Actuaciones administrativas en el marco del derecho administrativo global. Estudio de casos.

El Derecho administrativo global ha surgido en nuestro medio como una posición jurídica que permite entender las distintas formas de administración global y los impactos generados por estas. Desde la óptica de construcción del mismo, planteamos una lectura paralela de la teoría clásica del surgimiento del Derecho administrativo y la olvidada teoría de la Administración Pública, como punto de partida, ya que no es posible asumir el estudio de esta amplia y difusa disciplina jurídica, desconociendo la esencia real de su existencia, ahora ampliada al espacio supraestatal. Es en este momento cuando debemos preferir la integralidad del mismo, incluyendo una novedosa y necesaria lectura, producto de las dinámicas que plantean actores externos a los propios estados, lo que permite la inserción de una visión más allá de lo nacional recogida en el Global Administrative Law –GAL-, el que está llamado a responder a varias de las preguntas actuales sobre la legitimidad o legalidad de un sin número de actuaciones o acciones que se presentan por parte de las instituciones, organizaciones o entidades de múltiple naturaleza jurídica, dentro de un esquema conceptual fundado en la gobernanza global, cuyo campo de acción lo encuentra en un único espacio administrativo-jurídico global. Así las cosas, tenemos que situar la aparición del GAL, analizar sus fundamentos, conceptos y principios con las teorías norteamericanas e italianas, sin dejar de lado las apreciaciones que emiten algunos pensadores y doctrinantes al respecto. Por último, escogimos dos casos de transcendencia local y global, sobre los cuales vertimos las teorías estudiadas para, en uno de ellos arribar a una conclusión diferente a la conocida en nuestro medio, y con el otro, elaborar un esquema novedoso de análisis desde la interpretación global de actuación. Finalmente comprendemos que esta postura, aún en construcción, debe nutrirse a partir de la interdisciplinariedad académica para ser llevada a la práctica del ejercicio del DerechoThe Global Administrative Law has emerged in our environment as a legal position that allows us to understand the different forms of global administration and the impacts generated by them. From the construction perspective of the same, we propose a parallel reading of the classical theory of the emergence of administrative law and the forgotten theory of public administration, as a starting point, which is impossible to examine this information and diffuse, ignoring the essence real of its existence, now extended to the supra-state space. It is at this moment when we should prefer the integrality of the same, including a novel and reading test, the product of the dynamics posed by actors external to the states themselves, which allows the insertion of a vision beyond the national recovery in the administrative world Law -GAL-, which is called to answer several questions about the legitimacy or legality of a number of actions or actions that are presented by institutions, organizations or entities of multiple legal nature, within a well-founded conceptual scheme in global governance, whose field of action is found in a single global administrative-legal space. So, we have to situate the appearance of the LAG, analyze its foundations, concepts and principles with the American and Italian theories, without neglecting the assessments made by some thinkers and doctrinants about it. Finally we chose two cases of local and global transcendence, on which the vertices studied the theories, in one of them to arrive at a conclusion different from the one known in our environment, and with the other, to elaborate a novel scheme of analysis of the global issue of action. Finally, we understand that this position, even in construction, must be nourished by academic interdisciplinarity in order to be taken to the practice of law practic

Discrecionalidad administrativa vs. portales virtuales en contratación estatal

El tema de investigación es uso de la discrecionalidad administrativa en las plataformas virtuales de contratación estatal y sus efectos frente a la producción de daño antijurídico y la responsabilidad estatal. Existen entidades públicas que ejercen potestades administrativas amparadas en las facultades discrecionales y como consecuencia de ello, generando riesgos de vulneración de principios orientadores de la contratación estatal, produciendo sentencias condenatorias al Estado y adicionalmente, procesos de responsabilidad disciplinaria. Entonces, la finalidad del proyecto es indagar sobre el ejercicio de la potestad discrecional administrativa en lo relacionado al uso de los portales SECOP I, SECOP II y tienda virtual por los periodos 2020, 2021 y 2022. desde la gestión contractual ante la administración. Lo anterior en aras de crear propuestas de solución que permitan prevenir eventuales daños antijurídicos por el uso inadecuado de los portales virtuales de la contratación estatal. El proyecto de investigación generará beneficios a las entidades públicas del Estado colombiano que estén obligadas a utilizar los portales virtuales de contratación estatal, debido a que les permitirá evidenciar mayor seguridad jurídica en las decisiones administrativas que resulten fundamentadas por la discrecionalidad administrativa desde el uso de los portales virtuales de contratación estatal.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de Derecho -- DerechoN/

Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof Factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses

[EN] DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development but their precise roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here we report a group of five tomato DOF genes, homologous to Arabidopsis Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs), that function as transcriptional regulators involved in responses to drought and salt stress and flowering-time control in a gene-specific manner. SlCDF15 are nuclear proteins that display specific binding with different affinities to canonical DNA target sequences and present diverse transcriptional activation capacities in vivo. SlCDF15 genes exhibited distinct diurnal expression patterns and were differentially induced in response to osmotic, salt, heat, and low-temperature stresses. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SlCDF1 or SlCDF3 showed increased drought and salt tolerance. In addition, the expression of various stress-responsive genes, such as COR15, RD29A, and RD10, were differentially activated in the overexpressing lines. Interestingly, overexpression in Arabidopsis of SlCDF3 but not SlCDF1 promotes late flowering through modulation of the expression of flowering control genes such as CO and FT. Overall, our data connect SlCDFs to undescribed functions related to abiotic stress tolerance and flowering time through the regulation of specific target genes and an increase in particular metabolites.This work was supported by grants from Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA; project numbers: 2009-0004-C01, 2012-0008-C01), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project number: BIO2010-14871), and the MERIT Project (FP7 ITN2010-264474). ARC was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the INIA. The authors would like to thank Mar Gonzalez and Victor Carrasco for technical assistance and Dr Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi for technical handling of the confocal microscope. We also thank Eugenio Grau for technical assistance with RT-PCR analyses.Corrales, A.; González Nebauer, S.; Carrillo, L.; Fernández Nohales, P.; Marques Signes, J.; Renau Morata, B.; Granell, A.... (2014). Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof Factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses. Journal of Experimental Botany. 65(4):995-1012. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert451S9951012654AbuQamar, S., Luo, H., Laluk, K., Mickelbart, M. V., & Mengiste, T. (2009). Crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress responses in tomato is mediated by theAIM1transcription factor. The Plant Journal, 58(2), 347-360. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03783.xAlonso, R., Oñate-Sánchez, L., Weltmeier, F., Ehlert, A., Diaz, I., Dietrich, K., … Dröge-Laser, W. (2009). 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Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Actuaciones administrativas en el marco del derecho administrativo global- Estudio de casos-

s/

Propuesta de diseño del sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa C&Q Ingenieros contratistas S.A.S.

El objetivo de este trabajo de grado es el diseño del SG-SST para la empresa C&Q Ingenieros contratistas SAS, siguiendo lo indicado principalmente en el decreto 1072 de 2015 y la resolución 1111 de 2017 y demás normativa vigente que aplique, esto con el fin de llevar la empresa a un mejoramiento constante en las condiciones laborales de sus trabajadores y a su vez el reducir al mínimo posible el riesgo de accidentes y enfermedades laborales. Para el diseño del SG-SST se utilizaron las herramientas disponibles en el anexo técnico 1 estándares mínimos de la resolución 1111 de 2017, las cuales se aplicaron para la ejecución del diagnóstico y verificación del estado en el que se encuentra la empresa.The objective of this degree work is the design of the SG-SST for the company C&Q Ingenieros contratistas SAS, following what is indicated mainly in decree 1072 of 2015 and resolution 1111 of 2017 and other current regulations that apply, this in order to Lead the company to a constant improvement in the working conditions of its workers and in turn reduce the risk of accidents and occupational diseases to a minimum. For the design of the SG-SST, the tools available in technical annex 1 minimum standards of resolution 1111 of 2017 were used, which were applied for the execution of the diagnosis and verification of the state in which the company is located.2. Problema de investigación 12 2.1. Descripción del Problema 12 2.1.1. Formulación o enunciado del problema 13 2.1.2. Delimitación o alcance del problema 13 2.2. Formulación del Problema 13 3. Objetivos 14 3.1. Objetivo general 14 3.2. Objetivos Específicos 14 4. Justificación y Delimitación 14 4.1. Justificación 14 4.2. Delimitación 21 4.3. Limitaciones 21 5. Marcos de Referencia 22 5.1. Estado del Arte 22 5.1.1. Tesis y trabajos de grado nacionales 24 5.1.2. Tesis y trabajos de grado internacionales 32 5.2. Marco teórico 33 5.2.1. A nivel nacional 35 5.2.2. A nivel internacional 39 − Sistemas de gestión que fomentan la seguridad y salud en el trabajo 44 5.3. Marco legal 53 5.3.1. Marco legal nacional 54 5.3.2. Marco legal internacional 59 6. Marco metodológico 60 6.1. fases de estudio 61 6.1 Fuentes de información y su recolección 62 6.1.1. Fuentes primarias 62 6.1.2. fuentes secundarias 63 7. Resultados y propuesta de solución 64 7.1. Resultados diagnostico estándares mínimos 64 7.1.2. Resultados de la Identificación de peligros y evaluación de riesgo 69 7.1.3. Resultado auto reporte de condiciones de salud del personal de la empresa 73 7.1.4. análisis de las encuestas de perfil sociodemográfico 76 7.1.5. Análisis de resultados estadísticos de ausentismo, accidentes de trabajo, enfermedades laborales, morbilidad y mortalidad 79 7.1.6. Análisis de la información nacional e internacional 79 7.1.7. Investigación de normatividad nacional e internacional aplicable a la actividad económica de la empresa 80 7.1.8. Propuesta del plan de trabajo 81 7.1.9. Propuesta estructural documental del SG-SST 82 7.1.10. Propuesta de diseño del SG-SST para C&Q SAS 84 8. Análisis financiero 94 9. Conclusiones 98 11. Referencias bibliográficas y web grafica 103EspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el TrabajoEspecialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabaj

Risk of recurrence after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19- associated venous thromboembolism: a prospective multicentre cohort studyResearch in context

Background: The clinical relevance of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE remains uncertain. We estimated the incidence rates and mortality of VTE recurrences developing after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted between March 25, 2020, and July 26, 2023, including patients who had discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of therapy. All patients from the registry were analyzed during the study period to verify inclusion criteria. Patients with superficial vein thrombosis, those who did not receive at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, and those who were followed for less than 15 days after discontinuing anticoagulation were excluded. Outcomes were: 1) Incidence rates of symptomatic VTE recurrences, and 2) fatal PE. The rate of VTE recurrences was defined as the number of patients with recurrent VTE divided by the patient-years at risk of recurrent VTE during the period when anticoagulation was discontinued. Findings: Among 1106 patients with COVID-19-associated VTE (age 62.3 ± 14.4 years; 62.9% male) followed-up for 12.5 months (p25-75, 6.3–20.1) after discontinuing anticoagulation, there were 38 VTE recurrences (3.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–4.7%), with a rate of 3.1 per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 2.2–4.2). No patient died of recurrent PE (0%, 95% CI: 0–7.6%). Subgroup analyses showed that patients with diagnosis in 2021–2022 (vs. 2020) (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.86; 95% CI 1.45–5.68) or those with isolated deep vein thrombosis (vs. pulmonary embolism) (HR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.49) had significantly higher rates of VTE recurrences. Interpretation: In patients with COVID-19-associated VTE who discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of treatment, the incidence rate of recurrent VTE and the case-fatality rate was low. Therefore, it conceivable that long-term anticoagulation may not be required for many patients with COVID-19-associated VTE, although further research is needed to confirm these findings. Funding: Sanofi and Rovi, Sanofi Spain

Risk of recurrence after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19- associated venous thromboembolism: a prospective multicentre cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: The clinical relevance of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE remains uncertain. We estimated the incidence rates and mortality of VTE recurrences developing after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted between March 25, 2020, and July 26, 2023, including patients who had discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of therapy. All patients from the registry were analyzed during the study period to verify inclusion criteria. Patients with superficial vein thrombosis, those who did not receive at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, and those who were followed for less than 15 days after discontinuing anticoagulation were excluded. Outcomes were: 1) Incidence rates of symptomatic VTE recurrences, and 2) fatal PE. The rate of VTE recurrences was defined as the number of patients with recurrent VTE divided by the patient-years at risk of recurrent VTE during the period when anticoagulation was discontinued. Findings: Among 1106 patients with COVID-19-associated VTE (age 62.3 ± 14.4 years; 62.9% male) followed-up for 12.5 months (p25-75, 6.3–20.1) after discontinuing anticoagulation, there were 38 VTE recurrences (3.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–4.7%), with a rate of 3.1 per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 2.2–4.2). No patient died of recurrent PE (0%, 95% CI: 0–7.6%). Subgroup analyses showed that patients with diagnosis in 2021–2022 (vs. 2020) (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.86; 95% CI 1.45–5.68) or those with isolated deep vein thrombosis (vs. pulmonary embolism) (HR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.49) had significantly higher rates of VTE recurrences. Interpretation: In patients with COVID-19-associated VTE who discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of treatment, the incidence rate of recurrent VTE and the case-fatality rate was low. Therefore, it conceivable that long-term anticoagulation may not be required for many patients with COVID-19-associated VTE, although further research is needed to confirm these findings. Funding: Sanofi and Rovi, Sanofi Spain

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

The appendix tables are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/609/A117Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (P = 7030 d) Saturn-mass (msini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period P = 532.6 days, eccentricity e = 0.342 and minimum mass msini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.© ESO, 2018.CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation (DFG), the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, and by the Junta de Andalucia. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work used the Systemic Console package (Meschiari et al. 2009) for cross-checking our Keplerian and Dynamical fits and the python package astroML (VanderPlas et al. 2012) for the calculation of the GLS periodogram. The IEEC-CSIC team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) through grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The IAA-CSIC team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through grants AYA2014-54348-C03-01 and AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P as well as FEDER funds. The UCM team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) from projects AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P and AYA2016-79425- C3-1,2,3-P and the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario, under grant FPU15/01476. T. T. and M.K. thank to Jan Rybizki for the very helpful discussion in the early phases of this work. V.J.S.B. is supported by grant AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (MINECO). J.C.S. acknowledges funding support from Spanish public funds for research under project ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R (MINECO/FEDER), and under Research Fellowship program >Ramon y Cajal> with reference RYC2012-09913 (MINECO/FEDER). The contributions of M.A. were supported by DLR (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt) through the grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501. J.L.-S. acknowledges the Office of Naval Research Global (award No. N62909-15- 1-2011) for support. C.d.B. acknowledges that this work has been supported by Mexican CONACyT research grant CB-2012-183007 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity through projects AYA2014-54348-C3-2-R. J.I.G.H., and R.R. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry project MINECO AYA2014-56359-P. J.I.G.H. also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO under the 2013 Ramon y Cajal program MINECO RYC-2013-14875. V. Wolthoff acknowledges funding from the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, project No. RE 2694/4-1.We thank the anonymous referee for the excellent comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520¿1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, H¿ emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700¿900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s¿1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4 m s-1. © ESO 2018.We thank an anonymous referee for prompt attention and helpful comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. This work has made use of the VALD database, operated at Uppsala University, the Institute of Astronomy RAS in Moscow, and the University of Vienna. We acknowledge the following funding programs: European Research Council (ERC-279347), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RE 1664/12-1, RE 2694/4-1), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF-05A14MG3, BMBF-05A17MG3), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1,2,3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2014-54348-C03-01, AYA2014-56359-P, AYA2014-54348-C3-2R, AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P and 2013 Ramon y Cajal program RYC-2013-14875), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R), Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme, Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (grant FPU15/01476), Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501), Office of Naval Research Global (award no. N62909-15-1-2011), Mexican CONACyT grant CB-2012-183007