Estrutura Motivacional Dos Valores Humanos

The motivational structure of human values was examinedwith data from two samples, one composed by university students (N = 244)and the other by school teachers (N = 154). Sixty values were evaluated,56 cross-cultural values and four peculiar to Brazilian culture. Smallestspace analyses of the importance ratings given by subjects to the 60 values,revealed nine and eigth distinct motivational types of values in the studentsand teachers samples respectively, corresponding with those postulated inthe hypotheses. The interests that values serve (individual vs collective)were also verified in both samples. Moreover, the value types were organizeddynamically in relation to one another, as predicted by the patternsof compatible or contradictory motivation. Finally, the four Brazilian valueswere also integrated in the postulated motivational structure. Empiricalindexes are suggested to measure the importance of each of the motivationalvalue types for use in future research.A estrutura motivacional dos valores humanos foi estudada a partir dos dados provenientes de duas amostras, uma de estudantes universitários (N = 244) e outra de professores de escola (N = 154). Sessenta valores foram avaliados sendo 56 transculturais e 4 específicos à cultura brasileira. Análises SSA da importância dada pelos sujeitos a cada um dos 60 valores revelaram nove e oito distintos tipos motivacionais de valores na amostra de estudantes e de professores respectivamente, correspondendo com aqueles postulados nas hipóteses. Os interesses servidos pelos valores (individuais vs coletivos) foram também verificados nas duas amostras. Além disso, as relações recíprocas dos tipos motivacionais organizaram-se dinamicamente, de acordo com os patterns de motivação compatível ou contraditória que foram postulados. Finalmente, os quatro valores brasileiros integraram-se na estrutura motivacional, tal como previsto nas hipóteses. É sugerido para futuras investigações o uso de escores para medir a importância de cada um dos tipos motivacionais

Estimación de elacticidades precio de oferta mediante modelos de ajuste parcial.

El presente estudo se realizó con el fin de evaluar la respuesta de los productores (arroz, algodón, ajonjolí, maíz, cebada, trigo, sorgo, soya, fríjol, caña de azúcar y cacao) en Colombia, a incentivos de precios recibidos durante las últimas tres década, a través del cálculo de elasticidades precios de oferta. Bajo el supuesto de que los agricultores comerciales intentan maximizar las ganancias netas de la actividad agrícola, se especifió y estimó un modelo nerloviano de ajuste parcial para el cálculo de las elasticidades de oferta a corto y largo plazo. El modelo asume que debido

National Temporal Trend Analysis of Infective Endocarditis among Patients Infected with HIV in Spain (1997-2014): A Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) form a vulnerable population for the onset of infective endocarditis (IE). We aimed to analyze the epidemiological trend of IE, as well as its microbiological characteristics, in PLWH during the combined antiretroviral therapy era in Spain. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study (1997-2014) in PLWH with data obtained from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. We selected 1800 hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis, which corresponded to 1439 patients. RESULTS: We found significant downward trends in the periods 1997-1999 and 2008-2014 in the rate of hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis (from 21.8 to 3.8 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), IE incidence (from 18.2 to 2.9 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), and IE mortality (from 23.9 to 5.5 deaths per 100,000 patient-years; p < 0.001). The most frequent microorganisms involved were staphylococci (50%; 42.7% Staphylococcus aureus and 7.3% coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)), followed by streptococci (9.3%), Gram-negative bacilli (8.3%), enterococci (3%), and fungus (1.4%). During the study period, we found a downward trend in the rates of CoNS (p < 0.001) and an upward trends in streptococci (p = 0.001), Gram-negative bacilli (p < 0.001), enterococci (p = 0.003), and fungus (p < 0.001) related to IE, mainly in 2008-2014. The rate of community-acquired IE showed a significant upward trend (p = 0.001), while the rate of health care-associated IE showed a significant downward trend (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rates of hospital admissions, incidence, and mortality related to IE diagnosis in PLWH in Spain decreased from 1997 to 2014, while other changes in clinical characteristics, mode of acquisition, and pathogens occurred over this time.This research has been supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PI15/01451 to ET), and “Gerencia de Salud, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Leon” [grant number 773/A/13 to ET].S

Some aspects of numerical modeling of steel-concrete composite beams with prestressed tendons

Aspects about the numerical modeling of three-dimensional prestressed steel-concrete composite beams by using the finite element (FE) method are highlighted and commented in this work. Emphasis is given to the numerical treatment of bonded and unbonded tendons. The proposed modeling technique uses curved beam and catenary elements for simulating internal and external tendons, respectively. Other issues such as the constitutive model for shear connectors, steel beam and concrete are also discussed. Several numerical examples with experimental and numerical results are presented. It is encountered that a faster numerical convergence is achieved when the tendon stiffness is included in the overall stiffness of the structure, even when the unbonded internal situation is addressed. Moreover, omitting slipping at the deviator device may lead to inaccurate results in the evaluation of tendon forces for external prestressing. Favourable agreement is encountered for all studied examples

Modelado del musculo del brazo con redes neuronales para estimar el momento en un sistema exoesquelético

En este artículo se presenta un sistema exoesquelético en el brazo humano, que permite una interacción natural entre el operador y la máquina a través de señales electromiográficas, señales cinéticas y cinemáticas.  Por medio de estas señales biológicas y mecánicas es posible estimar el momento realizado por el operador sobre una carga específica, para obtener la referencia deseada en el actuador del exoesqueleto. Se modela el músculo del brazo a través del entrenamiento de redes neuronales, variando los parámetros del algoritmo, el número de capas ocultas y el número de neuronas. Se realiza el entrenamiento con siete variables de entrada y uno de salida, que corresponden a señales preprocesadas y posteriormente se realiza la validación del modelo con los mejores resultados

Effects of multicomponent and power training programs using elastic devices on motor function, body composition, and metabolic, bone and inflammatory profile in older adults

Background: It is needed to understand what type of training strategy can be the most effective for contributing to a healthier, active, and more independent elderly population. Nowadays, there are novel types of training interventions and devices, but only little is known regarding whether these can provoke positive benefits in this target population. Concretely, no evidence has examined the effectiveness of high-speed resistance training and multicomponent training in older adults in respect of not only physical function but also bone, immunity, and metabolic status. Developing an understanding these novel training strategies can ultimately provide a viable alternative to traditional modes of exercise training for a broader range of participants

Tuberculosis en pacientes tratados con antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa en un área endémica, ¿vale la pena el riesgo?

Tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists (TNFA) are biological agents to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their use is associated with an increased rate of tuberculosis, endemic mycoses, and intracellular bacterial infections. Since tuberculosis is moderately to highly endemic in Colombia, the risk of these infections in patients treated with TNFAs may be higher than previously reported in Colombia. Recently, four patients have developed tuberculosis during TNFA therapy. Tuberculosis appeared between 3 to 24 months after initiation of TFNA therapy and was independent of previous tuberculin skin test status. A review of the relevant literature and recommLos antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (infliximab, adalimumab y etanercept) son agentes biológicos utilizados en el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas y autoinmunes. Sin embargo, su uso está asociado con el incremento de la tasa de tuberculosis, micosis endémicas e infecciones bacterianas intracelulares. Dado que la tuberculosis es moderada/altamente endémica en Colombia, el riesgo de esta infección en los pacientes tratados con estos agentes biológicos puede incrementarse y hacer dicha tasa mayor que la informada previamente (tanto en Colombia como en el mundo). Se presentan cuatro pacientes que desarrollaron tuberculosis durante el tratamiento con antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa. La presentación de la tuberculosis ocurrió en promedio 15 meses después del inicio del agente biológico y fue independiente de la prueba de tuberculina. Se hace una revisión del tema y se plantea la necesidad de implementar guías y estrategias gubernamentales orientadas a la detección y profilaxis de tuberculosis en este grupo de pacientes

Standardised packs and larger health warnings: visual attention and perceptions among Colombian smokers and non-smokers.

Aims To measure how cigarette packaging (standardised packaging and branded packaging) and health warning size affect visual attention and pack preferences among Colombian smokers and non-smokers. Design To explore visual attention, we used an eye-tracking experiment where non-smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers were shown cigarette packs varying in warning size (30%-pictorial on top of the text, 30%-pictorial and text side-by-side, 50%, 70%) and packaging (standardised packaging, branded packaging). We used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine the impact of warning size, packaging and brand name on preferences to try, taste perceptions and perceptions of harm. Setting Eye-tracking laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Participants Participants (n=175) were 18 to 40 years old. Measurements For the eye-tracking experiment, our primary outcome measure was the number of fixations toward the health warning compared with the branding. For the DCE, outcome measures were preferences to try, taste perceptions and harm perceptions. Findings We observed greater visual attention to warning labels on standardised versus branded packages (F[3,167]=22.87, P<0.001) and when warnings were larger (F[9,161]=147.17, P<0.001); as warning size increased, the difference in visual attention to warnings between standardised and branded packaging decreased (F[9,161]=4.44, P<0.001). Non-smokers visually attended toward the warnings more than smokers, but as warning size increased these differences decreased (F[6,334]=2.92, P=0.009). For the DCE, conditional trials showed that increasing the warning size from 30% to 70% reduced preferences to try (odds ratio [OR]=0.48, 95% CI = [0.42,0.54], P<0.001), taste perceptions (OR=0.61, 95% CI = [0.54,0.68], P<0.001); and increased harm perceptions (OR=0.78, 95% CI = [0.76,0.80], P<0.001). Compared with branded packaging, standardised packaging reduced our DCE outcome measures with ORs ranging from OR=0.25 (95% CI = [0.17,0.38], P<0.001) to OR=0.79 (95% CI = [0.67,0.93], P<0.001) across two brands. These effects were more pronounced among non-smokers, males and younger participants. Unconditional trials showed similar results. Conclusions Standardised cigarette packaging and larger health warnings appear to decrease positive pack perceptions and have the potential to reduce the demand for cigarette products in Colombia

Efecto de la rotación maíz yuca vitabosa en la producción de materia prima para la cadena avícola porcícola y sobre las características físicas químicas y biológicas del suelo en la Región de Urabá

La economía campesina de la región está basada en la explotación de cultivos de maíz ( 40.000 has), cacao (3.200 has) y yuca (6.000 has). La misma subsiste acompañada de la problemática de producción (poco acceso a semillas mejoradas, baja productividad, incidencia de plagas y enfermedades y altos costos de producción) y comercialización (precios y mercados); éstos cultivos son una opción de diversificación a los renglones tradicionales como el banano, el plátano y la ganadería.Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural - MINAGRICULTURA‎‎Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIAAviculturaPorcicultur