Diálogos possíveis entre educação de surdos, interculturalidade e inclusão: em foco a formação no projeto BioLibras da Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Os diferentes grupos que compõem a Escola e a sociedade como um todo trazem consigo marcas multiculturais importantes de serem reconhecidas, valorizadas e respeitadas, tendo como base suas especificidades e a condição humana a qual se enquadram. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva trazer referenciais no campo da Educação para dialogar com algumas das ideias debatidas por onze integrantes do Projeto de Extensão BioLibras, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG), em uma das nossas reuniões formativas. Nela discutiram-se questões relacionadas ao multiculturalismo, interculturalidade e suas implicações no contexto da Educação/Inclusão dos Surdos. Para tanto, foram analisadas as transcrições da reunião remota a partir da Análise de Prosa Enredada. Discutimos as concepções sobre igualdade e diferença apresentadas e suas implicações no contexto educacional, tendo o foco no acesso da pessoa Surda às informações/conhecimento e no modo como a legislação atual tem influenciado a prática formativa. Verificamos que os termos igualdade, diferença e inclusão possibilitam interpretações diversas, sendo naturalmente polissêmicos. Isso demanda uma efetiva discussão sobre a abrangência deles no âmbito educacional, considerando que o debate relativo ao multiculturalismo ainda é bastante incipiente na formação inicial e continuada dos professores. Dessa forma, concluímos sobre a necessidade de ações formativas que favoreçam a valorização e o acolhimento da diversidade nos diferentes espaços educacionais, permitindo ao outro o direito de ter respeitada a sua condição sócio-linguística-cultural e, acima de tudo, humana

Diversity across Major and Candidate Genes in European Local Pig Breeds

In the frame of the European TREASURE* project, the genetic characterization of 20 local pig breeds is being performed with genetic and genomic tools. The objectives are the study of genetic diversity in these populations and the identification of useful markers for authentication, traceability, conservation and breeding programs. In first place, a candidate gene approach has been applied and the most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits have been prioritized and analyzed. Two OpenArray® chips of 32 and 16 SNPs were designed and genotyped in 48 animals from each one of 20 breeds included in the project (Alentejana, Apulo Calabrese, Basque, Bísaro, Black Majorcan, Black Sicilian, Black Slavonian, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Krskopolje, Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Mangalitsa, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Old Lithuanian White, Sarda, Schwäbisch Hällisches, Turopolje). Forty SNPs located in 34 genes were successfully genotyped (MC1R, TYRP1, NR6A, PCK1, RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, PHKG1, SCD, GBP5, TAS2R39, TAS2R4, MUC4, ESR1, CYP2E1, LEP, CAST, MTTP, CYB5A, FTO, PPARGC1A, CAPN1, PPARD, CTSL, LEPR, PRKAG3, ACACA, KIT, ACSL4, ADIPOQ, FASN, AHR, FUT1, MSTN). Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs responsible for specific production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes, showing low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of unfavorable alleles for disease resistance and boar taint genes in most breeds, and segregation of many genes involved in meat quality, fatness and growth. These results joint with ongoing genomic assays, will provide essential information regarding genetic diversity, structure, selective signatures and biological processes responsible for specific production and quality traits

Diversity across Major and Candidate Genes in European Local Pig Breeds

In the frame of the European TREASURE* project, the genetic characterization of 20 local pig breeds is being performed with genetic and genomic tools. The objectives are the study of genetic diversity in these populations and the identification of useful markers for authentication, traceability, conservation and breeding programs. In first place, a candidate gene approach has been applied and the most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits have been prioritized and analyzed. Two OpenArray® chips of 32 and 16 SNPs were designed and genotyped in 48 animals from each one of 20 breeds included in the project (Alentejana, Apulo Calabrese, Basque, Bísaro, Black Majorcan, Black Sicilian, Black Slavonian, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Krskopolje, Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Mangalitsa, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Old Lithuanian White, Sarda, Schwäbisch Hällisches, Turopolje). Forty SNPs located in 34 genes were successfully genotyped (MC1R, TYRP1, NR6A, PCK1, RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, PHKG1, SCD, GBP5, TAS2R39, TAS2R4, MUC4, ESR1, CYP2E1, LEP, CAST, MTTP, CYB5A, FTO, PPARGC1A, CAPN1, PPARD, CTSL, LEPR, PRKAG3, ACACA, KIT, ACSL4, ADIPOQ, FASN, AHR, FUT1, MSTN). Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs responsible for specific production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes, showing low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of unfavorable alleles for disease resistance and boar taint genes in most breeds, and segregation of many genes involved in meat quality, fatness and growth. These results joint with ongoing genomic assays, will provide essential information regarding genetic diversity, structure, selective signatures and biological processes responsible for specific production and quality traits

Whole-genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds allows the detection of signatures of selection for adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems

Background Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous pig breeds and wild boars have shaped their genomes and resulted in a reservoir of animal genetic diversity. Signatures of selection are the result of these selection events that have contributed to the adaptation of breeds to different environments and production systems. In this study, we analysed the genome variability of 19 European autochthonous pig breeds (Alentejana, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Basque, Gascon, Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Krškopolje pig, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Moravka, Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein, Lithuanian indigenous wattle and Lithuanian White old type) from nine countries, three European commercial breeds (Italian Large White, Italian Landrace and Italian Duroc), and European wild boars, by mining whole-genome sequencing data obtained by using a DNA-pool sequencing approach. Signatures of selection were identified by using a single-breed approach with two statistics [within-breed pooled heterozygosity (HP) and fixation index (FST)] and group-based FST approaches, which compare groups of breeds defined according to external traits and use/specialization/type. Results We detected more than 22 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 23 compared populations and identified 359 chromosome regions showing signatures of selection. These regions harbour genes that are already known or new genes that are under selection and relevant for the domestication process in this species, and that affect several morphological and physiological traits (e.g. coat colours and patterns, body size, number of vertebrae and teats, ear size and conformation, reproductive traits, growth and fat deposition traits). Wild boar related signatures of selection were detected across all the genome of several autochthonous breeds, which suggests that crossbreeding (accidental or deliberate) occurred with wild boars. Conclusions Our findings provide a catalogue of genetic variants of many European pig populations and identify genome regions that can explain, at least in part, the phenotypic diversity of these genetic resources.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genome-wide detection of copy number variants in European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds by whole-genome sequencing of DNA pools identified breed-characterising copy number states

In this study, we identified copy number variants (CNVs) in 19 European autochthonous pig breeds and in two commercial breeds (Italian Large White and Italian Duroc) that represent important genetic resources for this species. The genome of 725 pigs was sequenced using a breed-specific DNA pooling approach (30–35 animals per pool) obtaining an average depth per pool of 429. This approach maximised CNV discovery as well as the related copy number states characterising, on average, the analysed breeds. By mining more than 17.5 billion reads, we identified a total of 9592 CNVs (~683 CNVs per breed) and 3710 CNV regions (CNVRs; 1.15% of the reference pig genome), with an average of 77 CNVRs per breed that were considered as private. A few CNVRs were analysed in more detail, together with other information derived from sequencing data. For example, the CNVR encompassing the KIT gene was associated with coat colour phenotypes in the analysed breeds, confirming the role of the multiple copies in determining breed-specific coat colours. The CNVR covering the MSRB3 gene was associated with ear size in most breeds. The CNVRs affecting the ELOVL6 and ZNF622 genes were private features observed in the Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle and in the Turopolje pig breeds respectively. Overall, the genome variability unravelled here can explain part of the genetic diversity among breeds and might contribute to explain their origin, history and adaptation to a variety of production system

Genome-wide detection of copy number variants in European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds by whole-genome sequencing of DNA pools identified breed-characterising copy number states

In this study, we identified copy number variants (CNVs) in 19 European autochthonous pig breeds and in two commercial breeds (Italian Large White and Italian Duroc) that represent important genetic resources for this species. The genome of 725 pigs was sequenced using a breed-specific DNA pooling approach (30–35 animals per pool) obtaining an average depth per pool of 429. This approach maximised CNV discovery as well as the related copy number states characterising, on average, the analysed breeds. By mining more than 17.5 billion reads, we identified a total of 9592 CNVs (~683 CNVs per breed) and 3710 CNV regions (CNVRs; 1.15% of the reference pig genome), with an average of 77 CNVRs per breed that were considered as private. A few CNVRs were analysed in more detail, together with other information derived from sequencing data. For example, the CNVR encompassing the KIT gene was associated with coat colour phenotypes in the analysed breeds, confirming the role of the multiple copies in determining breed-specific coat colours. The CNVR covering the MSRB3 gene was associated with ear size in most breeds. The CNVRs affecting the ELOVL6 and ZNF622 genes were private features observed in the Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle and in the Turopolje pig breeds respectively. Overall, the genome variability unravelled here can explain part of the genetic diversity among breeds and might contribute to explain their origin, history and adaptation to a variety of production system

Genome-wide detection of copy number variants in European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds by whole-genome sequencing of DNA pools identified breed-characterising copy number states

In this study, we identified copy number variants (CNVs) in 19 European autochthonous pig breeds and in two commercial breeds (Italian Large White and Italian Duroc) that represent important genetic resources for this species. The genome of 725 pigs was sequenced using a breed-specific DNA pooling approach (30–35 animals per pool) obtaining an average depth per pool of 429. This approach maximised CNV discovery as well as the related copy number states characterising, on average, the analysed breeds. By mining more than 17.5 billion reads, we identified a total of 9592 CNVs (~683 CNVs per breed) and 3710 CNV regions (CNVRs; 1.15% of the reference pig genome), with an average of 77 CNVRs per breed that were considered as private. A few CNVRs were analysed in more detail, together with other information derived from sequencing data. For example, the CNVR encompassing the KIT gene was associated with coat colour phenotypes in the analysed breeds, confirming the role of the multiple copies in determining breed-specific coat colours. The CNVR covering the MSRB3 gene was associated with ear size in most breeds. The CNVRs affecting the ELOVL6 and ZNF622 genes were private features observed in the Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle and in the Turopolje pig breeds respectively. Overall, the genome variability unravelled here can explain part of the genetic diversity among breeds and might contribute to explain their origin, history and adaptation to a variety of production system

Describing variability in pig genes involved in coronavirus infections for a One Health perspective in conservation of animal genetic resources

Coronaviruses silently circulate in human and animal populations, causing mild to severe diseases. Therefore, livestock are important components of a ?One Health? perspective aimed to control these viral infections. However, at present there is no example that considers pig genetic resources in this context. In this study, we investigated the variability of four genes (ACE2, ANPEP and DPP4 encoding for host receptors of the viral spike proteins and TMPRSS2 encoding for a host proteinase) in 23 European (19 autochthonous and three commercial breeds and one wild boar population) and two Asian Sus scrofa populations. A total of 2229 variants were identifed in the four candidate genes: 26% of them were not previously described; 29 variants afected the protein sequence and might potentially interact with the infection mechanisms. The results coming from this work are a frst step towards a ?One Health? perspective that should consider conservation programs of pig genetic resources with twofold objectives: (i) genetic resources could be reservoirs of host gene variability useful to design selection programs to increase resistance to coronaviruses; (ii) the describedFE1B-06B2-126F | Jos? Pedro Pinto de Ara?joN/

Analysis of the perceptions of pre-service’ Biology, Physics and Chemistry teachers in the Federal University of Vicosa (Brazil) about Science Education aimed at deaf students

O ensino de Ciências aos surdos requer uma formação docente que forneça os subsídios necessários para se articular estratégias que contemplem as especificidades desse grupo, que representa uma minoria linguístico-cultural. Assim, realizamos uma pesquisa-ação crítica colaborativa, nela analisamos as percepções de estudantes de cursos de Licenciatura da área de Ciências da Natureza quanto a educação dos estudantes surdos, e formulamos uma proposta de intervenção para o processo de formação inicial dos professores. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas plataformas de busca online ERIC, SciELO e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Os resultados apontaram que os trabalhos sobre a educação em Ciências voltada aos estudantes surdos abordam cinco temáticas, uma delas contempla a temática dos professores. Entretanto, não aborda questões sobre a formação docente. Analisamos as ideias de 25 estudantes dos cursos de Licenciatura em Biologia (n=16), em Física (n=4) e em Química (n=5) sobre a mediação do conhecimento científico em salas de aulas com surdos. O grupo de licenciandos investigado cursava as disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado I ou III dos respectivos cursos, todos na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG), campus Viçosa. Construímos os dados por meio de um questionário, utilizado para sondar os conhecimentos e interesses dos licenciandos, e os submetemos à análise de conteúdo. Identificamos que o grupo investigado já havia discutido sobre os surdos em seus cursos, com destaque para a cultura surda, os seus Interesses estavam voltados à aprendizagem da Libras e o contato surdos. Posteriormente, realizamos em cada turma a discussão de um caso de ensino e os dados foram analisados por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso. Verificamos que as percepções dos licenciandos sobre o professor estavam atreladas às questões de personalidade. As estratégias metodológicas mencionadas foram aquelas que exploram a visualidade. Além disso, ainda são vagas as ideias sobre o intérprete educacional, tal como a sua função, relação com o docente e a importância de conhecer os conteúdos científicos para a sua atuação profissional. A partir dos resultados, elaboramos um material didático que poderá contribuir para futuras discussões e construções do conhecimento sobre esta temática no âmbito da formação inicial dos professores de Ciências. Palavras-chave: Formação inicial dos professores de Ciências. Licenciatura. Ensino de Ciências. Educação dos Surdos.Teaching requires teacher training that provides the specific components to define joint strategies that represent a linguistic-cultural specificity. Science education at the deaf students requires teacher professional training that provides the necessary subsidies to articulate strategies that address the specificities of a group that represents a linguistic-cultural minority. Thus, we carried a collaborative critical action research, in this we analyzed the perceptions of students of science teachers’ courses regarding the education of deaf students, in order to formulate an intervention proposal that contributes to the process of initial teacher training. Therefore, we carried out the bibliographic research in online searches platforms, 1.e., ERIC, SciELO and Capes' Portal. The results showed that papers investigated on science education aimed at deaf students address five themes, one of which includes the teachers approach. However, it does not address questions about teacher professional training. We analyzed the conceptions of 25 students of the bachelor’s in biology (n=16), physics (n=4) and chemistry (n=5) had to mediate scientific knowledge in classrooms with the deaf students. The group of undergraduates studied on the course of Supervised Internship I or II, at the Federal University of Vicosa (Brazil). We gathered the data through a questionnaire used to demonstrate the knowledge and interests of the undergraduates. It was submitted to content analysis, allowing us to identify that the investigated group had already discussed about the deaf students’ specificities in their courses, with emphasis on the deaf culture. His interests were focused on learning Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and contacting deaf students. Subsequently, we carried out in each class the discussion of a specific case, which was analyzed using the case study methodology. We verified that their perceptions about the teacher were linked to personality issues. The methodological strategies mentioned by the undergraduates were about those that explore visuality. In addition, ideas about the educational interpreter are still vague, such as their function, relationship with the teacher and the importance of knowing the scientific content for their professional performance. Based on the results, we developed a didactic material that could contribute to future discussions and construction of knowledge on this topic within the scope of the pre-service science teachers. Keywords: Pre-service science teacher. Science teachers’ course. Science Education. Deaf Education

Whole-genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds allows the detection of signatures of selection for adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems

BACKGROUND: Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous pig breeds and wild boars have shaped their genomes and resulted in a reservoir of animal genetic diversity. Signatures of selection are the result of these selection events that have contributed to the adaptation of breeds to different environments and production systems. In this study, we analysed the genome variability of 19 European autochthonous pig breeds (Alentejana, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Basque, Gascon, Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Krškopolje pig, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Moravka, Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein, Lithuanian indigenous wattle and Lithuanian White old type) from nine countries, three European commercial breeds (Italian Large White, Italian Landrace and Italian Duroc), and European wild boars, by mining whole-genome sequencing data obtained by using a DNA-pool sequencing approach. Signatures of selection were identified by using a single-breed approach with two statistics [within-breed pooled heterozygosity (HP) and fixation index (FST)] and group-based FST approaches, which compare groups of breeds defined according to external traits and use/specialization/type. RESULTS: We detected more than 22 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 23 compared populations and identified 359 chromosome regions showing signatures of selection. These regions harbour genes that are already known or new genes that are under selection and relevant for the domestication process in this species, and that affect several morphological and physiological traits (e.g. coat colours and patterns, body size, number of vertebrae and teats, ear size and conformation, reproductive traits, growth and fat deposition traits). Wild boar related signatures of selection were detected across all the genome of several autochthonous breeds, which suggests that crossbreeding (accidental or deliberate) occurred with wild boars. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a catalogue of genetic variants of many European pig populations and identify genome regions that can explain, at least in part, the phenotypic diversity of these genetic resources