Tick Sweats

Ticks are obligatory ectoparasites of many vertebrate hosts including human. Osmoregulatory functions of ticks are crucial for the survival, especially, in the off-host ticks in arid area. We found that injection of water in the body cavity of tick immediately triggers excretion of solution through the exoskeletal cuticles, like sweating. This response occurred in a bilateral asymmetric manner; the injection on left side of the body induced the sweating on only the left half, while the injection into right side did not induce sweat. The sweating response was reduced in the injections of high osmolar Naci (1 M). This is the first description of sweating physiology in maintenance of water homeostasis in the Lone star tick

秋休み (Fall Break)

Postcard from Alyssa Kuwamoto, during the Linfield College Semester Abroad Program at Kanto Gakuin University in Yokohama, Japa

Interview between International Students

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Alyssa Kuwamoto describes her observations during her study abroad program at Kanto Gakuin University in Yokohama, Japan

Phonological Development in the Early Speech of an Indonesian-German Bilingual Child

Current research in bilingual children’s language development with one language dominant has shown that one linguistic system can affect the other. This is called Crosslinguistic Influence (CLI). This paper explores whether CLI is experienced by a bilingual child raised in two typologically distinct languages in terms of phonological development. It uses data from the study of a child simultaneously acquiring Indonesian and German between the ages of 12 months - 20 months, with Indonesian as the dominant language. The sound segments developed by the child showed universal tendencies, with the appearance of bilabials prior to alveolar sounds, followed by velar sounds. The sounds were produced mostly in the form of stops, nasals and glides. Three phonological processes were displayed by the child: substitution, assimilation and syllable structures. The front rounded vowel [ʏ], which exists in German but not in the Indonesian sound system, was systematically replaced by the palatal approximant [j]. This approximant exists in the Indonesian sound system but not in the German phonemic inventory. This provides evidence that, in terms of phonological development, the child experienced CLI, but only for certain sound transfers

The College Transition: What Changes, Who Changes, and Why?

To assess changes in student behavior between high school and college, and any factors contributing to behavioral changes, eight students from the University of New Hampshire were interviewed. To determine if changes in environment, or a greater distance from home, lead to greater changes in behavior, half of participants interviewed were in-state students and half were out-of-state students. Participants were interviewed on their opinions toward college and differences between high school and college in four areas: relationships, alcohol use, academics, and group participation. Interviews with participants were recorded and later transcribed. The transcriptions were then compared, looking for themes both within and among the interviews. The results showed that there were changes in these four areas but there were no differences in changes between in-state students and out-of-state students. On average, students’ grades stayed the same from high school to college and participation in group activities decreased from high school to college. The most common change was an increase in alcohol use from high school to college. Changes in behavior seemed unrelated to whether or not a student was in-state or out-ofstate. Changes in behavior seemed to be, in part, influenced by social relations, and also the freedom that comes with living away from home

Mawwage is What Bwings Us Togetha Today

Prose by Megan Ulrich

Can You Spot the Fake?

The ability to correctly interpret smiles is a skill that can be helpful in many aspects of life. One key feature that people look at is a smile, but smiles may not always be genuine. In our study, we focused on the detection of genuine and fake smiles and trained subjects to detect deception. The first training group was given applicable information, through PowerPoint, on distinguishing between smiles along with two videos presenting a genuine and fake smile. The second group viewed a PowerPoint with applicable information without videos. The third group viewed a PowerPoint containing just videos. Our control group was asked to think about situations where a fake or genuine smile would be used. Before training, participants viewed 10 smile videos and indicated whether each smile was genuine or fake. Following training, the participants viewed 10 new videos and again indicated whether each smile was genuine or fake. We hypothesized that the training groups would identify more smiles correctly than the control group. One week later, all groups viewed the same 20 videos again to determine whether the training had a lasting effect