Violência contra mulher: à percepção dos graduandos de enfermagem / Violence against women: the perception of nursing graduates

Objetivo: conhecer as percepções dos graduandos em Enfermagem do Centro Universitário Estácio de Sergipe, sobre violência contra a mulher. Método: Pesquisa de caráter descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada no Centro Universitário Estácio de Sergipe com acadêmicos do curso de graduação de enfermagem, do município de Aracaju/ SE, no período de agosto a setembro de 2020. Resultado: Os indivíduos eram predominantemente do sexo feminino (97,14%), cor parda (61,43%), faixa etária 25-a 30 anos (67,95%), sem filhos (72,86%). Evidenciou-se que não houve relevância entre o sexo, cor da pele, características pessoais, em sentirem-se aptos ou não a atender mulheres vítimas de violência. Conclusão: Conclui-se que se compreende que a violência contra mulher é um tema que deve ser mais abordado durante a graduação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem para que haja maior preparação para atuação no campo de trabalho frente a esse problema de saúde pública. 

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Health and physiological quality of corn seeds treated with fungicides and assessed during storage

At post-harvest period, quality of corn seeds may be influenced by several important factors such as: presence of harmful microorganisms, chemical treatments, host species genotype and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of corn seeds, hybrids 2B 688 and 2B 710, with high incidence of fungus Fusarium verticillioides and treated with mixtures of fungicides thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin (50 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) and carbendazim + thiram + micronutrients (100 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) during six months storage. Performance assessments of seeds were carried out at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days storage. The incidence of F. verticillioides, as well as physiological quality, germination, vigor, stand of plants, emergence speed index, and dry matter weight were assessed. It has been verified that seed treatment with fungicide mixtures was efficient for ensuring seed physiological quality of both genotypes and to reduce incidence of F. verticillioides on treated seeds. By contrast, analysis between treatments with fungicides, within each period assessed and each treatment as compared to control along storage period was verified clear benefits on emergence of seeds after treatment with fungicides

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MICROBIOMA E QUALIFICAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIMICROBIANOS DO CENTRO CIRÚRGICO DE UMA MATERNIDADE

O hospital é um local com grande reservatório de patógenos virulentos e oportunistas, tendo o centro cirúrgico como um dos setores críticos, devido à realização de procedimentos invasivos, que quando somado a alguns fatores relacionado ao paciente e ao ambiente, favorece a ocorrência de infecção do sitio cirúrgico inadequada, favorecendo a ocorrência de infecção hospitalar pós-cirúrgica. O Ministério da Saúde, de acordo com Portaria GM/MS nº 2.616/1998 define Infecção Hospitalar (IH) como um processo infeccioso adquirido após a admissão do paciente, em decorrência da internação ou da realização de procedimentos hospitalares. A Infecção do Sitio Cirúrgico (ISC), conhecida como infecção da ferida, é aquela que ocorre nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia ou até um ano em casos de implante ou órteses, causadas por agentes patogênicos de fonte endógena e/ou exógena, no qual as principais vias de aquisição são por contato direto, contato indireto, transmissão aérea e veículos comuns O referente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o microbioma e qualificar a resistência dos microrganismos aos antimicrobianos do centro cirúrgico do Hospital e Maternidade Jesus, Maria e José do município de Quixadá, Ceará. Realizou-se análise microbiológica através dos métodos de sedimentação espontânea e swab estéril, e análise observacional seguindo um formulário estruturado. No total foram encontradas por sedimentação espontânea 19 colônias isoladas, sendo que destas, 84% corresponderam a bactérias Gram positivas e 16% foram de Gram negativas. Nos locais específicos foram isoladas 80 colônias, correspondendo numa totalidade de 100% do grupo das bactérias Gram positivas. Os dois patógenos que maior prevaleceram no ambiente foram o Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa. Quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos, Staphylococcus aureus foi o microrganismo que maior apresentou resistência aos antimicrobianos testados, numa média de 50%. Analisando os dados conclui-se que identificando os principais patógenos prevalentes no setor e analisando os antibióticos que oferecem resistência, proporcionara á uma antibioticoterapia segura, eficaz e racional, contribuindo também na recuperação, redução do tempo de hospitalização do paciente, evitando, entretanto complicações pós-cirúrgica, favorecendo na diminuição dos casos de infecção hospitala

Laurus nobilis L.: assessment of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts by micronucleus and Allium cepa assays

Laurus nobilis L. is a large shrub belonging to the Lauracea family. Its leaves are widely used for food seasoning as well as in folk medicine. Various studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, antifungal and antibacterial effects of Laurus nobilis, but no studies have investigated the genotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of the plant. The objective of this study was to analyze the genotoxic potential of an aqueous extract of leaves, using the Allium cepa assay and mouse peripheral blood cell micronucleus test. The results showed that the extract did not have any genotoxic activity, but cytotoxic activity was observed in the two experimental models used. The extract had an antiproliferative effect, detected through the reduction of the mitotic index and the polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE/NCE) ratio. The tests also demonstrated a large number of cells undergoing apoptosis and with nuclear abnormalities related to cell death processes. These results can be explained by the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids, detected in the phytochemical analysis of the extract. Therefore, the extract from L. nobilis in the form generally used by the population does not pose risks related to its genotoxic potential, and also contains components with apoptotic and antigenotoxic potential