotofase, em cultivares de cana-de- açúcar RB739735. Para a fase ninfal, o menor comprimento do dia (12 h), foi responsável por promover o maior período de desenvolvimento. Independentemente do número de horas-luz, em que ninfas foram submetidas, o ciclo ninfal destas foi sempre superior ao dos machos. Similarmente para a longevidade das fêmeas, mesmo resultado foi registrado, entretanto, para a longevidade média total, esta foi significativamente maior no regime de luz 13:00/13:00. A razão sexual foi semelhante em todas as fotofases estudadas. Quanto ao ciclo médio total, ninfas + adultos que permaneceram no tratamento 12:00/13:00, tiveram seu desenvolvimento total ampliado. A fecundidade foi o único parâmetro não afetado pelas diferentes condições de luminosidade. A melhor condição fotoperiódica para a produção de ovos normais foi o regime de luz 13:00/12:00; quanto à média de ovos diapáusicos, não foram registradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos testados, o mesmo ocorrendo para os tipos de ovos inviáveis. Quando submeteu- se ninfas e adultos, respectivamente, a 12:00L/13:00L, 13:00L/12:00L, 12:00L/12:00L e 13:00L/13:00L, os valores obtidos para a taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) foram de 1,94; 2,29; 1,95 e 1,17; a taxa finita (λ) foi de 1,017; 1,020; 1,020 e 1,008. Para a taxa intrínseca de aumento (rm) registraram-se valores de 0,017; 0,020; 0,017 e 0,008 e para o intervalo médio entre gerações (T) de 39,99; 40,22; 40,43 e 39,26; sendo o tempo necessário para a população duplicar em número de indivíduos (TD) de 40,77; 34,66; 40,77 e 91,00 dias.The species Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), known as the spittlebug roots, is reported as a pest in sugarcane-producing regions of the country. What strategies and tactics of management are achieved, the study of photoperiod on the biology of these cercopids becomes essential. Thus, the aim of this work: (1) determine the effect of different photophases on immature and adults of this insect, and (2) get the life table of fertility in fluctuating conditions of temperature and relative humidity (27 ± 7 ° C 90 ± 10%) and controlled photoperiod, in cultivars of cane sugar RB739735. For the phases, the shorter day length (12 h), was responsible for promoting the development period. Regardless of the number of sunny hours, in which nymphs were submitted, the cycle of these nymphs was always higher than that of males. Similarly for the longevity of females, same result was obtained, however, for a total longevity, this was significantly higher in the light regime 13:00 / 13:00. The sex ratio was similar in all photophases studied. The average total cycle, nymphs + adults who remained on treatment 12:00 / 13:00, had extended their overall development. The fecundity was the only parameter not affected by different lighting conditions. The best photoperiodic condition for the production of eggs was the normal light regime 13:00 / 12:00; the average number of diapausing eggs, there was no significant difference between the treatments tested, the same happened to the types of inviable eggs. When underwent nymphs and adults, respectively, 12:00 L/13: 00L, 13:00 L/12: 00L, 12:00 L/12: 13:00 L/13 and 00L: 00L, the values obtained for the net rate reproduction (R0) were 1.94, 2.29, 1.95 and 1.17, the finite rate (λ) was 1.017, 1.020, 1.020 and 1.008. For the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) reported values of 0.017, 0.020, 0.017 and 0.008 and the average interval between generations (T) 39.99, 40.22, 40.43 and 39.26, and the time required for the population to double in number of individuals (TD) of 40.77, 34.66, 40.77 and 91.00 days.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Potencial de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) no controle de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B em tomateiro = Potential of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) at B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) nymphs control in tomato plants

Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) no controle de ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biótipo B em tomateiro. Foram colocados 96 vasos com uma planta, isenta de mosca-branca, em gaiolas mantidas em casa de vegetação. Em seguida, cada planta foi infestada por 100 adultos do aleirodídeo por 24 horas. No primeiro e oitavo dias após a eclosão das ninfas, liberou-se uma, cinco e dez larvas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstares de C. externa nos tomateiros infestados, exceto nas testemunhas. A contagem das ninfas que escaparam à predação foi efetuada no 11o dia após a eclosão da presa. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com oito repetições. As larvas de C. externa, liberadas no primeiro dia apósa eclosão das ninfas de mosca-branca, foram eficientes na redução da população da presa quando foi utilizado 10 larvas por planta, assegurando cerca de 50% de controle da praga. Quando o predador foi liberado oito dias após a eclosão das ninfas, nas densidades de cincoe dez larvas de C. externa por planta, verificou-se redução na densidade populacional da praga próxima a 40%. Assim, a liberação de larvas de C. externa em tomateiros individualizados em gaiolas denota ser eficiente no controle de B. tabaci biótipo B.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) in controlling nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889), biotype B, in tomato plants. Ninety-six pots, each with one whiteflyfree plant, were placed in cages at greenhouse and each plant was infested with 100 adult whiteflies for 24 hours. In the first and eighth days after nymph eclosion, infested plants were inoculated with one, five and ten larvae of the first, second and third C. externa instars, excepting the control plants. The number of nymphs that escaped predation was counted on the eleventh day after prey eclosion. Totally casualized delineation was used, with 3 x 4factorial scheme and eight repetitions. The C. externa larvae released in the first day after whitefly nymph eclosion were most efficient in reducing prey population at 10 larvae per plant, ensuring roughly 50% pest control. When released on the eight day after nymph eclosion, at densities of five and ten C. externa larvae per plant, a pest density reduction of approximately 40% was observed. Therefore, releasing C. externa larvae on tomato plantskept individually in cages is efficient to control B-biotype B. tabaci

A ATUAÇÃO DO ESCRITÓRIO MODELO CACTUS NAS CASAS DE FARINHA DE PRINCESA ISABEL-PB

Este artigo relata a experiência obtida a partir da realização do projeto “Escritório Modelo CACTUS” desenvolvido no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba Campus Princesa Isabel, entre setembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. O projeto foi contemplado com taxa de bancada e bolsas para aluno através do Edital de Prestação de Serviço PROEXC Nº 15, de 21 de julho de 2020. O objetivo principal do projeto consistiu em promover a autonomia profissional aos alunos para capacitá-los a desenvolver soluções tecnológicas para as demandas locais, integrando os saberes teórico e prático em busca do desenvolvimento sustentável da região. A metodologia de trabalho envolveu planejamento e elaboração de projetos arquitetônicos e ações relacionadas à adequação das Casas de Farinha, localizadas na Zona Rural de Princesa Isabel. Cumpre ressaltar que, diante das limitações impostas pelo trabalho remoto, algumas atividades previstas tiveram que ser adaptadas. Contudo, mesmo diante das dificuldades encontradas, a partir da realização de reuniões, orientações, oficinas e eventos online foi possível não apenas alcançar boa parte das metas especificadas no projeto, como ir além na divulgação do trabalho desenvolvido de forma coletiva e interdisciplinar pela equipe do Núcleo de Extensão CACTUS.